Nervous System (Multiple Choice Questions)
D
17) The elevated ridges of tissue on the surface of the cerebral hemispheres are known as __________ while the shallow grooves are termed __________. A) sulci; gyri B) tracts; ganglia C) ganglia; gyri D) gyri; sulci E) receptors; effectors
B
35) Which of the following is a traumatic brain injury: A) aphasia B) cerebral edema C) cerebrovascular accident (CVA) D) Parkinsonʹs disease E) Alzheimerʹs disease
B
7) The effects of the sympathetic nervous system are essentially opposite of the: A) motor division B) parasympathetic nervous system C) sensory division D) central nervous system E) autonomic nervous system
E
A neuron with a cell body located in the CNS whose primary function is connecting other neurons is called a(n): A) efferent neuron B) glial cell C) afferent neuron D) satellite cell E) association neuron
sensory nerves & efferent nerves
Afferent nerves are called __________, and motor nerves are called __________.
B
Afferent nerves are called __________, and motor nerves are called __________. A) peripheral nerves; cranial nerves B) sensory nerves; efferent nerves C) cranial nerves; peripheral nerves D) motor nerves; sensory nerves E) mixed nerves; motor nerves
C
An action potential is caused by an influx of these ions into the cell: A) both potassium and sodium B) potassium C) sodium D) magnesium E) calcium
B
Collections of nerve cell bodies inside the CNS are called: A) nuclei B) ganglia C) nerves D) tracts E) tracts or ganglia
C
Control of temperature, endocrine activity, metabolism, and thirst are functions associated with the: A) thalamus B) cerebellum C) hypothalamus D) medulla oblongata E) cerebrum
B
Damage to this nerve results in ʺwristdrop,ʺ the inability to extend the hand at the wrist: A) obturator B) radial C) axillary D) phrenic
urinary system
Eliminates nitrogenous wastes
A
Immediately after an action potential is propagated, which one of the following ions rapidly diffuses out of the cell into the tissue fluid: A) potassium B) calcium C) sodium D) chloride E) magnesium
E
Impulse conduction is fastest in neurons that are: A) sensory B) unmyelinated C) cerebral D) motor E) myelinated
D
In contrast to the somatic nervous system, the autonomic nervous system: A) stimulates its effector cells B) has centers in the brain and spinal cord C) has both afferent and efferent fibers D) has two motor neurons E) has two afferent neurons
D
Loss of muscle coordination results from damage to the: A) hypothalamus B) cerebrum C) midbrain D) cerebellum E) thalamus
sympathetic nervous system
Preparing the body for the "fight-or-flight" response is the role of the ________.
skeletal system
Protects and supports body organs and provides a framework the muscles use to support movement. Made up of bones and joints
B
Sally has a brain injury; she knows what she wants to say but canʹt vocalize the words. The part of her brain that deals with the ability to speak is the: A) central sulcus B) Brocaʹs area C) primary motor area D) longitudinal fissure E) gyrus
C
The Schwann cell forms a myelin sheath around the: A) nucleus B) cell body C) axon D) nodes of Ranvier E) dendrites
C
The ability to respond to a stimulus is termed: A) polarized B) depolarized C) irritability D) all-or-none response E) conductivity
C
The area of the brain stem that plays a role in consciousness and the awake/sleep cycles is the: A) cerebellum B) thalamus C) reticular activating system (RAS) D) pineal gland E) limbic system
E
The cerebrospinal fluid: A) enters the four ventricles after filling and circulating through the subarachnoid space B) is secreted by the arachnoid villi C) is identical in composition to whole blood D) is secreted mostly by the ependymal cells lining the brain ventricles E) is continually formed mostly by the choroid plexuses
A
The diffusion of potassium ions out of a neuron causes it to experience: A) repolarization B) an action potential C) a nerve impulse D) a graded potential E) depolarization
gyri and sulci
The elevated ridges of tissue on the surface of the cerebral hemisphere are known as __________, while the shallow grooves are termed __________.
