New Media and Culture 100
Mega-agencies are not seen as a threat to the independence of smaller advertising firms.
True False
Temporary gaming teams usually assembled by match-making programs integrated into the game are called ______.
A) PUGs B) ninjas C) MMORPGs D) noobs E) clans
The term ______ refers to the economic situation in which a few firms dominate an industry.
A) monopoly B) corporate scaling economies C) oligarchy D) limited competition E) oligopoly
The term broadcasting was originally used in ______.
A) farming B) construction C) commercial fishing D) carpentry E) manufacturing
Magnetic audiotape and tape players first caught on in the ______.
A) 1950s B) 1940s C) 1910s D) 1890s E) 1960s
By 2015, about how many apps were available for Apple devices?
A) 35,000 B) 100,000 C) 375,000 D) 750,000 E) 1,400,000
The Atari 2600, released in 1977, used a(n) ______ processor.
A) 8-bit B) 32-bit C) 64-bit D) 128-bit E) 256-bit
Which of the following is a characteristic of public journalism?
A) A focus on the most recent events B) t follows a "he said-she said" format for reporting news. C) An emphasis on human-interest stories to attract consumers D) Journalists not only criticize communities but try to improve them. E) The complete objectivity of reporters
Which of the following best describes limited competition?
A) A single firm that dominates an industry B) A market that has many producers and sellers, but only a few products C) A few firms that dominate an industry D) A company that is limited in the way it can compete with its rivals, as in case of price fixing
Which of the following would be okay for a journalist to accept from a news source and still avoid a conflict of interest?
A) A train ride B) A meal C) Box seats for a baseball game D) A promise of greater access to important figures in exchange for positive stories E) None of the options is correct.
When the radio industry was forced to reorganize in the 1950s, which of the following was not among the changes made?
A) A turn to format-driven radio B) A greater dependence on recorded music C) Featuring top deejays during prime driving periods D) A move to reach national audiences E) The repeated playing of top songs
______ games are typically set in a fantasy or sci-fi world in which each player chooses to play as a character that specializes in a particular skill set.
A) Adventure B) Action C) Role-playing D) Strategy E) Casual
______ integrate advertisements as billboards, logos, or storefronts inside a game.
A) Advergames B) In-game advertisements C) MMORPGs D) Gamespeaks E) None of the above options is correct.
Which company became the first to sell ads on the radio?
A) American Marconi B) AT&T C) NBC D) RCA E) Westinghouse
The three major home console makers are ______.
A) Atari, Sega, and Nintendo B) Nintendo, Sega, and Microsoft C) Microsoft, Sega, and Sony D) Sony, Atari, and Nintendo E) Nintendo, Microsoft, and Sony
The notion of the press working as the Fourth Estate, or as watchdog over the government, is contained in which model of speech and expression?
A) Authoritarian B) Communist (or state) C) Libertarian D) Social responsibility E) Antiquarian
Which model of expression tolerates all forms of speech, including pornography?
A) Authoritarian B) State model C) Libertarian D) Social responsibility E) Communitarian
Why have TV broadcasters been threatened by cable?
A) Cable systems have better satellites. B) Cable systems might choose not to carry the signal of a local broadcast station. C) Since cable's inception, the FCC has favored the cable industry over the broadcasting industry. D) Cable's clearer signal and ability to target niche audiences attracted viewers away from their programming. E) Broadcasters never felt threatened by cable.
Game developer King specializes in casual games such as ______.
A) Candy Crush Saga B) Draw Something C) Bubble Island D) FarmVille E) Angry Birds
The first antitrust law, enacted in 1890, was the ______ Act.
A) Clayton Antitrust B) Celler-Kefauver C) Federal Trade Commission D) Sherman Antitrust
Which of the following statements about municipal cable television systems is false?
A) Communities can build their own municipal cable systems. B) Consumers in cities with municipal cable systems typically pay less for cable. C) There are only about a hundred municipal cable services across the country. D) In most cases, municipal cable systems are operated by community-owned nonprofit electric utilities. E) None of the options is false.
Which of the following is not true about the aftermath of the Telecommunications Act of 1996?
A) Competition from allowing regional and long-distance phone companies as well as cable companies into each other's markets has kept cable rates low. B) Consolidation of regional phone, long-distance, cable, and Internet service companies has decreased competition and left consumers with high cable bills. C) The cable industry has spent almost $150 billion installing and upgrading its technological infrastructure in the United States. D) Cable companies now bundle digital cable television, Internet, and phone services. E) All of the options are true.
What type of study looks at changes in a population over time?
A) Content analysis study B) Longitudinal study C) Agenda-setting study D) Experiment study E) Textual analysis study
Which of the following is a theory that contends that people who believe they hold minority opinions on controversial issues tend to keep silent for fear of social isolation?
A) Cultivation effect B) Agenda-setting C) Social learning D) Textual analysis E) Spiral of silence
In 1972, the FCC required cable systems to provide and fund a tier of ______ dedicated to local education, government, and the public.
A) DBS services B) must-carry rules C) access channels D) pay-per-view channels E) superstations
In 1975, Atari began successfully marketing a home version of Pong through an exclusive deal with ______.
A) Dave and Buster's B) Magnavox C) Warner D) Sears E) Chuck E. Cheese
Which of the following is one of the methods used by the Trust to control the film industry?
A) Distributing faulty movie film to other companies B) Acquiring most major film distributorships C) Signing exclusive contracts with actors D) Forcing film producers to relocate to New York E) Building the most lavish nickelodeons
Which statement best describes the relationship between small independent music labels and the huge major music labels?
