NEW TESTAMENT FINAL REVIEW

Know the primary purpose of the Gospels

It was needed because it was impossible to disseminate the message quickly, widely, and reliably via the spoken word alone.

Why does the Bible need interpretation?

It was written in a different time, culture, and language. Its message is foreign to us, so we must carefully interpret it in order to avoid imposing our own views on it. Maturing believers should develop a more advanced understanding of the gospel though interpretation.

Cite five reasons why the Gospels were written.

1) the speed and extent of the spread of the message 2) apostles aged and passed away 3) early believers were looking to the future 4) inauthentic or distorted accounts were beginning to make their appearance 5) factual material to use in the instruction of new converts

What is canon? What are the four measurements?

1. Apostolicity- written by an apostel or close person 2. Orthodoxy- makes sense with the other teachings 3. Catholicity- wide-spread 4. Antiquity- longstanding in use

Give five characteristics of a sound hermeneutic for interpreting scripture.

1. sees NT in light of OT 2. many people saw the story of Jesus 3. Acts story was widespread 4. story of epistles settings appied to verious settings 5. will culminate one day in comsmic judment

Give three reasons for a special study of the New Testament canon.

1. to understand art and culture 2. to transform your life 3. to not misinterpret the text.

Elwell and Yarbrough discuss this reason to study the New Testament (Chapter 1).

All of the above

Be able to identify the Seleucid king who instigated the forced Hellenization which led up to the Maccabean revolt

Antiochus IV Epiphanes

The Maccabean revolt refers to a Jewish uprising against the Seleucids in response to this king's policies which included forced Hellenization and suppression of Jewish culture and religion (Chapter 2).

Antiochus IV Epiphanes

Jewish texts that provide historical and religious information

Apocrypha

What did Justin Martyr call the New testament

Apostolic Memoirs

J.J. Griesbach

Argued Matthew first, then Luke, then Mark. Came up with the term "Synoptic Gospel."

Reader Response Criticism

An approach to literature that focuses on the reader rather than the work itself, by attempting to describe what goes on in the reader's mind during the reading of a text.

Pseudepigrapha

Ancient books from the same time frame as the books of the Bible, especially the New Testament. The Church decided these books were not inspired by God and could not be included in the canon of the Bible.

Know which Gospels can be directly linked to an apostle

Matthew, Mark, and John

David Wallance

Most of the disciples were probably bilingual

What does "testament" mean in the titles "Old Testament" and "New Testament"?

Covenant "Old" and "New" Covenant

Although the Gospel According to Matthew presents Jesus as having perhaps some limited authority over nature, it does NOT present him has having supreme authority (Chapter 4).

False

Most scholars agree that Jesus was born sometime in 0 BC (Chapter 8).

False

According to Elwell and Yarbrough, the Gospels are best categorized as prophetic books (Chapter 3).

False They are best categorized as biographies. Specifically, Elwell land Yarbrough suggest the term "expanded biographical sermons" (p. 57).

Stephen

First Christian martyr

Focused on how Gospel material moved from oral transmission to a final written stage

Form Criticism

Know the locations where Paul wrote his epistles (Chapter 16).

From a roman Prison

This is NOT one of the factors that gave rise to historical criticism during the Enlightenment

Perspectives raised by feminist and queer readings of Scripture

Know the name of the apostle from whom Mark obtained the data for his Gospel.

Peter

The most well-known religious group in Jesus's time

Pharisees

Be able to recognize main characters involved in the beginning stages of the early church (Chapter 15).

Phillip- first to take the gospel outside of Jerusalem Ananias- helped Saul become Paul Tabitha (Dorcus)- raised from the dead by Peter Cornelius- roman who come to know the Lord Simon and Agrippa- did not reply well to hearing the good news.

Note the circumstances around Jesus' life which are portrayed as a fulfilment of prophecy (see page 67).

God planned out the Magi and Herod. Sending his to Egypt.

Added a source dubbed Q to the discussion of Markan Priority (aka "The Markan Hypothesis")

H.J. Holtzmann

what is the meaning of the word "hermeneutic"

Is the theory and practice of interpretation.

