neuro exam 3
What kind of receptors detect pain, warmth, and cold? a. cranial b. semicircular c. vestibular d. somatosensory
D
A tonotopic map refers to a(n) ___. a. auditory cortex map of sounds b. diagram of which kinds of sounds are most common in different parts of the world c. diagram comparing the different tones to which different species are sensitive d. map showing connections between the auditory cortex and the visual cortex
A
An inability to recognize objects despite otherwise satisfactory vision is called ____. a. visual agnosia b. blindsight c. prosopagnosia d. hemianopsia
A
Light from the right half of the world strikes which part of the retina? a. the left half b. the right half c. the whole retina equally d. It depends of the wavelength.
A
Somatosensory information travels from the thalamus to which area of the cortex? a. parietal lobe b. frontal lobe c. hippocampus d. limbic cortex
A
The ability to detect movement better than color in our peripheral vision is largely due to ____. a. magnocellular neurons in the periphery b. parvocellular neurons tightly packed in the periphery c. no cones in the periphery d. the strength of the eye muscles
A
The name of the point at which the optic nerve leaves the retina is called the ____. a. blind spot c. optic chiasm b. fovea d. ganglion
A
The optic nerves from the right and left eye initially meet at the ____. a. optic chiasm b. lateral geniculate nucleus c. hypothalamus d. cerebral cortex
A
The visual paths in the temporal cortex collectively are referred to as the ____. a. ventral stream b. dorsal stream c. lateral stream d. magnoparvocellular pathway
A
. The law of specific nerve energies states that ____. a. perception of a repeated stimulus fades b. every stimulation of the optic nerve is perceived as light c. the speed of action potentials varies depending on the strength of the stimulus d. any stimulation above the threshold produces an action potential
B
50. What process is predicted by the gate theory of pain? a. Pain information grows more intense as it passes each synapse on its way to the brain. b. Non-pain information can inhibit pain information. c. Intense pain can shut out all other sensory information. d. The intensity of pain experience depends entirely on the excitability of pain receptors.
B
According to the retinex theory, we perceive color by ____. a. the relative activity of three kinds of cones b. contrasting the activity in one area of the visual field with that of the others c. a red vs. green system and a yellow vs. blue system d. detecting the velocity of action potentials from the eye
B
According to the trichromatic theory of color vision ____. a. there are only three rods and three cones in each eye b. there are only three colors of light in the world c. rods are important for perception of light colors d. our perception of color depends on the relative activity of three types of cones
B
Areas bordering the primary auditory cortex are important for ____. a. detecting loudness of sounds b. analyzing the meaning of sounds c. determining location of sounds d. detecting pitch of sounds
B
Cutting the left optic nerve in front of the optic chiasm would result in blindness in the ____. a. right eye b. left eye c. peripheral vision of both eyes d. left visual field
B
If you want to see something in fine detail, you should focus the light on which part of your retina? a. the optic nerve b. the fovea c. an area containing mostly rods d. the cornea
B
Loudness is to ____ as pitch is to ____. a. frequency; intensity b. amplitude; frequency c. pitch; tone d. amplitude; intensity
B
Most auditory information is sent to which hemisphere of the brain? a. the ipsilateral side b. the contralateral side c. the left hemisphere d. It depends on whether the individual is dominant for audition in the right or the left hemisphere
B
Perception of a low tone is to ____ as perception of a high tone is to ____. a. volley principle; frequency theory b. frequency theory; place theory c. place theory; volley principle d. gate theory; frequency theory
B
The ____ of a sound is the number of compressions per second. a. pitch b. frequency c. amplitude d. loudness
B
The primary visual cortex is also known as the ____. a. lateral geniculate nucleus b. striate cortex c. area V2 d. parvocellular area
B
The sensory aspect of pain activates the ____ cortex, whereas the emotional aspect activates the ____ cortex. a. cingulate; somatosensory b. somatosensory; cingulate c. fusiform; premotor d. premotor; fusiform
B
The visual path in the parietal cortex is referred to as the ____. a. ventral stream b. dorsal stream c. parvocellular pathway d. magnocellular pathway
B
To what does "shape constancy" refer? a. All neurons within a single column have the same shape of dendritic tree. b. We can recognize objects even at different orientations. c. Objects described from memory appear more symmetrical than in reality. d. We see certain shapes the same way throughout our lives regardless of age.