A) Each survives only by trying to put the other out of business. B) The major labels are better able than indies to use downloads and streaming. C) Independent labels often rely on major labels for distribution. D) Independents distribute only mainstream music while the majors cover niche markets and discover new talent. E) There are no independent labels left because they've all been purchased or run out of business by the three major labels.
Which of the following did the linotype do?
A) Engrave photographs B) Set type mechanically C) Power the press by electricity D) Add color to the printed page E) Type lines underneath printed words
Who reportedly said, "The modern editor of the popular journal does not care for facts. The editor wants novelty"?
A) Frederick Douglass B) Justice Oliver Wendell Holmes C) Joseph Pulitzer D) Justice Hugo Black E) None of the above options is correct.
Which of the following is not a statement that describes the modern concept of hegemony?
A) Hegemony's qualities are often defined or reinforced by narratives, or stories, told in various media forms including books, movies, and television. B) Hegemony tends to portray the social, economic, and political status quo as normal and natural ways to see the world. C) Hegemony was a technique recommended by modern public relations founder Edward Bernays as a way to control public opinion. D) Hegemony is typically associated with the rise of mass media like newspapers, television, and radio.
Which of the following is not one of the basic criteria of newsworthiness?
A) Human interest B) Proximity C) Timeliness D) Conflict E) Consensus
Yahoo!'s business method has been to make itself an all-purpose entry point, or _______, to the Internet
A) ISP C) Web browser B) algorithm E) search engine D) portal
Which of the following is not one of the steps in the scientific method listed in your textbook?
A) Identifying the research problem B) Determining an appropriate research method or design C) Collecting information or relevant data D) Reviewing existing research or theories related to your problem E) Presenting the proposed research problem to companies for funding
Numerous books became best-sellers after their authors appeared on __________.
A) Inside Edition B) Home Improvement C) Oprah D) C-SPAN's Booknotes program E) 20/20
According to the textbook, what's potentially wrong with referring to a position as "common sense"?
A) It creates a context in which there is less chance for challenge and criticism. B) Social and political leaders use it as a tool to stifle changes to the status quo. C) It is a powerful tool of hegemony. D) All of the options are correct.
How might diversification be used to skirt antitrust laws?
A) It gets local communities to issue licensed monopolies, such as is the case with many local cable companies that are often the only cable company allowed to operate in a local community. B) By buying up lots of different media products, a company can avoid the appearance of monopolizing any one product, yet still be large enough that it only really competes with a handful of other similar companies. C) A company avoids U.S. antitrust laws by buying up media companies around the world. D) Employing ethnic and religious minorities tends to make regulators happy and reluctant to target companies. E) None of the options is correct.
Which of the following are ways the music industry tries to fight the illegal downloading of music?
A) It has asked P2P sites like Grokster and Kazaa to pay them a monthly fee. B) It has embraced ways for consumers to pay for legal downloading of music. C) It has convinced several major Internet service providers to help identify customers who may be illegally downloading music. D) Both B ("embraced legal downloading") and C (convinced "Internet service providers identify illegal downloaders") are correct. E) Both A (asked "P2P sites to pay a monthly fee") and B ("embraced legal downloading") are correct.
Which of the following statements about hip-hop music is true?
A) It is a broad description of music and culture that includes rapping, sampling/cutting, and deejays. B) It provides a way for artists to debate issues of gender, race, class, violence, and drugs. C) It has been criticized for lyrics that degrade women and glorify violence. D) Some of its most popular artists include Lupe Fiasco and YG. E) All of the options are correct.
According to the textbook, which of the following is not characteristic of modern journalism?
A) It tends to rely on "expert" sources for information. B) It provides little historical context in most front-page stories. C) It provides detailed interpretation and analysis of news events. D) It creates an appearance that the reporter is neutral or detached. E) All of the options are not characteristic.
Which of the following is true about the globalization of media?
A) It's more difficult for American media to reach other parts of the world. B) Globalization allows foreign companies to have more control over the media that Americans consume. C) Globalization has prevented U.S. TV channels from establishing a foothold in other countries. D) Globalization facilitates the equal development of media in both the United States and other countries. E) Globalization allows companies to recoup losses in the United States with sales overseas.
The bilingual magazine _____ is the most successful English-language publication for Hispanic women.
A) Latina B) Essence C) Vanidades D) ESPN Deportes E) None of the above options is correct.
Which of the following did not result from hiring television news consultants?
A) Local news directors purchased national prepackaged formats. B) Local news put its issues-oriented reporting at the forefront, often starting newscasts with those stories. C) A culture of "if it bleeds, it leads" developed in the industry. D) Everything from music to opening graphics developed a similar look across the country. E) Standards of appearance for news anchors became even more rigid.
Which of the following is an example of synergy by Disney?
A) Merging with Pixar in 2006 B) Starting Buena Vista in 1953 C) Creating a movie series from its popular theme-park ride Pirates of the Caribbean D) Hiring Michael Eisner to lead a new management team in 1984 E) Opening Disneyland Paris in 1991
Which of the following is not a change the Internet has wrought upon traditional journalism?
A) News reporters are increasingly required to have video and audio elements in their stories. B) News consumers can more often see entire interviews instead of only sound bites. C) Both print and TV news can continually update breaking news stories online. D) Journalists might rely too heavily on Internet research rather than physically going to investigate stories. E) E-mail interviews allow journalists to get more spontaneity out of interview subjects.
In virtual gaming communities, clueless beginners are called ______.
A) PUGs B) ninjas C) MMORPGs D) noobs E) clans
In virtual gaming communities, players who snatch loot out of turn and then leave the group are called ______.
A) PUGs B) ninjas C) MMORPGs D) noobs E) clans
Which statement best indicates how inventors and government offices were able to establish who was responsible for early developments in radio technology?
