NRS 233 (CH.33)
Which can be said about acute, drug-induced interstitial nephritis?
It manifests as a fever, hematuria, mild proteinuria, and possibly a rash. It may result in acute kidney injury. It may be related to a sensitivity to sulfonamide drugs.
The nurse is evaluating the urinalysis results of a client presenting with polyuria and lower abdominal pain due to a suspected urinary tract infection. Which finding should the nurse expect?
Increased nitrates.
What is the usual cause of acute pyelonephritis?
Infection.
Which client is likely at the greatest risk of developing a urinary tract infection
A 79-year-old client with an indwelling catheter
Which client is displaying manifestations of having a kidney stone?
Acute onset of colicky flank pain radiating to lower abdomen
A client who has had an intestinal bypass has developed a kidney stone. Which type of kidney stone does the nurse recognize that this client will most likely be treated for?
Calcium.
A client with a history of chronic pyelonephritis has been admitted several times with recurrent bacterial infection of the urinary tract. The nurse should anticipate educating this client with regard to which common treatment regimen?
Continue taking antibiotics for 10 to 14 days even if symptoms of infection disappear.
When caring for a client with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPD), which sign/symptom is associated with a complication that requires immediate treatment?
Develops an excruciating headache; the client needs to get to the emergency department right away because of the possibility of an aneurysm that is bleeding.
The nurse is caring for a client with recurring urinary tract infections (UTIs). The client asks, "Other than taking antibiotics, what else can I do?" Which response by the nurse is most accurate?
Drink lots of fluids to help relieve the signs/symptoms of UTIs.
Which procedure is a nonsurgical method of treatment for renal calculi (kidney stones)?
Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL)
Signs of nephrotic syndrome include proteinuria, edema, hyperlipidemia, and:
Hypoalbuminemia
Which condition/disorder would the nurse see as being likely to cause the most serious long-term problems?
Polycystic kidney disease
The initiating event in the development of nephrotic syndrome is a derangement in the glomerular membrane that causes increased permeability to which substance?
Plasma proteins
What is the most common cancer of the kidney?
Renal cell carcinoma
A client is being treated with colchicine for pain in the big right toe. The client begins to complain of severe right flank pain and is diagnosed with kidney stones. Which type of kidney stone does the nurse recognize this client is most likely affected by?
Uric acid
An obese client with a history of gout and a sedentary lifestyle has been advised by the primary health care provider to avoid organ meats, certain fish, and other foods that are high in purines. This treatment would be advised for which type of kidney stones?
Uric acid stones
A nurse is caring for a client with diabetic glomerulosclerosis. The presence of which substance in the urine would be used in diagnosing this condition?
albumin
The nurse assesses a client in an ambulatory care facility. Which manifestation(s) leads the nurse to advocate for investigation of possible acute pyelonephritis?
flank pain in the back, abrupt onset of fever and chills, urinary urgency and frequency
Which factor contributes to the development of polycystic kidney disease?
hereditary mutations in polycystin I and II
A major complication of prolonged bed rest is an increased risk of kidney stones. The nurse knows that this is most likely related to:
saturation of urine with calcium salts.
A client has been given the diagnosis of diffuse glomerulonephritis. The client asks the nurse what diffuse means. The nurse responds:
"All glomeruli and all parts of the glomeruli are involved."
A client has been diagnosed with an uncomplicated urinary tract infection (UTI) for the second time in a year. Which teaching will the nurse include to prevent the most common cause of recurrent uncomplicated UTIs?
hygiene practices to reduce exposing the urethral meatus to Escherichia coli
Prior to undergoing diagnostic testing with contrast, it is recommended that older adult clients have their creatinine level checked. The rationale for this is to ensure the client:
will not undergo an acute kidney injury by decreasing renal blood flow.
