Network+ 3.1

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Interface status: Speed/Duplex mismatch

A problem that occurs when neighboring devices are using different speed or duplex configurations and results in failed transmissions.

Interface status: Protocol Packet/Byte count

Can measure how, and how much, a interface is being used

SNMP OID

Consists of a series of numbers separated by decimal points. Each variable in the MIB corresponds to the OID.

Interface status: CRCs

Cyclical Redundancy Check. - An error detection code used to detect accidental changes that can affect the integrity of data.

Network Performance Metrics: Latency

Delay between request and the response, packet capture can provide detailed analysis.

Environmental Sensors: Electrical

Device and circuit load

Environmental Sensors: Temperature

Devices need constant cooling

Interface Errors: Runts

Frames that did not meet min 64 bytes - caused by collisions

Interface Errors: Giants

Frames that exceed 1518 bytes

Network Performance Metrics: Bandwidth

Fundamental network resource, details the amount of network use over time

Environmental Sensors: Humidity Level

High humanity promotes condensation Low Humidity promotes static discharges

Interface status: Link State

If the interface is up or down - Could be a problem on the other end of the cable

Interface Errors: Encapsulation Error

Inconsistent configuration between switch where 802.1Q trunking is connected to the old ISL

Interface Errors: CRC errors

Indicates that the checksum generated by the originating LAN station or far-end device does not match the checksum calculated from the data received. - The presence of many of these errors but not many collisions is an indication of excessive noise.

Interface status: Send/receive traffic

Interfaces can have Utilization measured, discard/packed drops measured, etc

Device Performance Metrics: Temperature

Internal sensors, can be an early warning of excessive utilizations or hardware issues

MIBs

Management Information Bases - The data base related to information gathered by SNMP

Device Performance Metrics: CPU usage

Measures performance of the processors, over all performance is based on these values

Baselines

Need to know how the network performs normally to see potential deviations from the norm

Logging Severity Levels

Range from informational, to critical - Severity can be used to filter what alert is seen

Network Performance Metrics: Jitter

Real-time media is sensitive to delay, jitter is the time between frames - Excessive jitter can cause you to miss information, causing "choppy" voice calls

SNMP Traps

SNMP requires constant polling, a SNMP trap can be configured on the monitored device - After a some set number of events, the monitored device will alert the manager device

SNMP Versions

SNMP v1 - Original, structured tables, in the clear SNMP v2 - Data type enhancement, bulk transfer, in the clear SNMP v3 - Message Integrity, authentication, encryption

SNMP

Simple Network Management Protocol - Used to collect system information from a remote computer - Contains a database of data, Management Information Base (MIB) - Database contains OIDs - Poll devices over udp/161

Syslog

Standard for message logging - Usually a central logging receiver, integrated into the SIEM - Each log entry is labeled

Device Performance Metrics: Memory

The operational resource, running out of memory is a fatal event

Uptime and Downtime

Uptime and downtime describes how long a website, computer, or other system has been working (uptime) or not working (downtime). - Need to know availability

Audit Logs

Used to record which user performed an action, as well as what and when - More specific then general traffic logs

Traffic Logs

Viewable traffic information from routers, switches, firewalls, etc - Identify traffic flows and summaries - Can be very detailed, and contain important historical information

Environmental Sensors: Flooding

Water and electrical devices don't get along

NetFlow

a tool used to gather information about data flowing through a network - Will have probe and collector


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