A) Patents clearly indicate who invented what piece of technology first. B) Only Italians and Americans were interested in early broadcasting. C) Inventors respected other inventors out of a sense of professional courtesy. D) The early days of radio were heavily regulated, and therefore clearly documented, by government officials. E) Simultaneous and independent discoveries, along with competing claims for patents, often had inventors going to court over their inventions.
The two publishers most associated with yellow journalism in the late 1800s were ______.
A) Penn and Teller B) Pulitzer and Hearst C) Ochs and Pulitzer D) Hearst and Zukor E) Rowan and Martin
Which of the following eras of journalism best represents the historical arrival of newspapers as a mass medium?
A) Penny press B) Partisan press C) Literary journalism D) Interpretive reporting E) None of the above options is correct.
The first home television game, called Odyssey, was developed by ______.
A) Ralph Baer B) Nolan Bushnell C) Magnavox D) Thomas T. Goldsmith and Estle Ray Mann E) Shigeru Miyamoto
The Pentagon Papers case involved which of the following legal concerns?
A) Reporters were infringing on the copyrights of the Pentagon. B) Reporters were making unfair use of Pentagon documents. C) Newspapers were libeling the president and his administration by exposing their lies. D) The president should have the absolute privilege to block newspapers from publishing unflattering material. E) Whether or not the government has the right to censor a newspaper and prevent publication in the interest of national security
Claiming over 25 million unique monthly visitors, _____ is currently the leading online magazine.
A) Salon B) Slate C) Wonderwall D) com E) Elle Girl
Which of the following have instant books been accused of?
A) Shoddy binding and paper quality B) Giving too much historical perspective on events C) Being too similar to made-for-TV movies D) Exploiting tragedies for quick profits E) None of the above options is correct.
Which of the following is true about the ways studios generate revenue today?
A) Studios get paid to feature products in a movie. B) Studios make money by distributing movies made by independent filmmakers. C) Studios share box office receipts with theater operators. D) Studios get a cut from movie rentals and DVD and Blu-ray sales. E) All of the options are correct.
Why have local TV newscasts developed a similar look since the 1970s?
A) TV news directors copied each other. B) Local news programs became syndicated. C) Stations hired news consultants, who advised them to buy national prepackaged formats. D) Technology dictated that news programs look alike. E) Studies showed that there was only way the news could logically be delivered to viewers.
Digital games evolved from their simplest forms in the arcade into which of the following formats?
A) Television B) The Internet C) Handheld devices D) Computers E) All of the options are correct.
Which of the following technologies did not cause major changes in the radio industry?
A) Television B) The Internet C) The transistor D) FM transmitters E) The telegraph
Which of the following could help a journalist resolve a moral or ethical dilemma?
A) The Golden Rule, translated as treating others as you would want to be treated B) Aristotle's ideal of the "golden mean" C) Kant's principle that you should at all times stick to universal codes of behavior, such as honesty D) Bentham's and Mill's principle of doing the greatest good for the greatest number E) All of the options are correct.
Which of the following is the oldest printed book still in existence?
A) The Gutenberg Bible B) The Bay Psalm Book C) Wang Chieh's Diamond Sutra D) Plato's Republic E) Chaucer's Canterbury Tales
In an early attempt to monopolize the film industry, inventor Thomas Edison formed ______.
A) The Motion Picture Monopoly of America B) General Electric C) The Edison Oligopoly Company D) Paramount Studios E) The Motion Picture Patents Company
What advantage does smartphone advertising have over Internet advertising?
A) The ads are smaller so advertisers don't have to write as much copy. B) People will definitely see a smartphone ad because they are always checking their phones. Correct! C) Smartphone ads can be tailored to a specific geographic location or user demographic. D) Smartphone ads need to be more general. E) None of the options is correct.
Which of the following is one definition given in the textbook for the term media convergence?
A) The consolidation of different mass media holdings under one corporate umbrella D) A concentrated and organized stream of Internet traffic to one site for the purpose of crashing it B) The appropriation of American products by foreign advertisers C) The gathering of multiple press figures at a media event such as a press conference E) None of the above options is correct.
While the Internet has provided many new tools for journalists, what is a potential Internet pitfall for reporters?
A) The enormous amount of information on the Web makes it harder to copy the work of other journalists. B) Print journalists are being told to focus on reporting and leave video and camera work to others. C) The enormous amount of information available on databases and other sites can keep reporters at their desks rather than out in the community finding stories and cultivating sources. D) Journalists are allowed to tell their story via only one medium. E) None of the above options is correct
Which of the following is not considered a consequence of the printing press?
A) The rise of the middle class C) An increased sense of community and mutual cooperation D) A decline of religious authority B) The concept of the nation-state E) An increase in literacy rates
The very earliest uses of Marconi's wireless radio were for ______.
A) military and commercial shipping B) gossip and shipping C) advertising and the military D) entertainment and ads E) playing rock-and-roll records
Which one of the following is an example of media convergence?
A) The tendency of news media to focus on local stories B) The use of tablets to access different forms of traditional media, like books and movies E) The idea that every media format will eventually be replaced by another D) The way media coverage tends to follow a mob mentality in reporting C) The theory that there are more and more media outlets
Which of the following is not a reason Life and Look magazines went out of business in the early 1970s?
A) Their paid circulation had plummeted, with the magazines falling out of the Top 10 magazines in the nation. B) Advertisers were shifting their money toward television. C) Postage rates had increased for oversized magazines. D) They had relatively small supermarket sales. E) They were being sold for far less than the cost of production.
Which statement best reflects the progress of U.S. labor unions over the last seventy years?
