NUIP 3010 - Quiz 7

The fat-soluble vitamin responsible for the synthesis of blood-clotting factors by the liver is vitamin ________.

K The basic function of vitamin K is in the blood-clotting process. The most known vitamin K-dependent blood factor is prothrombin. Page 91.

Thiamin is necessary for the healthy function of three major body systems. Which of the following is NOT one of these 3 main systems?

endocrine system The nervous, cardiovascular, and gastrointestinal tract can all be affected by thiamin deficiency. The central nervous system depends on glucose for energy; if thiamin is not present in adequate amounts, sufficient energy cannot be made for the nerves to perform their functions. The heart muscle depends on thiamin as well. Without adequate thiamin, the heart muscle weakens and heart failure results. Thiamin also is necessary for the gastrointestinal tract to function properly. The cells of smooth muscle and secretory glands must have energy to perform their work, and thiamin is a necessary agent for producing that energy. Page 95.

The most potent fat-soluble antioxidant is ________________.

alpha-tocopherol Alpha-tocopherol is the body's most abundant fat-soluble antioxidant. Page 90.

Phytochemicals act primarily as ________________.

antioxidants and hormones Phytochemicals act as antioxidants and hormones. The beneficial effects of phytochemicals are believed to result from synergistic actions of multiple nutrients as opposed to acting as an isolated compound. Page 105.

An example of a meal high in vitamin C is ______________.

bacon, lettuce, and tomato sandwich and strawberries The best sources of vitamin C are citrus fruits, tomatoes, cabbage and other leafy green vegetables, berries, melons, peppers, broccoli, potatoes, and yellow vegetables. Pages 94-95.

The provitamin form of vitamin A that is found in plant pigments is ________________.

beta-carotene Beta-carotene is the provitamin form of vitamin A found in plant pigments. The body converts it to vitamin A, making it a primary source of the vitamin. Page 86.

Of the options provided below, which is the best natural food source of folic acid?

broccoli Rich sources of folate are found in chicken and beef liver, green leafy vegetables, yeast, and legumes. Broccoli would be a high source of folate among the choices. Pages 100-101.

A food or food ingredient that may provide a health benefit beyond its basic nutritional value is called a(n) ________________.

functional food Functional foods include any food or food ingredient that may provide a health benefit beyond its basic nutritional value. Such foods are also called nutraceuticals or designer foods. Page 108.

Synthesis of the active hormonal form of vitamin D is the result of the combined action of the ________________.

skin, liver, and kidney Vitamin D is made in the body with the help of the sun's ultraviolet rays. The compound made in the skin by sunlight is a prohormone. This irradiated compound, cholecalciferol (calciferol), is in its inactive form. It is then activated by two successive enzymes, first in the liver and then in the kidney, to become the active form, calcitriol. Pages 87-8.

The amino acid that can be converted to niacin in the body is

tryptophan. Some of the niacin the body requires can be made from the essential amino acid tryptophan. The total requirement in the body for niacin is stated in terms of niacin equivalents to account for both sources. Page 97.