Neuroplasticity and its Effects on the Brain
Excitability
Ability to respond to stimuli
Viability
Ability to survive or function
Declarative learning
Acquisition of facts and events
Verbal learning
Acquisition of information through language
Motor learning
Acquisition of skills and habits related to movement
Activity
Action or behavior
Organized
Arranged in a structured manner
Frontothalamostriatal circuit
Brain pathway involved in procedural learning
Hippocampus
Brain region involved in declarative learning
Hippocampus
Brain region involved in generating new neurons
Medial temporal lobe
Brain region involved in memory formation
Cerebellum
Brain region involved in motor control and coordination
Limbic system
Brain regions involved in emotions and memory
Neuroplasticity
Capacity for continuous change in neurons
Neurons
Cells responsible for transmitting information in the brain
Post-mitotic cells
Cells that no longer divide
Neural stem cells
Cells with the potential to develop into neurons
CNS
Central nervous system
Hebb's Cell Assembly
Concept of interconnected neural networks in memory
Neurons that fire together, wire together
Connections between neurons strengthen with synchronous activity
Persistent
Continuing despite difficulties
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Creative Commons license allowing sharing and adaptation
Habituation
Decrease in response to repeated stimulus
Distributed aspects
Different parts connected to form a whole
Apraxia
Difficulty with motor learning and planning
Vertigo
Dizziness or spinning sensation
Prominent
Easily noticeable or important
Synaptic effectiveness
Efficiency of communication between neurons
Neuron activity
Functioning of neurons
Damage
Harm or injury
Photo
Image or picture
Young
In the early stages of development
Anterograde
Inability to form new memories
Info
Information
Procedural learning
Learning of motor skills and habits
Duration
Length of time
Synaptic connections
Links between neurons
Axons
Long fibers that transmit signals from neurons
Permanent changes
Long-lasting alterations
Retrograde
Loss of memories from the past
Amnesia
Loss of memory
Cell bodies
Main part of a neuron containing the nucleus
Disorders
Medical conditions or abnormalities
Emotional memory
Memory associated with emotions
Neuron
Nerve cell
Engram
Neural representation of a memory
Undifferentiated
Not specialized or specific
Brain
Organ responsible for cognitive functions
Cerebral cortex
Outer layer of the brain responsible for higher cognitive functions
Efficient
Performing tasks with minimal wasted effort
PNS
Peripheral nervous system
Unknown Author
Person whose identity is not known
Expert
Person with advanced knowledge or skill in a subject
Memory trace
Physical representation of a memory in the brain
Recovery from injury
Process of regaining function after damage
Learning & Memory
Processes of acquiring and retaining information
Generate
Produce or create
Mitotic characteristics
Properties related to cell division
Remember
Recall information
New neurons
Recently formed brain cells
Periodic
Recurring at regular intervals
Desensitization
Reduced sensitivity to stimulation
Decrease
Reduction or decline
Areas
Regions or parts
Vestibular
Related to the sense of balance
Tactile
Related to the sense of touch
Repetition
Repeating a stimulus or action
Practice
Repeating an activity to improve performance
Long-term memory
Retention of information over an extended period
Long-term potentiation
Strengthening of synaptic connections over time
Physiology
Study of the functions of living organisms
Glia cells
Support cells that aid in neural recovery
Silent synapse
Synapse without specialized neurotransmitter
Connections
Synaptic links between neurons
Transient Global
Temporary loss of memory and confusion
Use it or lose it
The principle that neural connections weaken without use
Astrocytes
Type of glia cell in the brain
Oligodendroglia
Type of glia cell in the central nervous system
Schwann cells
Type of glia cell in the peripheral nervous system
Implicit memory
Unconscious memory for skills and emotions
Stem cells
Undifferentiated cells with potential for development
Seconds
Units of time
Long-term depression
Weakening of synaptic connections over time
Random
Without a specific pattern or order