A) They have experienced steady growth and now represent 35 percent of workers. B) After being painted as "socialist," they saw their enrollment suffer badly through the 1940s, 1950s, and 1960s, but they have rebounded strongly in the last thirty years. C) Enrollment seems to rise and fall each decade, but with an overall peak since the turn of the twenty-first century. D) They have benefited greatly from the steady influx of manufacturing away from other countries. E) They grew steadily following World War II, peaked in the 1950s when about a third of Americans belonged to a union, then have watched their numbers dwindle as more manufacturing jobs move overseas.
By the end of the nineteenth century, crusading newspapers like the New York World had what kind of approach to women's rights?
A) They were against them. B) They championed conservative values and the status quo. C) They hired women as reporters and crusaded for better conditions for women. D) They hired mostly women for management positions. E) None of the above options is correct.
One way to understand net neutrality is as a debate between which of the following groups?
A) Those who think the government needs to guarantee equal speed and access for all Internet services and content, and those who think the government should let companies charge whatever they want B) Those who think the Internet is an essential utility like water or electricity (and needs more regulation), and those who think of it as an information service like cable TV (and needs less regulation) C) Those who want to see the FCC continue to push for strong net neutrality rules, and those who want to overturn the regulations that do exist D) Those who want the same rules for broadband and wireless connections, and those who think wireless connections should be exempt from certain rules E) All of the options are correct
Which division of the book industry makes the most money?
A) Trade books B) Textbooks C) Professional books D) Mass market paperbacks E) Reference books
Which of the following is not one of the six major film conglomerates today?
A) United Artists B) Warner Brothers C) Disney D) Columbia Pictures E) Universal
The ______ merger is considered the biggest media merger failure ever.
A) Universal Music Group and EMI B) Time Warner and Turner Broadcastin C) Sirius and XM D) Disney and ABC E) AOL and Time Warner
Which of the following is the best-selling book of all time?
A) Various versions of the Bible B) Better Homes and Gardens Cookbook C) Baby and Child Care by Dr. Benjamin Spock D) Peyton Place by Grace Metalious E) Twilight by Stephanie Meyer
Which of the following companies owns YouTube?
A) Viacom B) General Electric C) Google D) Disney E) AOL
Electronics manufacturer Sony makes one of the top three most popular consoles, the ______.
A) Wii B) PlayStation C) Nintendo D) Atari E) Xbox
A Japanese form of graphic novels is called ______.
A) a codex B) a dime novel C) manga D) pulp E) el-hi
Cultural imperialism is ______.
A) a concept in journalism ethics that argues that journalists must know the culture they are reporting on B) the theory that globalization is good for media, since it makes media more culturally diverse C) the idea that large and powerful countries can dominate and even change the culture of smaller countries through media D) the argument that people are more affected by the media that is familiar to them E) the process of colonization of smaller and weaker countries by larger and more powerful countries
Gaming emerged as an online, multiplayer social activity with the introduction of the Sega Dreamcast in 1999, the first console to feature ______.
A) a motion-sensing controller B) 3-D graphics C) a built-in modem D) joysticks E) All of the options are correct.
The idea of absolute privilege refers to the ______.
A) ability of reporters to print or broadcast anything they want B) ability of the very rich to hire lawyers to sue anybody who libels them C) ability of prosecutors to accuse defendants of crimes in court without risking libel D) the federal shield laws that allow a reporter to keep a source confidential E) way in which college students and professors can use small portions of a written work, as long as they use the proper citation
Under the studio system ______.
A) actors were independent contractors who could work for any studio B) movies were made using an assembly-line process C) the studios had no control over the private lives of their creative talent D) producers were hired to direct the pictures E) All of the options are correct.
Angry Birds is an example of a(n) ______ game.
A) adventure B) action C) role-playing D) strategy E) casual
In an ad showing a salesman talking about how his father taught him to be honest and hardworking and to understand the value of treating people fairly, auto manufacturer Ford demonstrates ______.
A) an appeal to the bandwagon effect B) propaganda C) the plain-folks pitch D) the famous-person testimonial E) myth analysis
State leaders believe the press should serve the goals of the state in the ______ model.
A) authoritarian B) communist C) libertarian D) social responsibility E) seditious
Early European magazines were oriented toward _____.
A) broad political commentary B) discussions of women's issues C) medical and health advice D) hunting and fishing tips E) recent news
Pinball gained mainstream acceptance and popularity after World War II with the addition of the ______.
A) cathode ray tube B) Kinetoscope C) television D) flipper bumper E) penny arcade
Among magazines that target audiences by age, the most dramatic recent success has come from those aimed at _____.
A) children B) tweens C) young adults D) adults over fifty E) thirty- to forty-year-olds
The U.S. government banned boxing films from being transported from state to state in 1912 because of concerns about ______.
A) children watching the violent images of boxing B) people betting on the fights C) images of the first black heavyweight being perceived as a threat by the white community D) the movies making the "low-class" sport too popular E) All of the options are correct.
The significant trends in major mainstream media economics today are ______.
A) community ownership and civic action B) specialization and synergy C) partisanship and deference D) national ownership and community action E) dramatically greater diversity in ownership
Publishers employ ______ to seek out and sign authors to contracts.
A) copy editors B) acquisitions editors C) book agents D) developmental editors E) sales representatives
Section 315 of the 1934 Communications Act requires broadcast stations to ______.
A) cover all sides of a controversy B) give all qualified political candidates an equal opportunity to obtain airtime C) provide response time for individuals attacked in a broadcast editorial D) provide educational programming for children E) serve the public interest of their audiences
The textbook suggests that the best way for journalists to reach ethical decisions might be ____.