Recognize the emphasis of the Third Quest for the Historical Jesus

It focuses attention on the fact that Jesus was rejected by the Jews and executed by the Romans and then asks what words and deeds would fit into this scenario. It seeks to be Jesus in His historical Jewish context.

What is the relationship between the old and new testament?

The new testament fulfills the old through the messiah.

Alexander the Great

The man who spread greek culture and thus made it easy to share the Gospel

Q source

a hypothetical written collection of the teachings of Jesus shared among the early followers of Christianity surmised by Scripture scholars to be a source for both Matthew and Luke

Papyri

a material prepared in ancient Egypt from the pithy stem of a water plant, used in sheets throughout the ancient Mediterranean world for writing or painting on and also for making rope, sandals, and boats.

parchment

a stiff, flat, thin material made from the prepared skin of an animal and used as a durable writing surface in ancient and medieval times.

In The Gospel According to Matthew, virtually every circumstance around this event is portrayed as a fulfilment of prophecy (Chapter 4).

all of these

Know the category or genre of the Gospels

biography

H.J. Holtzmann

came up with the "Q" being the 230 verses shared in Matthew and Luke also called the "Markan Hypothesis" or "Priority of Mark"

what is cultural literacy? was part does the new testament play in it?

cultural, art, and lituature are influenced by the New Testament. It would be impossible to understand it without the New Testament.

Narrative Criticism

focuses on the stories a speaker or a writer tells to understand how they help us make meaning out of our daily human experiences

Artemis

goddess of the hunt

What is the Gospel form

the literary genre of the gospel; biographical

Canonicity

"Standard" "Rule". The collection of the books that the church has recognized as the written Word of God (Scripture) and that functions as the rule or standard of faith and practice in the church.

Cite some contributions of historical criticism.

-It has fostered many exciting discoveries over the past two centuries. -Numerous ancient manuscripts have come to light -Our knowledge of ancient languages/cultures has grown -New fields of study like semantics have refined the way we define biblical words. -The life of Jesus is understood more clearly. -The NT is seen in more graphic detail.

Sicarii

A Latin term meaning, literally, "daggermen," a designation for a group of first-century Jews responsible for the assassination of Jewish aristocrats thought to have collaborated with the Romans.

Tacitus

A Roman historian who presented the facts accurately. He wrote about the good and the bad of imperial Rome in his Annals and Histories.

Redaction Criticism

A scholarly approach to the study of Scripture that attempts to see how each of the Gospel writers edited, or redacted, materials for that Gospel's audience.

Form Criticism

A type of literary criticism used by Scripture scholars that analyzes and compares different literary forms used in the Gospels.

This Roman emperor ruled when Jesus was born

Caesar Augustus

Be able to recognize the exact name of the city where Peter's Confession (Matt 16:16) occurred.

Caesarea Philippi

An authoritative collection of documents

Canon

Note the possible locations where John's literature was written (Chapter 7).

Ephesus

The religious group that produced the Dead Sea Scrolls at Qumran

Essenes

Note how John defines faith in his Gospel (Chapter 7 and 8).

Faith is a dynamic activity more of a verb than a noun. its an action.

Caesar Augustus

He established his rule after the death of Julius Caesar and he is considered the first Roman Emperor.

how does a historical-theological approach differ from a historical-critical one?

Historical-theological sees the text as Jesus was the son of God. In contrast, historical-critical does not and assumes that it should be reviewed without the supernatural as a historical account.

Note key players in Christ's apprehension by the Romans (Chapter 7 and 8).

Jesus gave up his life willingly. Peter cut Malchus' ear off Judas kissed him Annas (father-in-law of Caiaphas), the house where Jesus was taken, and interrogated him and then gave him over to Caiaphas. Herod Antipas wanted to say out of the affair. Then was given back to Pilot, who washed his hands of the matter.

What issue did kummel's review of Albertz's New testament introduction raise

Kummel introduced the historical literal reading of the text dismissing the super-natural aspects. aka historical criticism

One of the distinctive things about Mark's Gospel is the heavy emphasis on Jesus' commanding those whom he healed or those to whom he revealed some profound truth to refrain from _____. What did Jesus tell them NOT to do?

Jesus told them not to tell people He was the Messiah or that He healed so that the Romans would not get sus.

Know the possible whereabouts of Jesus during the feast commemorating the Exodus (Chapter 7 and 8).