A
The function of the olfactory nerve concerns: A) smell B) chewing C) vision D) eye movement E) hearing
synaptic cleft
The gap between two communicating neurons is termed
B
The gap between two communicating neurons is termed: A) node of Ranvier B) synaptic cleft C) effector D) cell body E) Schwann cell
B
The midbrain, pons, and medulla oblongata are housed in the: A) diencephalon B) brain stem C) pineal gland D) hypothalamus E) cerebellum
B
The neuron processes that normally receive incoming stimuli are called: A) Schwann cells B) dendrites C) neurolemmas D) satellite cells E) axons
D
The olfactory area is found within the: A) occipital lobe B) parietal lobe C) frontal lobe D) temporal lobe E) pyramidal tract
A
The peripheral nervous system consists of: A) the spinal and cranial nerves B) the brain and spinal cord C) spinal nerves only D) cranial nerves only E) the brain only E) femoral
A
The pituitary gland is most closely associated with the: A) hypothalamus B) medulla oblongata C) pineal gland D) midbrain E) thalamus
D
The sciatic nerve is the largest nerve in the body resulting from a combination of which two nerves: A) pudendal and femoral nerves B) pudendal and common peroneal nerves C) pudendal and tibial nerves D) common fibular and tibial nerves E) femoral and tibial nerves
E
The subarachnoid space lies directly between the: A) arachnoid mater and cerebellum B) arachnoid mater and cerebrum C) skull and arachnoid mater D) arachnoid mater and dura mater E) arachnoid mater and pia mater
D
The substance that is released at axonal endings to propagate a nervous impulse is called: A) an ion B) an action potential C) the sodium-potassium pump D) a neurotransmitter E) nerve glue
A
The sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems are subdivisions of the: A) autonomic nervous system B) voluntary nervous system C) somatic nervous system D) central nervous system E) peripheral nervous system
E
The term central nervous system refers to the: A) spinal cord and spinal nerves B) autonomic and peripheral nervous systems C) brain, spinal cord, and cranial nerves D) brain and cranial nerves E) brain and spinal cord
C
The three major parts of the brain stem are the: A) basal nuclei, pineal body, and choroid plexus B) dura mater, arachnoid mater, and pia mater C) midbrain, pons, and medulla oblongata D) thalamus, epithalamus, and hypothalamus E) cerebrum, cerebellum, and diencephalon
E
The vital centers for the control of visceral activities such as heart rate, breathing, blood pressure, swallowing, and vomiting are located in the: A) hypothalamus B) pons C) cerebrum D) midbrain E) medulla oblongata
C
Which of the following effects is characteristic of the parasympathetic nervous system: A) increases metabolic rate B) stimulates sweat glands to produce perspiration C) decreases heart rate D) decreases urine output E) decreases activity of the digestive system
C
Which of the following is the correct sequence in a typical reflex arc: A) receptor, afferent neuron, efferent neuron, integration center, effector B) effector, efferent neuron, integration center, afferent neuron, receptor C) receptor, afferent neuron, integration center, efferent neuron, effector D) effector, afferent neuron, integration center, efferent neuron, receptor E) receptor, efferent neuron, integration center, afferent neuron, effector
A
Which of these cells are not a type of neuroglia found in the CNS: A) Schwann cells B) oligodendrocytes C) ependymal cells D) astrocytes E) microglia
A
Which one of the following represents the correct sequence from outermost to innermost layers of the meninges: A) dura mater, arachnoid mater, pia mater B) pia mater, dura mater, arachnoid mater C) arachnoid mater, dura mater, pia mater D) dura mater, pia mater, arachnoid mater E) pia mater, arachnoid mater, dura mater
D
Which one of these effectors is NOT directly controlled by the autonomic nervous system: A) smooth muscle B) cardiac muscle C) most glands D) skeletal muscle E) abdominal organs
Sodium
action potential is caused by influx of these ions into cell
in aging unlimited number of neural pathways are available & ready to be developed
additional learning can occur throughout life
Muscular System
allows locomotion, maintains posture, produces heat
reticular activating system
area of brain stem that plays role in consciousness & awake/sleep cycles is
eye and nose
bipolar neurons are commonly
central nervous system
brain and spinal cord
digestive system
breaks down food, allows for nutrient absorption into blood, eliminates indigestible material for
Ganglia
collections of nerve cell bodies inside CNS
radial
damage to this nerve results in wrist drop inability to extend wrist
Repolarization
diffusion of potassium ions out of a neuron that takes place after the propagation of the action potential.
decrease heart rate
effects of parasympathetic nervous system
integumentary system
forms external covering of body synthesizes vitamin d
smell
function of olfactory nerve
make faster, impulse leaps from node to node
how do myelin sheaths affect impulse transmission
aphasia
inability to complete thoughts verbally
nervous system
keeps blood supplied with oxygen removes carbon dioxide
respiratory system
keeps blood supplies with oxygen removes carbon dioxide
Gross Anatomy
large, easily observable structures
dura mater, arachnoid mater, pia mater
layers of meninges from outermost to inner
Cerebellum
loss of muscle coordination results from damage to
frontal lobe
love that contains primary motor area that enables voluntary control of skeletal muscle movement
myelin
mass of white lopid marerial that insulates axon of neuron
brain stem
midbrain, pons, medulla oblongata are house in
effectors
muscle and glands are
Dendrites
neuron processes that normally receive incoming stimuli
association neurons
neuron with cell body located in CNS whose primary function is connecting other neurons called
skeletal muscle
not directly controlled by autonomic nervous system
temporal bone
olfactory area found within
spinal and cranial nerves, brain and spinal cord, spinal neeves
peripheral nervous system
lympathic system
returns fluids to blood vessels
Axon
schwann cell forms myelin sheath around
endocrine system
secretes regulatory hormones
Anatomy
study of structure & shape of body parts
Neurotransmitters
substance that's released at axonal endings to propagate nervous impulse
reproductive system
the production of offspring
Physiology
the study of how the body and its parts work or function
sodium channels open and sodium ions diffuse forward, membrane becomes de polarized, potassium channels open & potassium ions diffuse outward while sodium is actively
threshold potential
cardiovascular system
transports materials in body via blood pumped by heart
astrocytes, microglia, ependymal cells, oligodendrocytes
types of neurogila in Cns
Microscopic Anatomy
very small structures, can only be viewed with a microscope
CNS
white matter refers to myelinated fibers