A) dealing with complex issues as they arise on a case-by-case basis B) leaving all decisions to senior management C) discussing the issue with friends outside the profession D) choosing one ethical model (such as Aristotle's) and sticking with it absolutely E) always assuming that the public's need to know outweighs all other concerns
According to the textbook, as e-books become more popular, consumers who use them might expect to see ______.
A) e-books that will look and feel more like print books B) very few changes from current e-books C) e-books with embedded video, hyperlinks, and dynamic content D) e-books that will look and feel more like magazines E) All of the options are correct.
Many books from the Middle Ages were called illuminated manuscripts because they were ______.
A) elaborately decorated with colorful designs and illustrations B) printed using reflective ink C) burned in castle fireplaces to honor God D) read aloud in the town square by scholars who explained, or illuminated, the text E) None of the above options is correct.
In our market economy, citizens have ______, but not very much control over the types of products they might actually want.
A) enormous power B) freedom from thought C) consumer choice D) economic maximization
The value of favoring the small over the large and the rural over the urban is called
A) ethnocentrism B) individualism C) responsible capitalism D) small-town pastoralism E) All of the options are correct.
Modern journalism started to develop in the nineteenth century mainly because newspapers ______.
A) felt a social responsibility to tell the truth B) realized there were two sides to every issue C) discovered a scientific method for covering events D) wanted to attract as many readers and advertisers as possible E) All of the options are correct.
In 1976, Congress extended the copyright period to ______.
A) fifteen years B) fifty years, or seventy-five years for a corporate copyright owner C) the life of the author plus twenty-five years D) the life of the author plus fifty years, or seventy-five years for a corporate copyright owner E) None of the above options is correct.
The ______ is the blueprint or roughly drawn comic strip of a potential ad.
A) focus group B) storyboard C) VALS strategy D) PSA E) space broker
The most traditional pay model in the electronic game industry is the ______ model.
A) free-to-play B) subscription C) boxed game/retail D) superstore E) None of the above options is correct.
Magazines like J-14 and AARP The Magazine that target a certain age group represent a form of ______.
A) globalization B) partisanship C) ageism D) specialization E) synergy
Ad-libbed or scripted banter that goes on among local news anchors, reporters, meteorologists, and sports reporters before and after news reports is called ______.
A) happy talk B) crime blocks C) pretty-face D) sound bites E) talking heads
Objective journalism as championed by Adolph Ochs and the New York Times was particularly good at ______.
A) helping readers understand the complexities of the modern age by offering insightful analysis and context B) moving the practice of journalism out of the realm of sensationalism C) exploring journalism's ties to storytelling by adopting a more literary model D) appealing to working-class readers E) All of the options are correct.
Supporters of public journalism argue that insisting journalists are "value-neutral" ______.
A) helps bolster the actual professionalism and objectivity of journalists B) creates a sense of greater trust by the public in the journalism profession C) actually results in less credibility with the public D) will help the news remain fair and unbiased E) is a true reflection of the values held by all journalists
The textbook uses the news coverage of urban illegal drug problems as an example of ______.
A) how the amount of coverage a social problem gets in the news is tied to the actual severity of that problem B) how journalists overall are good at providing context for ongoing social problems C) how news coverage can fail to offer strong continuing coverage of long-term social problems, considering them old news D) how journalists can go undercover to get information E) how journalists all tend to cover the same topics over and over again
Government deregulation and corporate strategy are leading to a mass media industry controlled by ______.
A) hundreds of small companies B) monopolies C) oligopolies D) regional conglomerates
The data-linking feature that allows Internet users to skip directly from a highlighted word to a related file in another computer system is called _______.
A) hypertext B) convergence D) Net shorthand C) spamming E) e-mail
The dominant form of Web advertising is ______.
A) interstitials B) pop-up and pop-under ads C) paid search advertising D) spam E) viral videos
Johannes Gutenberg is remembered for ______.
A) inventing paper B) developing the printing press C) inventing the codex D) translating the Canterbury Tales into English E) translating the Bible into English
Folk music ______.
A) is mostly acoustic music that is historically popular with authority figures B) is a genre with a rich history of protest lyrics and a focus on social and political issues C) used electric guitars and loud drum solos to establish its distinctive sound D) was at the heart of the payola scandals of the 1950s E) has its roots as music composed and written down by so-called "Tin Pan Alley"
For public figures to successfully sue for libel, they must prove "actual malice," which means the news medium ______.
A) knew the statement was false but published it anyway B) published a true statement with the intention of hurting the public figure C) was reckless with the public figure's privacy rights D) had long harbored ill will toward and dislike for the public figure E) has a reputation for being mean-spirited
Historically, one controversial use of the association principle in advertising is ______.
A) large corporations trying to pretend they are smaller, friendlier companies B) women being portrayed as stereotyped caricatures C) the use of celebrities to sell products D) commercials playing on the insecurities of consumers to make them think a product can reduce that anxiety E) the placement of brand-name products in television programs and movies
Journalism critics say the quest for balance presents some problems, including ______.
A) leading to stories that misrepresent complex issues as two-sided dramas B) disguising that quotes may be selected for the purpose of drama instead of fairness C) serving business interests rather than journalistic interests D) failing to represent those who hold a middle position E) All of the options are correct.
The textbook suggests that closing newspaper bureau offices ______.
A) means a better, more detailed, and more diverse view of news events for consumers B) means fewer stories and fewer versions of stories about important issues and events C) means newspapers are hiring more reporters to staff their central news offices D) means newspapers are cutting their arts or culture sections E) None of the above options is correct.
The first proto-modern book, which used sheets of material sewn together at the edges to allow the book to be opened at any page, was called ______.