Jesus was in Jerusalem celebrating the Passover. Jesus presented Himself as the Messiah on the Sunday before passover.

Know the disputed timeline of Jesus birth, life, death, and including ministry (Chapter 7 and 8).

Jesus' birth - 6BC to 26 AD public ministry 26-27 outside Galilee 28 Judean ministry 29-30 Passion week April 30 AD Resurrection and ascension April to June.

Know the times during Paul's missionary career when he was arrested (Chapter 16).

Likely between 60-64 AD during the Festus reign and Herod Agrippa. At the end of the missionary journey.

Who were the Hasmoneans?

Jewish family who reclaimed Israel from the Greek dynasty

Be able to recognize the subjects discussed in the doctrinal controversy in your reading (Chapter 7).

John was writing against Gnosticism (the belief that physical things are evil and spiritual things are good).

Jewish historian who confirmed a unified and recognized body of Hebrew Scriptures

Josephus

Be able to recognize the various extra biblical sources concerning Jesus' existence in history (Chapter 7).

Josephus Ant. 18.3.3 (37-100 AD) Justin Maryter 150 Ignatius of antioch tatin athenagogous Irenaeus talmud suetonius tacitus

Know which Gospel focuses on the Holy Spirit's ministry.

Luke

Know which Gospel underscores the centrality of prayer in the life of Jesus.

Luke

Know which Gospel was written by a Gentile for Gentile audience.

Luke

Know who wrote Acts and Luke and why this person is believed to have written both (Chapter 14).

Luke likely wrote both they have same writing style and are addressed to the same people. "In my former book..."

Know the main characters in the early church and what they are known for (Chapter 14 and 15).

Matthais- replaced Judus Peter- there on Pentecost

Earliest manuscripts of the New Testament were written on this

Papyrus

Writings falsely ascribed to a well-known ancient author

Pseudepigrapha

Q

Q" being the 230 verses shared in Matthew and Luke

Focuses on what happens to the reader rather than focusing on the text

Reader-Response Criticism

Viewed the Gospel writers as creative authors with theological intent rather than mere compilers of tradition

Redaction Criticism

Pontius Pilate

Roman Governer who sentenced Jesus to death

Tiberius Caesar

Roman emperor from AD 14-37. Jesus ministered during his reign

Concerns include the Synoptic Problem

Source Criticism

This Gospel is NOT directly linked to an apostle, but rather, to a Gentile who produced an orderly account (Chapter 3).

The Gospel According to Luke

Be familiar with the kind of authority Matthew portrays Jesus as having.

Teacher, Preacher, Healer people paralysed and suffering illness and disease blindness sin the temple demons wind and water history nature people time and space

The scholarly pursuit of recovering the precise wording of the original New Testament writings

Textual criticism

Kerygma

The core or essential message of the Gospel that Jesus Christ is Lord.

Source Criticism

The study by Scripture scholars to determine what sources the Gospel writers used to compose their works.

what are the bases of our high level of certainty regarding the text of the New Testament?

The text can be traced back to the 125 AD and there is many many copies including hymnal books with Bible verse from the second century

Know the recipient of the Gospel According to Luke.

Theophilus

Content of the Gospel of John

Three years of Jesus life

Matthew

To Israel

Mark

To Rome

According to Elwell and Yarbrough, the primary purpose of the Gospels is to present the gospel message and call people to faith (Chapter 3).

True

According to the doctrinal controversy cited by Elwell and Yarbough, the first thing that was questioned about Christ was his humanity (Chapter 7).

True

Hermeneutics is the theory and practice of interpretation (Chapter 10).

True

I honestly affirm that I read The Gospel According to Matthew this semester.

True

In source criticism, Q refers to a hypothetical source comprised of about 230 verses shared by Matthew and Luke, but do not appear in Mark (Chapter 11).

True

Part of handling the New Testament properly is understanding modern approaches to it (Chapter 10).

True

The four major kinds of writings in the New Testament are Gospels, Letters, Acts (History), and Prophecy (Chapter 1).

True

what other subjects have you found it necessary to study in order to master? what is differnt about studying the New testament?

You should not try and lord over the text, but let the text teach you.

An ancient Jewish terrorist group

Zealots