NUR 204 Chapter 27 : Hygiene and Personal care

A nurse is performing an initial assessment on a recently admitted patient. Which finding warrants an immediate call to the health care provider? a. Presence of pediculosis b. Halitosis related to poor oral hygiene c. Oily, matted, and tangled hair d. Warm, moist, and intact skin

a

The UAP asks why the arms are washed from distal to proximal. Which response by the nurse is appropriate? a. To promote circulation b. To maintain asepsis c. To maintain comfort d. To maintain tradition

a

The nurse is assisting a patient to insert contacts and a contact is dropped. What action should occur next? a. Moisten the finger with lens solution and gently touch it to pick it up. b. Moisten the contact lens with tap water and pick it up. c. Pick it up and insert the contact lens. d. Discard the contact lens.

a

The nurse knows that which statement is true regarding the importance of hygiene? a. The nurse can assess other body systems during the bath. b. UAPs perform hygiene because there is no benefit of nurses doing this care. c. The mucous membranes of the lips, nostrils, anus, vagina, and urethra are not a part of the integumentary system when providing hygiene. d. The main purpose of bathing is to decrease the patient's body odor.

a

The nurse recognizes which statement by the patient indicates a teaching need? a. "I use bobby pins to remove excessive ear wax." b. "I use soap and a warm cloth to clean the outside of my ear." c. "My doctor sometimes gives me oil drops for my ears." d. "I never use Q-Tips."

a

What action by the nurse is inappropriate regarding denture care? a. Carrying the dentures to the sink wrapped in a paper towel b. Placing a towel in the sink and brushing the dentures over the towel c. Brushing the dentures as the nurse would the teeth of a conscious patient d. Applying adhesive, then inserting upper and then lower dentures

a

When reviewing a patient's chart, the nurse notes documentation of a pressure injury. Which finding would the nurse expect upon assessment? a. Open wound over the sacrum b. Red, scaly lesion on buttocks c. Purplish discoloration under the cheek d. An infected surgical wound

a

Which example shows a correctly stated hygiene and personal care long-term goal? a. Patient will shower independently by the end of 1 month. b. Self-care deficit will be resolved within 3 to 6 days. c. Patient will use toothbrush to perform oral hygiene without assistance. d. Within 24 hours, patient will bathe with the help of one person.

a

Which function is associated with sebaceous glands? a. Keep the hair and skin soft. b. Generate new hair. c. Keep particles from entering the body. d. Cool the body.

a

Which nursing diagnosis is a priority for a patient who needs assistance with activities of daily living? a. Self-Care Deficit b. Lack of Knowledge c. Activity Intolerance d. Able to Perform Self-Care

a

Which tool is used by the nurse to determine risk for impaired skin integrity? a. Braden scale b. Glasgow scale c. Vanderbilt scale d. MMSE scale

a

Which type of massage is best for patients with deep muscle tension? a. Petrissage b. Effleurage c. Tapotement d. Percussion

a

A nurse is training new staff to assess a patient's activities of daily living (ADLs). Which areas would the nurse advise the new staff to include in their assessment? Select all that apply. a. Bathing b. Toileting c. Dressing d. Laundry e. Housekeeping

a,b,c

The nurse should avoid soaking the feet of which patient population? (Select all that apply.) a. Patients with peripheral vascular disease b. Patients with a stroke c. Patients with diabetes d. Patients with arthritis e. Patients who are malnourished

a,b,c

Which findings would the nurse document as unexpected after providing perineal care? Select all that apply. a. Redness b. Drainage c. Odor d. Edema e. Blanching

a,b,c,d

When the nurse is assisting patients with hygiene care, which tasks should be included? (Select all that apply.) a. Bathing b. Oral care c. Perineal care d. Foot care e. Patient communication

a,b,c,d,e

For which factors would the nurse assess while inspecting difficult-to-reach areas of the skin? Select all that apply. a. Debris b. Soiling c. Excessive moisture d. Clubbing e. Redness

a,b,c,e

Regarding perineal care, which nursing actions are appropriate? (Select all that apply.) a. The nurse applies gloves prior to performing perineal care. b. The nurse ignores the erection of a male patient during perineal care. c. The nurse documents the perineal care. d. The nurse only completes perineal care with daily bathing. e. The nurse can delegate perineal care.

