NUIP 3010 - Quiz 15

The estimated essential body fat level is approximately 3% for men and ____% for women.

12.0 The estimated essential body fat (i.e., the minimal amount needed for health) level is approximately 3% for men and 12% for women. Page 249.

Obesity generally means that someone's body weight exceeds his or her desired body weight for height by at least ____________.

20% Obesity is a clinical term for excess body fat, and it is generally used to describe people who are at least 20% above a desired weight for height. Page 245.

Obesity generally means that a person's body weight exceeds ideal body weight for height by at least ________%.

20.0 Obesity generally means body weight exceeds ideal body weight for height by 20%. Page 245.

The criteria for obesity includes a body mass index of __________or greater.

30 mg/kg2 Box 15-1: a BMI of 30.0 to 35 mg/kg2 is classified as obese. Page 246.

Excess energy intake is stored in the body as ______________.

fat Excess intake of macronutrients (regardless of whether it's carbohydrates, proteins, or fat) is stored as fat. Page 250.

Defining "ideal weight" is difficult because ____________.

frame size, individual variation, and necessity of body fat need to be considered when interpreting ideal body weight calculation Factors such as frame size, individual variation, and necessity of body fat need to be considered when interpreting ideal body weight calculation. Thus ideal body weight is only an estimate and individuals can be healthy at a variety of weights. Page 249.

Which of the following would correctly complete the statement below? A person's chance of becoming obese is influenced most by ____________.

genetic inheritance Genetic inheritance probably influences a person's chances of obesity more than any other factor. Page 250.

In all probability, the most significant factor in the development of obesity is ____________.

genetics and family food patterns Genetics and family food patterns play a significant factor in the development of obesity. Family food patterns can provide an environment that allows the genetic trait to present itself. Pages 250-1.

The counterpart hormone to leptin is ____________.

ghrelin The counterpart to leptin is the enteric peptide ghrelin. Ghrelin is an appetite stimulant secreted from the stomach to activate the appetite-regulating network. Page 250.

Health problems related to obesity include ____________.

hypertension, type 2 diabetes, certain types of cancer American adults who are overweight or obese increase their risk of conditions such as hypertension; type 2 diabetes; heart disease; arthritis; and certain types of cancers. Page 250.

Which three factors below are the most important to keep in mind when evaluating ideal weight?

individual variation, necessity of body fat, and frame size. Body frame size, individual variation, and essentially of body fat all need to be considered when evaluating idea body weight. Page 249.

One pound of body fat is equivalent to approximately ______ kcals.

3500.0 Approximately 3,500 kcal is stored in each lb of body fat. Page 250.

In young, healthy, adult men, the percentage of body weight that is fat that is associated with the lowest risk of chronic disease is between ____________.

5% and 12% A body fat content within the range of 21% to 25.8% of total body weight is associated with the lowest risk of chronic disease for men between the ages of 20 and 79 years. Page 248.

A 2-lb increase in fat is the kilocalorie equivalent of _____ kcal.

7000.0 One pound of fat is the kilocalorie equivalent of 3500 kcal, so 2 lb would be equivalent to 7000 kcal. Page 250.

The most precise method for determining body composition is ____________.

Dual energy x-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) Dual energy x-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) is a highly accurate way to asses body composition using radiation; DEXA is currently used as the gold standard. Page 248.

BMI may inaccurately assess the risk associated with overweight for which of the following individuals?

a football player in peak condition with a BMI of 30 mg/kg2. He may weigh considerably more than the average man of the same height, but much more of his weight is likely lean muscle mass rather than excess fat. Pages 245-6.

A teenage girl who has a distorted body image and refuses to maintain an acceptable body weight should be evaluated for ____________.

anorexia nervosa The American Psychiatric Association has established criteria for the diagnosis of anorexia nervosa, including restriction of energy intake relative to requirements, leading to a significantly low body weight in the context of age, sex, development trajectory, and physical health; intense fear of gaining weight or becoming fat; and disturbances in the way in which one's body weight or shape is experienced. Page 269.