B
To what lobe of the cerebral cortex is auditory information sent? a. occipital b Temporal c. parietal d. frontal
B
Vibrations in the fluid of the cochlea causes ____. a. movement of the pinna b. hair cells to displace c. vibrations of the eardrum d. vestibular input
B
Which statement is TRUE with regard to peripheral vision? a. It is very sensitive to detail. b. It is easier to recognize single objects in the periphery that are not surrounded by other objects. c. It is not very sensitive to light. d. It is most sensitive to color, which helps to differentiate multiple objects clearly.
B
Why is it important for sound vibrations to be amplified as they pass through the ear? a. The inner membrane gets less sensitive with age. b. More force is needed to create waves in fluid. c. Much of the vibration is lost in the eardrum. d. Too much is lost through friction.
B
After you stare at a bright green object for a minute and look away, you see red. Which theory attempts to explain this finding? Young-Helmholtz theory trichromatic theory opponent-process theory color-constancy theory
C
Difficulty distinguishing between ____ and ____ is the most common form of color vision deficiency. a. blue; yellow b. green; blue c. red; green d. red; blue
C
How do sound waves ultimately result in the production of receptor potentials? a. The tectorial membrane squeezes the auditory nerve. b. The basilar membrane releases neurotransmitters. c. Hair cells in the cochlea vibrate, causing ion channels to open in their membrane. d. The scala vestibuli has receptors that create action potentials.
C
In what order does visual information pass through the retina? a. receptor cells, ganglion cells, bipolar cells b. ganglion cells, bipolar cells, receptor cells c. receptor cells, bipolar cells, ganglion cells d. bipolar cells, receptor cells, ganglion cells
C
Light enters the eye through an opening in the center of the iris called the ____. a. retina c. pupil b. cornea d. macula
C
Once within the cerebral cortex, the magnocellular pathway continues, with a ventral branch sensitive to ____. a. details of shape b. facial features c. movement d. brightness
C
Parvocellular neurons most likely receive input from ____. a. magnocellular neurons b. rods c. bipolar cells that receive input from cones d. the periphery of the retina
C
Someone with prosopagnosia has difficulty with ____. a. focusing on colored objects b. seeing items located in the left visual field c. recognizing faces d. processing information from more than one sensory modality at a time
C
The eardrum is also known as the ____. a. pinna b. ossicle c. tympanic membrane d. Cochlea
C
The primary visual cortex sends its information ____. a. to the lateral geniculate nucleus b. to area V1 c. to area V2 d. back to the retina
C
The structure that we commonly refer to as the ear (on the outside of the head) is formally known as the ____. a. tympanic membrane b. stapes c. pinna d. malleus
C
What is the intensity of a sound wave called? a. frequency b. loudness c. amplitude d. tone
C
Where are the auditory receptor cells located? a. in the semicircular canal b. on the tympanic membrane c. on the basilar membrane d. in the malleus
C
Which ability would be most impaired with damage to the vestibular senses? a. Writing b. Hearing c. visually tracking an object while dancing d. discriminating salt from sugar
C
Why do humans perceive faint light better in the periphery of the eye? a. Receptors in the periphery are closer to the pupil. b. The fovea is closer to the retina's blind spot than peripheral receptors. c. More receptors in the periphery than in the fovea funnel input to each ganglion cell. d. Ganglion cells in the periphery transmit their information to a larger brain area.
C
In comparison to cones, rods ____. a. are more common toward the center of the retina b. are more sensitive to detail c. are more sensitive to dim light d. reach their peak firing levels slowly
C?
Area ____ is particularly important for color constancy. a. V1 b. V2 c. V3 d. V4
D
Axons from the lateral geniculate extend to which area of the cerebral cortex? a. precentral gyrus b. postcentral gyrus c. prefrontal cortex d. occipital lobe
D
The lateral geniculate nucleus is part of the ____. a. cerebral cortex b. superior colliculus c. inferior colliculus d. thalamus
D
The optic nerve is composed of axons from which kind of cell? a. rods and cones b. bipolar cells c. horizontal cells d. ganglion cells
D
The receptive field of a receptor is the ___. A. point at which the optic nerve exits the retina B. axon hillock C. point in space from which light strikes the receptor D. point where light shines on, and excites, the visual cortex
D