a,b,c,e

Which actions would the nurse avoid when clipping the nails of a patient diagnosed with peripheral neuropathy and circulatory impairment? Select all that apply. a. Increasing circulation to the area prior to clipping b. Using the patient's own nail trimmer c. Trimming the nails straight across d. Massaging each digit prior to clipping e. Drying the nails completely prior to trimming

a,b,d

Which functions are associated with the integumentary system? Select all that apply. a. Temperature regulation b. Protection from external elements c. Touch, smell, and taste sensations d. Excretion e. Synthesis of vitamin E

a,b,d

Which questions will the nurse ask when formulating a measurable hygiene and personal care goal? Select all that apply. a. Who will achieve the personal care goal? b. What action must the patient perform? c. Why will the patient achieve these goals? d. When will the patient have performed the action? e. How will the patient accomplish the action?

a,b,d

Which equipment and supplies enable shampooing for immobile patients? Select all that apply. a. Shampoo basin b. Waterproof pads c. Shower chair d. No-rinse shampoos e. Shampoo cap

a,b,d,e

Which glands produce a water-like substance that cools the body? Select all that apply. a. Eccrine b. Apocrine c. Sebaceous d. Sudoriferous e. Exocrine

a,b,d,e

Which areas are common sites for pressure injuries? Select all that apply. a. Heels b. Hips c. Breasts d. Ears e. Knees f. Shoulders

a,b,d,f

A new patient is assigned to the unit. When attempting to provide personal care for the patient, which patient-centered care needs should the nurse consider? (Select all that apply.) a. Age b. Skin condition c. Transportation concerns d. Patient's feelings and wishes e. Time constraints f. Religious beliefs g. Cultural tradition h. Disability restrictions i. Admission complaint

a,b,d,f,g,h

An obese patient complains of itchy and uncomfortable skin. What interventions might the nurse expect to implement? Select all that apply. a. Clean the body with soap and water. b. Apply antifungal powder to the itchy skin. c. Use an antibacterial soap with a high pH. d. Increase the amount of the patient's exercise. e. Assure all areas are thoroughly dried.

a,b,e

Which patients must use an electric razor when shaving? Select all that apply. a. A patient with hemophilia b. A patient on an aspirin regimen c. A pregnant patient d. A patient with epilepsy e. A patient taking heparin

a,b,e

Which cues would be found in a patient with a nursing hypothesis of Impaired Health Maintenance? Select all that apply. a. Cognitive changes b. Unkempt appearance c. Shortness of breath with activity d. Fatigue with minimal activity e. Poor hygiene f. Forgetfulness

a,b,e,f

The nurse has selected the hypothesis of Pressure Ulcer/Injury for a patient because of cues identified on the patient's sacrum. Which other sites would the nurse examine thoroughly? Select all that apply. a. Elbows b. Oral cavity c. Heels d. Shoulders e. Abdomen f. Toes

a,c,d

Which assessment findings are indicative of poor hygiene? Select all that apply. a. Body odors b. Chipped fingernail polish c. Tangled and matted hair d. Excessively long and dirty toenails e. Noticeably warm skin

a,c,d

Which characteristics describe the skin of the older adult? Select all that apply. a. Dry b. Elastic c. Itchy d. Easily bruised e. Active sweat glands

a,c,d

Massage uses a range of techniques to provide which benefits? Select all that apply. a. Relaxation b. Weight loss c. Comfort d. Improved circulation e. Improved sleep f. Increased immunity

a,c,d,e

Which benefits are associated with bathing and skin care? Select all that apply. a. Removes dead skin from the body b. Reduces emollients c. Provides skin hydration d. Removes bacteria from the skin e. Reduces possibility of maceration

a,c,d,e

Which cues would be found in a patient with a nursing hypothesis of Activity Intolerance relating to hygiene? Select all that apply. a. Fatigue with minimal activity b. Forgetfulness c. Unkempt appearance d. Shortness of breath with activity e. Poor hygiene f. Tremors

a,c,d,e

Which factors are potential causes of halitosis? Select all that apply. a. Diabetes b. Pediculosis c. Medications d. Poor oral hygiene e. Infections of the oral cavity

a,c,d,e

An immobile patient is running a fever, and the nurse suspects the patient has a pressure injury. The nurse would observe the patient's skin for which signs of infection? Select all that apply. a. Redness b. Freckles c. Scars d. Swelling e. Drainage

a,d,e

Patients with which conditions should avoid soaking their feet? Select all that apply. a. Peripheral neuropathy b. Circulatory impairments c. Deep vein thrombosis d. Diabetes e. Sensory deficits

a,d,e

A nurse is reviewing personal care procedures with nursing students. Which statement by a nursing student indicates understanding of the importance of hygiene care? a. "Personal care should be delegated to unlicensed personnel." b. "Personal care is the best time to perform a skin assessment." c. "Personal care is not a priority and should be done if the nurse has time." d. "Personal care must be done before any other direct care is performed."