A) papyrus B) parchment C) a codex D) an illuminated manuscript E) vellum
An example of Carey's description of communication as culture might be seen in ______.
A) people gathering in meeting houses to talk about issues like free speech B) the way a message goes simply from sender to receiver C) the attempts to repair and transform society through adjusted narratives and symbols following the Civil Rights protests of the 1950s and 1960s D) how culture disconnects from the communication of a period in time E) All of the options are correct.
From the perspective of myth analysis, the primary purpose of most contemporary consumer advertising is to ______.
A) provide price information B) compare the product with its competitors C) describe the product's ingredients D) reassure buyers that using brand-name products will help them deal with their tensions and problems E) None of the above options is correct.
Scoop behavior, in which reporters stake out a house or chase celebrities, is called ______.
A) situational ethics B) herd journalism C) individualism D) conflict of interest E) yellow journalism
According to the textbook, some print journalism observers think one piece of good news for the industry is ______.
A) small papers that focus on local news and ads retain a loyal reader base B) large corporate chains have numerous divisions to spread costs across C) college graduates entering the print journalism field are looking for job openings D) newspaper sales are increasing in North America and Europe E) None of the above options is correct.
The billion-dollar mergers and takeovers that swept the mass media in the 1990s were possible because of ______.
A) speculation on Wall Street B) the collapse of communism C) the rise of the World Wide Web D) deregulation
Hidden or disguised print or visual messages are called ______.
A) subliminal advertising B) slogans C) public service announcements D) saturation advertising E) spam
U.S. film viewing decreased during the 1950s because ______.
A) television cornered the family market B) novelties like 3-D didn't work C) Americans chose to spend their money on refrigerators rather than movie tickets D) Americans were getting married earlier in life, which meant fewer movie dates E) All of the options are correct.
In the TV freeze of 1948-1952, ______.
A) the FCC halted technological experiments in order to decide on a workable model for American color television B) a number of television stations froze new programming in order to make decisions about sponsorship issues and advertising C) advertisers boycotted television programming as a way of ensuring their own monopolies D) the FCC declared a freeze on new licenses because of concerns about frequency-interference problems E) the monopolies of a few television corporations prevented others from entering the field, putting a freeze on broadcasting competition
The first English work to be printed in book form was ______.
A) the Gutenberg Bible B) The Whole Book of Psalms C) Diamond Sutra by Wang Chieh D) Chaucer's Canterbury Tales E) None of the above options is correct.
The key to the success of e-books has been ______.
A) the creation of an e-reader that has a comfortable-to-read display B) the creation of an e-reader that was affordable for a large audience C) having a large number of titles available electronically D) making e-books less expensive than hardcover copies E) All of the options are correct.
In the textbook and lecture, the term wage gap refers to ______.
A) the downsizing of traditional newsrooms, with fewer reporters earning much higher salaries! B) the rapidly growing difference in compensation between average wage earners and top corporate executives C) the gap between union salaries in the 1950s and the 2000s D) the shrinking gap in pay between hourly and salaried employees
The concept of synergy can best be described as ______.
A) the power of a new media development as it displaces old, less technologically advanced media B) several media subsidiaries working under one corporate umbrella to promote different versions of a media product C) the development of shopping-mall bookstores to boost book sales D) the development of more multimediated ways to distribute books E) the ability of one culture to dominate another
The 1998 tobacco industry settlement in the United States prohibited ______.
A) the use of cartoon images like Joe Camel in tobacco advertising B) the use of human images, like the Marlboro man, in tobacco advertising C) the sale of U.S. tobacco products to Third World nations D) all chewing tobacco by 2004 E) the tobacco industry's lobbying of Congress
The success of British groups in America in the 1960s led to ______.
A) the verification that the performers themselves could write and produce popular music well B) the German Invasion led by artists like the Scorpions C) the acceptance of later British artists like OneRepublic and Radiohead D) the sale of American popular music recordings in Europe E) None of the above options is correct.
The question "Why do we use the media?" is often asked under the ______ model.
A) uses and gratifications B) selective exposure and retention C) hypodermic-needle D) marketing research E) propaganda analysis
When a media conglomerate can use the magazines, newspapers, and television and radio stations it owns to promote a movie, this is known as ______.
A) vertical integration B) megaplexing C) rapport D) synergy E) multitasking
The Hollywood Ten are famous for ______.
A) violating the film production code in the 1950s B) trying to pool patents and control the film industry C) being the leading film stars of the silent era D) refusing to testify before the House Un-American Activities Committee E) giving up names of suspected communist sympathizers during the communist witch-hunts of the 1940s and 1950s
In advertising, ______ coordinate the views and needs of clients, the creative team, and consumers to create an effective marketing strategy.
A) writers B) space brokers C) account planners D) media doctors E) media buyers
Which of the following statements about audio books is true?
Audio books are now downloadable to iPods and other portable devices. B) Audio books offer a valuable service to sightless and vision-impaired readers. C) Regular readers enjoy audio books during daily commutes or long drives. D) The number of audio books borrowed from libraries soared in the 1990s and early 2000s. E) All of the options are correct.
According to your textbook, which of the following is a consequence of the quick development of new technologies in the digital era?
B) Cyberbullying and phishing A) We no longer use older technologies like the radio. E) None of the above options is correct. D) Traditional leaders in communication have lost some control over information. C) Traditional leaders in communication have even more control over information.
What is one concern identified in the textbook about the future of news content available through Internet news search sites like Google?
C) It seems likely that newspapers will block their material from search engines. D) Newspapers, radio stations, and television stations don't like the Internet. E) All of the options are correct. B) Who will pay for quality news content? A) People aren't interested in reading the news online.
