NSCI 175 Exam 3 Quizzes

Anxiety disorders have been related to which of the following?

*A. Diminished activity of the hippocampus B. Hyperactivity of the amygdala C. Elevated activity of the prefrontal cortex*

The symptoms of PTSD include

*A. iritiability. B. flashbacks of the traumatic experience. C. intrusive memories. D. increased anxiety.*

What is the role of the central nucleus of the amygdala in the stress response?

*A.Activates hypothalamic stimulation of the HPA axis and the sympathetic nervous system B. Activates the diffuse modulatory systems of the brain to increase vigilance C. Activates periaqueductal gray matter to produce avoidance behavior*

A new hamster mutant, zip, has a daily rhythm (in the absence of light cues) with a period of 8 hours. If you transplanted the fetal SCN from a zip animal into the brain of an adult hamster with the tau mutation (and its own SCN lesioned), you would expect the period of this adult's rhythm to be

8 hours.

Which of the following describes ghrelin?

A peptide highly concentrated in the stomach that is released into the bloodstream when the stomach is empty

Which of the following are environmental risk factors of developing schizophrenia? A. Viral infections during fetal development B. Poor maternal nutrition during fetal development C. Eating a grain-based diet

A, B

Which of the following follow a circadian rhythm? Select all that apply.

A. Alertness B. Temperature C. Growth hormone D. Cortisol

What is the role of the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis in anxiety disorders?

Activates the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and the stress response

Schizophrenia usually appears at what age?

Adolescence or early adulthood

Which of the following are examples of negative symptoms of schizophrenia? A. delusions B. poverty of speech C. memory impairment D. reduced expression of emotion

B, C, D

Information from the visual and auditory sensory systems feeds into which part of the amygdala?

Basolateral nuclei

Which are two major classes of anxiolytic drugs?

Benzodiazepines and serotonin-selective reuptake inhibitors

Which of the following is the process of breaking down complex macromolecules?

Catabolism

Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) is released by the anterior pituitary gland when what neurochemical is released by parvocellular neurosecretory neurons of the hypothalamus?

Corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH)

Which of the following represents the humoral response to a drop in leptin levels?

Decreased secretion of TSH and ACTH from the pituitary gland

Which of the following is NOT a key component of the modulatory systems that regulate waking and sleeping?

Dopamine

Synchronous neural activity can be achieved ___

Either through a pacemaker or through the collective behavior of all the participating neurons

Dimensional emotion theories propose what about emotions?

Emotions can be broken down into smaller fundamental elements combined in different ways.

Action potentials are necessary for the SCN neurons to maintain their rhythm.

False

Which of the following describes the ventromedial hypothalamic syndrome?

Hypothalamic lesions that cause overeating and obesity

Which is a consequence of leptin deficiency?

Increased NPY and AgRP in the arcuate nucleus

Electrical stimulation of the amygdala elicits what response in humans?

Increased anxiety and fear

Injecting corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) into experimental animals can produce which of the following behavioral effects?

Increased behavioral expression of anxiety

Bilateral removal of the temporal lobes results in

Klüver-Bucy syndrome

Anorexia can result from damage to which of the following parts of the brain?

Lateral hypothalamus

Which of the following describes the humoral response?

Stimulating or inhibiting the release of pituitary hormones

Insulin levels are maximal during which of the following phases of the body's reaction to feeding behavior?

Substrate

What is the role of the hippocampus in the stress response?

Suppresses the release of corticotropin-releasing hormone from the hypothalamus

What brain structure is known to act as a powerful pacemaker for the cerebral cortex?

Thalamus

What led to the belief that anterior thalamus plays an important role in emotion?

The observation that lesions in the anterior thalamus led to spontaneous laughing and crying

The EEG is primarily used to help diagnose certain neurological conditions, especially which of the following?

The seizures of epilepsy

Which of the following has not been found to demonstrate a circadian rhythm?

They all demonstrate a circadian rhythm.

MEG is better than EEG at localizing the source of neural activity.

True

There is a genetic basis to schizophrenia.

True

When your stomach is full, mechanosensory neurons in the stomach wall sense the distension and transmit the sensation to the nucleus of the solitary tract in the medulla via which nerve?

Vagus

Schizophrenia is best treated with

a combination of drugs and social support

Stimulation of the periaqueductal gray can produce

affective aggression

Which neurons in the arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus respond to an increase in blood leptin levels?

alphaMSH/CART neurons

The basolateral nuclei of the amygdala receives

auditory, tactile, gustatory, and visual afferents.

A hamster kept in constant dim light and deprived of zeitgebers will eventually

become free-running.

In learned fear, the central nucleus of the amygdala transmits information through the _______ to evoke emotional experience.

cerebral cortex

The daily cycles of light and dark that result from the spin of the earth are known as

circadian rhythms

One hypothesis posits that psychotic episodes are triggered by activation of ____ receptors.

dopamine

Mice with fewer NMDA receptors ____

exhibited social withdrawal

In learned fear, the central nucleus of the amygdala transmits information through the _______ to evoke autonomic responses.

hypothalamus

The type of rhythmicity characterized by the regular, predictable onset of a particular behavior on a cycle less than one day is called

ultradian.

The environmental cue that animals use to discern the time of day is called a

zeitgeber.

Positive symptoms of schizophrenia refer to ___

the presence of symptoms not observed in typically healthy individuals

You are recording from a set of pyramidal neurons. If the neurons are firing in synchrony, the EEG response amplitude will be ___.

large

Alpha rhythms are often observed during __

quiet, wakeful states