b

A patient diagnosed with head lice has an order for pediculicidal shampoo. Which statement should the nurse include with teaching about this shampoo? a. It can be used only on patients with the ability to stand in the shower. b. It can cause central nervous system side effects, including dizziness. c. It is used by pregnant women and young children. d. It is safe for patients with seizures or epilepsy.

b

A patient has a wound that makes bathing difficult. Which short-term goal would the nurse add to the plan of care after a discussion with the patient? a. Patient will perform his or her own bathing and personal care within 24 hours. b. Patient will accept bathing assistance until wound healing occurs. c. Assistance with personal care will be provided for 4 days. d. Skin will be clean and intact, and the patient will perform bathing independently.

b

For which reason is it contraindicated for a patient with peripheral neuropathy to soak the feet? a. Can cause increased circulation b. Can cause tissue drying and increase risk for infection c. Is painful for the patient d. May make patient unable to walk

b

The nurse and UAP are making an occupied bed together. Which action by the nurse is incorrect? a. The nurse asks and assists the patient to turn toward the UAP and loosens the fitted sheet and rolls it in toward the patient. b. The nurse rolls dirty linens to the side then places the linens on the floor while finishing. c. The nurse tucks the clean bottom sheet under the cleaner underside of the dirty linens. d. The nurse wears gloves to remove dirty linens.

b

The nurse is preparing to give a patient a complete bed bath. What area of the body should be bathed first? a. Hands b. Eyes c. Face d. Arms

b

The nurse is tasked with catheter insertion on a patient of Middle Eastern descent who is of the opposite sex. Which approach would the nurse take when initiating the procedure? a. Avoid eye contact throughout the entire procedure. b. Knock first, explain the procedure, and ask for the patient's comfort level. c. Ask for help from the health care provider to perform the procedure. d. Ask for help from family to convince the patient to allow the procedure.

b

Which action by a female patient lets the nurse know the patient has understood perineal care teaching? a. The patient washes her perineum with a circular motion beginning at the urinary meatus. b. The patient washes her perineum from front to back using a clean washcloth. c. The patient washes her perineum from back to front with a clean washcloth. d. The patient washes her perineum lightly to prevent tissue damage.

b

Which action by a female patient lets the nurse know the patient has understood perineal care teaching? a. The patient washes her perineum with a circular motion beginning at the urinary meatus. b. The patient washes her perineum from front to back using a clean washcloth. c. The patient washes her perineum from back to front with long, firm strokes. d. The patient washes her perineum lightly to prevent tissue damage.

b

Which action by the nurse demonstrates a collaborative approach to improving a patient's ability to perform self-hygiene and personal care? a. Assigning the unlicensed assistive personnel (UAP) to comb the patient's hair b. Partnering with the occupational therapist c. Asking the family to care for the patient's needs d. Reporting on patient needs to the oncoming nurse

b

Which action would the nurse take when washing a patient's ears during bathing? a. Use a cotton-tipped applicator. b. Use a washcloth and soap. c. Flush the ears during the bath. d. Use oil drops.

b

Which safety precaution is a priority for the nurse when bathing a patient with peripheral neuropathy? a. Keeping the top two side rails up during the bath b. Checking the bath water temperature before the bath c. Encouraging independence with perineal care during the bath d. Facilitating range-of-motion exercises and dangling before the bath

b

Which type of bath is appropriate for an older adult patient who ambulates with a cane and has a history of unsteadiness? a. Sink bath b. Chair shower c. Partial bed bath d. Complete bed bath

b

Which type of injury results in a puncture wound? a. Paper cut b. Dog bite c. Popped blister d. Black eye

b

While providing patient care to wash away bacteria, which layer of the skin will be affected? a. Dermis b. Epidermis c. Subcutaneous layer d. Hypodermis

b

The nurse notes that a trauma patient has multiple tangles in the hair. Which actions taken by the nurse are appropriate? (Select all that apply.) a. Work the tangles to the ends of the hair, then trim with scissors. b. Apply warm water and conditioner. c. Apply detangler as available. d. Use a comb or fingers to work through tangles. e. Cut the tangles out if working on them agitates the patient.