Hypertext inventor Tim Berners-Lee published an article in 2001 that introduced the idea of the _______.
C) Semantic Web A) World Wide Web E) smartphone D) ISP B) voice recognition assistant
Which of the following statements about Wiki Web sites is true?
C) The most notable example of a Wiki Web site is Wikipedia, the online encyclopedia that is mostly written by users. D) Information on Wiki Web sites is highly reliable and always accurate. B) Wiki Web sites peaked in the early 1990s, but are now irrelevant. A) The posting of information to Wiki Web sites is closely guarded and controlled by a small group of people. E) All of the options are correct.
Which of the following statements best describes how the textbook characterizes the interaction of media and society?
C) Violent movies and song lyrics cause school violence, not media. D) How much media really shape society is unknown. A) Media are definitely the cause of society's problems. B) Media are just a mirror that reflects what is already in society. E) None of the above options is correct.
Which of the following statements about Google is false?
D) Google makes most of its money by selling advertising. E) Google has expanded far beyond being a search engine by offering e-mail, mapping, and numerous other services. B) Google is an example of a successful digital age media company. A) Google makes most of its money by generating original content. C) Google is used to locate both "new" and "old" media content.
Which statement about the business model of Google is true?
D) The majority of Google's revenue comes from selling its cloud-based word processing program. C) Google is a nonprofit organization dedicated to universal access to information. B) Google makes the majority of its money from pay-per-click advertisements. E) None of the above options is correct. A) Google makes the majority of its money from subscription fees.
The World Wide Web was developed in _______.
E) 2007 D) 2000 A) the late 1980s B) 1993 C) the late 1990s
Which one of the following statements about media convergence is not true?
E) All of the options are correct. A) Consumers can now access television shows, newspapers, and books on their computers. B) Convergence took off at the same time as the rise of the personal computer industry in the 1970s. D) Consumers often use more than one device to access media content. C) Consumers now have the ability to access Internet-distributed content through their television sets.
Most media companies spread out their holdings among various types of mass media rather than trying to control one medium, to avoid monopoly charges.
True False
Must-carry rules require cable operators to assign channels to and carry all local TV broadcasts on their systems.
True False
Newspaper editors feel that the public's right to know always outweighs other issues, including national security.
True False
Oligopoly is the term for a business situation in which a few firms control most of an industry; film studios and record labels are examples.
True False
One of the benefits of online advertising is that it tends to protect the privacy of consumers who use the Internet.
True False
One of the biggest launches of any media product ever was the release of Grand Theft Auto V, which made more than $1 billion in its first three days.
True False
One of the triumphs of the Internet is that it allows the digital passage of banned books into nations where printed versions have been outlawed.
True False
One twentieth-century trend associated with advertising was the transition from a producer to a consumer society.
True False
Online newspaper stories have to be briefer and more streamlined than the print version.
True False
Only wealthy political candidates can afford to have a significant advertising presence on television.
True False
Payola is the practice of record promoters paying deejays to play certain songs on the air.
True False
Postmodern culture questions the value of scientific reasoning and rational thought for solving society's problems.
True False
President Theodore Roosevelt criticized magazine journalists who exposed corruption in government and business by calling them muckrakers.
True False
Pulp fiction was another name for the popular paperbacks and dime novels of the 1880s.
True False
Reality TV shows cost more for networks and cable to make than sitcoms or dramas.
True False
Sales of religious books have dropped substantially over the past twenty years.
True False
Satirical news shows like The Daily Show and The Colbert Report only seek to entertain, not inform, viewers.
True False
Since its debut in 1990, the NC-17 movie rating has been a commercially successful rating for films with adult content.
True False
Six studios dominate the U.S. film business.
True False
Social psychology studies measure public attitudes.
True False
Some advertisers and companies have canceled ads when a magazine featured an unflattering or critical article about a company or industry.
True False
Specialized magazines outside the mainstream publish information and viewpoints for readers not served by other media channels.
True False
Starting around 2005, large newspaper chains responded to the decline in newspaper circulation by buying up more newspapers and increasing newsroom staff.
True False
Synergy typically refers to the promotion and sale of different versions of a media product across the various subsidiaries of a media conglomerate.
True False
TV host Ed Sullivan promoted the career of the Beatles, but he considered the Rolling Stones "bad boys."
True False
Television networks have been known to refuse to air issue-based advertising that might upset their traditional advertisers.
True False
The 1996 Telecommunications Act allows cable companies to offer telephone service, but the phone companies are not permitted to enter the cable TV business.
True False
The American Marconi Company had trouble developing as a business after World War I in part because the U.S. Navy did not want a foreign-controlled company wielding so much power in the field of emergent radio technologies.
True False
The BlackBerry was the first popular Internet-capable smartphone in the United States.
True False
The Children's Television Act of 1990 severely limits program-length commercials and ads promoting sugar-coated cereal.
True False
The FCC can fine broadcast stations any amount it sees fit for indecent incidents.
True False
The Motion Picture Patents Company was established in 1908 to share film technology with independent filmmakers.
True False
The Saturday Evening Post continued the muckraking tradition—especially by criticizing business corruption—into the 1920s.
True False
The aim of early radio networks such as CBS and NBC was to serve the public interest.
True False
The average magazine contains about 45 percent ad copy and 55 percent editorial material.
True False
The case of Richard Jewell and the Olympic Park bombing in 1996 demonstrates the danger of journalists' not independently verifying what they report.
True False
The cultivation effect theory suggests that heavy viewing of television leads individuals to perceive the world in ways that are more consistent with television's portrayals of the world.
True False
The development of book superstores in the 1980s reinvigorated book sales.