Health problems that have been shown to be related to obesity include ______________.

arthritis, type 2 diabetes, atherosclerosis Obesity increases the risk of related conditions such as hypertension, type 2 diabetes, heart disease, arthritis, and certain types of cancer. Page 250.

Physical activity, lean muscle mass, and _____________ are major physiologic factors for determining individual fat storage.

basal metabolic rate Physical activity, lean muscle mass, and basal metabolic rate are major physiologic factors for determining individual fat storage. Page 251.

An eating disorder that includes binging episodes without the compensatory behaviors is known as ____________.

binge eat disorder Binge Eating Disorder includes recurrent episodes of binge eating (eating, in a discrete amount of time, an amount of food that is larger than what most people would eat in a similar time period, and a sense of lack of control over eating during the episode). Pages 269-270.

Determining fatness or leanness is most appropriately measured through assessment of ____________.

body composition Body composition measures body fat percentage and provides an additional measure of overall health and fitness. Page 246.

An eating disorder characterized by repeated episodes of binge eating followed by one or more compensatory mechanisms to rid the body of excess calories is referred to as ____________.

bulimia nervosa Bulimia Nervosa is an eating disorder characterized by repeated episodes of binge eating followed by one or more compensatory mechanisms to rid the body of excess calories. Compensatory mechanisms include self-induced vomiting, laxative abuse, strict dieting or fasting, and excessive exercise. Page 270.

Mary is a 32-year-old woman who admits to repeated episodes of eating large quantities of food at one sitting, including two boxes of cookies, a family-size bag of chips, six candy bars, and even more at times, then vomits to rid her body of the food. This would be an example of ____________ behaviors.

bulimia nervosa Bulimia Nervosa is an eating disorder characterized by repeated episodes of binge eating followed by one or more compensatory mechanisms to rid the body of excess calories. Compensatory mechanisms include self-induced vomiting, laxative abuse, strict dieting or fasting, and excessive exercise. Page 270.

An eating disorder characterized by repeated episodes of binge eating followed by one or more compensatory mechanisms to rid the body of excess calories is referred to as ____________.

bulimis nervosa Bulimia Nervosa is an eating disorder characterized by repeated episodes of binge eating followed by one or more compensatory mechanisms to rid the body of excess calories. Compensatory mechanisms include self-induced vomiting, laxative abuse, strict dieting or fasting, and excessive exercise. Page 270.

Health problems related to obesity include ____________. (Check all that apply)

certain types of cancer, hypertension, type 2 diabetes American adults who are overweight or obese increase their risk of conditions such as hypertension; type 2 diabetes; heart disease; arthritis; and certain types of cancers. Page 250.

The cyclic pattern of weight loss by dieting followed by rapid weight regain is referred to as ____________.

chronic dieting syndrome Chronic dieting syndrome is the cyclic pattern of weight loss by dieting followed by rapid weight regain. This abnormal psychophysiologic food pattern becomes chronic, changing a person's natural body metabolism and relative body composition to the abnormal state of a metabolically obese person of normal weight. Page 256.

A hormone that seems to directly influence eating behavior and fat storage is ____________.

leptin Leptin is a hormone that seems to influence eating behavior and fat storage. The obesity gene encodes for a hormone-like protein believed to play a role in determining a person's set point for fat storage. Page 250.

Obesity increases the risk of many chronic diseases such as ____________.

osteoarthritis, hypertension, type 2 diabetes Obesity increases the risk of related conditions such as hypertension, type 2 diabetes, heart disease, arthritis, and certain types of cancer. Page 250.

Health problems that have been shown to be related to obesity include ______________. (Check all that apply)

type 2 diabetes atherosclerosis arthritis Obesity increases the risk of related conditions such as hypertension, type 2 diabetes, heart disease, arthritis, and certain types of cancer. Page 250.