b c d

Which actions by the nurse concerning oral care for an unconscious patient are considered safe? (Select all that apply.) a. Performing oral care with the patient in a supine position b. Performing oral care with the patient turned to the side c. Installing suction equipment at the bedside d. Providing oral care every 2 hours e. Using a hard-bristle toothbrush

b c d

Which statements are true regarding back massage? (Select all that apply.) a. Only a licensed massage therapist can perform back massage. b. Back massage may stimulate the deep muscles. c. Massage provides relaxation and comfort. d. Tapotement stimulates the skin. e. A massage may promote sleep.

b c d e

A patient is recovering from leg surgery and is unable to stand for self-care. Which hypotheses would be selected for hygiene and self-care? Select all that apply. a. Pressure Ulcer/Injury b. Traumatic Wound c. Self-Care Deficit d. Impaired Health Maintenance e. Dry Skin f. Activity Intolerance

b,c

The nurse is demonstrating cultural sensitivity in performing perineal care when carrying out which actions? (Select all that apply.) a. The male nurse delegates perineal care of a female patient to the female UAP. b. The male nurse asks a female patient if she would prefer a female to perform care. c. The nurse approaches the care in a sensitive, professional manner. d. The nurse assesses cultural preferences of the patient prior to care. e. The nurse provides care quickly and in a matter of fact manner.

b,c,d

Which patients are likely to require assistance with bathing? Select all that apply. a. A 12-year-old recovering from a tonsillectomy b. An infant hospitalized for pneumonia c. A 92-year-old paraplegic patient d. An older adult who just received a radiation treatment e. A 43-year-old homeless diabetic patient

b,c,d

The nurse is bathing a patient and notes reddened skin above the coccyx. Which actions by the nurse are appropriate? (Select all that apply.) a. Apply a barrier cream and massage the area. b. Document the findings. c. Position the patient to relieve pressure on coccyx. d. Report the area to the charge nurse. e. Report the new finding to the provider.

b,c,d,e

The nurse knows that which areas of the patient's body are at increased risk of excoriation? (Select all that apply.) a. Exposed areas such as the face b. Areas exposed to stool c. Skin on skin areas d. Area under pendulous breasts e. Under an abdominal fold

b,c,d,e

Which activities can be delegated to the unlicensed assistive personnel (UAP) for a patient unable to perform self-care activities? Select all that apply. a. Wound care b. Personal grooming c. Partial bath d. Denture care e. Hair care

b,c,d,e

Effleurage can effectively reduce which bodily functions? Select all that apply. a. Sleep b. Heart rate c. Anxiety d. Muscle strength e. Respiratory rate f. Deep vein thrombosis

b,c,e

Which benefits are associated with the provision of oral care? Select all that apply. a. Provides emotional support b. Prevents infections c. Reduces halitosis d. Reduces bleeding e. Removes plaque f. Keeps the mouth dry

b,c,e

Which characteristics are descriptive of healthy mucous membranes? Select all that apply. a. Dry b. Pink c. Firm d. Smooth e. Elastic

b,d

Which consequences can result from harshly blowing the nose? Select all that apply. a. Impacted cerumen b. Bleeding c. Dry mucosa d. Damaging the tympanic membrane e. Detaching a retina

b,d,e

Which skin conditions might be present if a patient is having an allergic reaction to something he or she touched? Select all that apply. a. Excoriation b. Contact dermatitis c. Hirsutism d. Puncture wound e. Dry skin f. Rash

b,f

A patient exhibits matted hair and caked mud and debris under fingernails and toenails. Which nursing hypothesis would the nurse select? a. Activity Intolerance b. Pressure Ulcer/Injury c. Self-Care Deficit d. Impaired Oral Mucous Membrane

c

A patient has a surgical wound with staples. The health care provider has prescribed that the patient shower with the incision covered, but the patient has refused twice. Which statement would be most appropriate for the nurse to make? a. "OK, you don't need to bathe if you are concerned about it." b. "Bathing has only a small chance of causing infection." c. "Bathing cleanses microorganisms from the skin and lessens the chance of infection." d. "You clearly need education on infection prevention."