True False
The era of downsizing coincided with an increase in workers who belong to labor unions.
True False
The first motion pictures were watched by only one person at a time.
True False
The first printed books were so inexpensive and modest that they were primarily sold to the middle and lower classes.
True False
The government trend toward business deregulation gained serious momentum during the Kennedy and Johnson Administrations.
True False
The idea of the public sphere, defined as a space for critical public debate, was first advanced by American media critic Walter Lippmann.
True False
The most inexperienced game players join organized groups called guilds or clans.
True False
The most ubiquitous digital game distributors are Apple's App Store and Google Play.
True False
The nation's largest broadcast group owns more than eight hundred radio stations.
True False
The perspective in strategy games is first-person.
True False
The public journalism movement asks reporters to remain detached from their communities and avoid involvement that could reveal a point of view.
True False
The purpose of antitrust laws is to encourage diversity and competition in the marketplace.
True False
The record industry groomed singers Jerry Lee Lewis, Chuck Berry, and Little Richard as replacements for rebellious rock and rollers like Frankie Avalon and Ricky Nelson.
True False
The word broadcasting derives from the steel industry, in part because KDKA in Pittsburgh was one of the first stations to begin using radio as a mass medium.
True False
Though they resemble newspapers, supermarket tabloids are considered to be a type of magazine.
True False
Tobacco ads disappeared from American television in 1971.
True False
Unlike most other forms of mass media, book publishing has avoided being dominated by a few huge corporations.
True False
Until 2009, the best-selling video game of all time was Super Mario Bros.
True False
WPP is one of the four global mega-agencies that control over half the world's advertising revenues.
True False
Walter Lippmann's Public Opinion is considered by many academics to be "the founding book in American media studies."
True False
With the establishment of the Corporation for Public Broadcasting in 1967, nonprofit radio and television stations no longer had to ask their audiences for financial support.
True False
More than half of each hour of network television includes some form of paid sponsorship.
True Half
The Marlboro cigarette brand was originally designed for and targeted at female consumers.
True Half
A high-low vertical hierarchy is a more multidimensional way of looking at culture than viewing culture as a map.
True False
One of the main problems in studying the effects of media is that whatever real effects the media cause, they also often serve as a scapegoat for larger social problems.
True False
Students who quote and cite a copyrighted source in a term paper for class are technically violating the law.
True False
The Internet is owned and operated by the federal government, which has the power to shut it down when necessary.
True False
The senders of messages often have little control over how their messages will be received.
True False
Documentaries generally avoid controversial or unpopular subject matter.
True False
Facebook uses profile information to deliver targeted and personalized ads to its users.
True False
For the first half of the twentieth century, local and state film review boards were considered constitutional.
True False
Forty-three percent of U.S. gamers play games on smartphones.
True False
Game publishers are legally required to submit games to the ESRB rating system.
True False
Georges Méliès made the first western, The Great Train Robbery.
True False
Government controls over business were drastically weakened during the presidency of Ronald Reagan (1981-1989).
True False
Grunge music became a significant form of rock and roll in the early nineties as a result of a breakthrough album by Nirvana.
True False
Herbert Gans found that beliefs like ethnocentrism and small-town pastoralism consistently affect American journalists' judgment.
True False
In 1948, the FCC approved 10-watt FM stations, allowing more people to participate in radio.
True False
In America, most woman movie directors have first been successful actresses or scriptwriters.
True False
In TV syndication, barter deals are usually arranged for new or untested shows.
True False
In about half of the states, local school districts determine which textbooks will be used by their students.
True False
In an effort to attract more viewers, the four major TV networks have reduced the number of commercials aired during prime time.
True False
In the publishing industry, advance money is an early payment to the author that is then deducted from the author's royalties on book sales.
True False
Internet advertising is growing at a relatively slow pace of only 1 to 2 percent a year.
True False
Internet radio stations pay a licensing fee to broadcast copyrighted music.
True False
Inventor Lee De Forest developed a vacuum tube capable of detecting and amplifying radio signals.
True False
Joseph Pulitzer's New York World sent star reporter Nellie Bly around the world in seventy-two days to beat the fictional "record" set in the popular Jules Verne novel Around the World in Eighty Days.
True False
Journalism is a scientific and objective method of communication.
True False
Journalists routinely straddle a line between the public's right to know and a person's right to privacy.
True False
Libel is a right guaranteed by the First Amendment.
True False
McGuffey's The Eclectic Reader taught most nineteenth-century elementary school children to read.
True False
A 2013 study found that females are two to three times more likely than males to become addicted to video games.
True False
A consensus narrative is a type of movie that seeks a small, select, niche audience.
True False
A monopoly exists when a small number of firms control an industry, either nationally or locally.
True False
ARPAnet is a browser.
True False
According to historians, advertising has existed since 3000 BCE, when wooden or stone signs were placed outside shops in ancient Babylon.
True False
According to modern reporting rituals, journalists must rely on outside expert sources for information, even if they are experts on a subject themselves.
True False
Ads that portray women as sex objects exemplify the association principle.
True False
Alternative magazines such as the Progressive and the National Review have historically defined themselves in terms of gender and race.
True False
An inverted-pyramid lead, carefully attributed sources, and limited use of adverbs and adjectives are the hallmarks of a neutral news story.
True False
Because of the backlash against social networking Web sites, advertisers are moving their advertising dollars back to traditional media outlets like television and radio.
True False
Bookstores must absorb the cost of any new books they don't sell.
True False
By presenting both sides of a controversy, reporters always ensure that the news story is fair and balanced.
True False
By the late 1820s, the average newspaper cost eighteen cents per copy.
True False
Commercial speech is a right guaranteed by the First Amendment.
True False