c

An alert and oriented elderly male patient has been admitted to the hospital with a diagnosis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). He is unshaven, has unkempt hair, and has a foul body odor. Asking which hygiene-related assessment question is a priority for the nurse? a. "Do you have friends or family nearby?" b. "Can you raise your arms up to brush your teeth?" c. "Do you become short of breath during your shower?" d. "Are you able to get in and out of your bed at home?"

c

An older adult patient with arthritis has difficulty buttoning clothing, holding an eating utensil or toothbrush, and turning a door lock. Which action would the nurse take regarding the patient's discharge from the hospital? a. Notify the health care provider. b. Ask which family member will provide assistance. c. Assist the patient with community referrals. d. Tell the family to place the patient in a nursing home.

c

During a patient's hospitalization, the nurse notes that the patient is unable to perform basic self-care. Which action would the nurse take to prepare the patient for discharge? a. Provide additional instruction for performing activities of daily living. b. Keep the patient in the hospital until able to perform self-care. c. Arrange for a home care agency to provide assistance in the home. d. Encourage the patient's family to find someone in the community to assist the patient.

c

Excessively dry skin can lead to cracks and openings in the integumentary system. Based on this, what is the most applicable nursing diagnosis for a patient with excessively dry skin? a. Impaired health maintenance b. Risk for injury c. Risk for infection d. Acute pain

c

For which reason is it important for hygiene and personal care goals to be measurable? a. Communicates personal care plans clearly among health care team members. b. Encourages patients to participate in self-care planning. c. Provides a means for measuring patient self-care progress. d. Facilitates improved collaboration among multiple health care members.

c

The nurse has assisted the patient to wash the hands, face, axillae, and perineal area. What type of bath does the nurse chart? a. Sink bath b. Complete bed bath c. Partial bed bath d. Shower

c

The nurse is providing oral care for a dependent patient. Which statement regarding this task is accurate? a. Teeth brushing should be done daily. b. Wearing gloves is not necessary for oral care. c. Elevate the head of the bed to help prevent aspiration. d. Flossing is not a component of oral care.

c

The nurse on a medical floor in a hospital just completed a bed bath. The nurse should take what action before leaving the patient's room? a. Place the call light within reach so the patient can call for help if needed, and leave the bed as it was during the bath. b. Lower the bed to its lowest position, raise all four side rails so that the patient does not fall out of bed, and place the call light within reach. c. Lower the bed to its lowest position, raise the top two side rails to assist the patient in turning and positioning, and place the call light within reach. d. Leave the bed in a position that is comfortable for the caregiver because more care will be needed, raise the top two side rails, and place the call light within reach.

c

The nurse would give extra attention to assessing for infections on and around the nails in a patient with which condition? a. Halitosis b. Pediculosis c. Diabetes d. Dandruff

c

Which action would the nurse take when a patient requests a same gender caregiver for hygiene and personal care because of cultural preferences? a. Request the family to provide care. b. Collaborate with social services. c. Accommodate the patient's wishes. d. Assess the patient's hygiene needs.

c

Which benefit does a sitz bath provide for a new mother? a. Regulates skin pH b. Eliminates pediculosis c. Decreases swelling d. Decreases halitosis

c

Which component of the integumentary system is the first line of defense against microorganisms? a. Nails b. Sweat glands c. Skin d. Hair

c

Which patient situation indicates that a sink bath is appropriate? a. Needs support while standing b. Requires assistance to move from bed to sink c. Can perform part of the sink bath independently d. Provides own bathing supplies

c

Which statement is phrased as a desired outcome for a pediatric patient being treated for head lice? a. Child's hair will be cleansed with medicated shampoo daily. b. Bed linens will be washed in hot, soapy water once weekly. c. Child refrains from sharing personal items with school classmates. d. Mother will find no evidence of lice in the child's hair within 1 week.

c

While assisting a patient with teeth brushing, the nurse notices the patient has difficulty grasping and maneuvering the toothbrush. Which action would the nurse take to further assist this patient? a. Call for the nursing assistant to help with oral care. b. Have the patient sit while the nurse completes oral care. c. Request a large-handled toothbrush. d. Have the patient continue brushing without assistance.

c

The nurse is asking a patient hospitalized with acute pancreatitis questions about his or her self-care capabilities. Which questions would the nurse ask to assess the patient's activities of daily living (ADLs)? Select all that apply. a. "Do you know where you are?" b. "How many visitors did you have last week?" c. "Do you always make it to the bathroom on time?" d. "How often do you take a bath or shower?" e. "Can you bathe yourself without help?"

c,d,e

The nurse provides thorough cleansing of the axillary regions of the patient to ensure the products from which glands are washed away? Select all that apply. a. Sebaceous b. Eccrine c. Exocrine d. Apocrine e. Sudoriferous

c,d,e

For which patients is pediculicidal shampoo contraindicated? Select all that apply. a. Older adult patients b. Middle-aged men c. Pregnant women d. Patients with head lice e. Patients with seizure disorders

c,e

A nurse is caring for an older adult woman with advanced dementia who is incapable of self-care. However, the patient insists on brushing her own teeth at bedtime. Which action would the nurse take? a. Allow her to brush her own teeth independently. b. Allow her family to brush her teeth for her. c. Get another nurse to brush the patient's teeth. d. Allow her to brush her teeth with supervision.

d

A patient with chronic arthritis is having difficulty with teeth brushing. Which statement best shows how the nurse can help with sensitivity in mind? a. "Give me the brush. I can make this go a lot faster." b. "I'll come back in 20 minutes when you are done." c. "Keep the brush steady and move your head back and forth." d. "I know you are used to doing this alone. If you let me help, we can get it done quickly."

d

Proper perineal care is extremely important for females as they are prone to which condition? a. Fungal infections of the skin folds b. Acne c. Bruises d. Urinary tract infections

d

The nurse correctly identifies which patient as having the highest risk for injury related to temperature of water when bathing? a. Patient with asthma b. Patient with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder c. Patient with a stroke d. Patient with diabetes

d

The nurse is asked to shave a patient who is taking warfarin (Coumadin). What is the most appropriate action? a. Refuse to shave the patient because he is on an anticoagulant. b. Shave as usual with a safety razor. c. Offer to wax rather than shave the patient. d. Use an electric razor.

d

The nurse is performing perineal care for the uncircumcised patient. Which action does the nurse take? a. Does not move the foreskin. b. Retracts the foreskin, pulling it away from the body. c. Leaves the foreskin retracted, allowing it to return to position naturally after care. d. Retracts the foreskin and returns it to its natural position after cleaning, rinsing, and drying.

d

The nurse is providing care to a post-stroke patient on the rehabilitation floor with a nursing diagnosis of impaired health maintenance. Which goal is most appropriate on day one? a. Patient will ambulate independently twice a day. b. Patient will perform all own ADLs. c. Patient will consume 75% of all meals. d. Patient will begin to perform 25% of own ADLs.

d

What statement by the nurse is true regarding oral care of patients on anticoagulants? a. Use an electric toothbrush daily. b. Avoid oral care. c. Use mouthwash only. d. Use a soft-bristled toothbrush.

d

When providing the patient with routine hygienic care, which action would the nurse omit? a. Massage the back with lotion b. Oral care with a toothbrush c. Shaving with a disposable razor d. Ear hygiene with cotton-tipped applicators

d

Which action must the nurse perform before a patient receives a shower? a. Ensure the patient would like to take a shower. b. Make sure a shower chair is available. c. Determine if the patient will take a stand-up shower or use a shower chair. d. Check the health care provider's prescription to determine if showering is safe.

d

Which hypothesis would the nurse select for a patient with redness and swelling at the site where a mole was recently removed? a. Pressure Ulcer/Injury b. Dry Skin c. Impaired Oral Mucous Membrane d. Traumatic Wound

d

Which member of the collaborative team is most appropriate to cut the toenails of a diabetic patient? a. Nurse b. Physical therapist c. Occupational therapist d. Podiatrist

d

Which piece of clothing would the nurse remove when looking for excoriations? a. Socks b. Pants c. Headband d. Adult diaper

d

Which statement indicates an understanding by the unlicensed assistive personnel of eye care during a patient's bath using washcloths and a bath basin? a. "The eyes are washed with soap and water from the inner canthus to the outer canthus." b. "The eyes should always be washed using sterile normal saline and a gauze sponge." c. "The eyes are washed from the outer canthus to the inner canthus using water only." d. "The eyes are washed with water using a clean part of the washcloth for each eye."

d