NUR 222 - Ch 43-47 - Test 4 PrepU superset

A client has sustained a *traumatic brain injury* with involvement of the *hypothalamus*. The health care team is concerned about the complication of *diabetes insipidus*. Which of the following would be an appropriate nursing intervention to monitor for early signs of diabetes insipidus?

Record intake and output. (p. 1197)

A patient diagnosed with *MS* 2 years ago has been admitted to the hospital with another relapse. The previous *relapse* was followed by a *complete recovery* with the exception of occasional vertigo. What type of MS does the nurse recognize this patient most likely has?

Relapsing-remitting (RR) (p. 1223)

The geriatric APN is doing client teaching with a client who has had a CVA and the client's family. One concern the APN addresses is a potential for *falls related to the CVA and resulting muscle weakness*. What would be most important for the APN to include in teaching related to this concern?

Remove throw rugs and electrical cords from home environment.

Which of the following are the immediate complications of spinal cord injury?

Respiratory arrest; Spinal shock

A client on your unit is scheduled to have intracranial surgery in the morning. Which nursing intervention helps to avoid intraoperative complications, reduce cerebral edema, and prevent postoperative vomiting?

Restrict fluids before surgery.

The nurse practitioner is able to correlate a patient's neurologic deficits with the location in the brain affected by ischemia or hemorrhage. For a patient with a left hemispheric stroke, the nurse would expect to see:

Right-sided paralysis. (p. 1251)

A patient is exhibiting classic signs of a hemorrhagic stroke. What complaint from the patient would be an indicator of this type of stroke?

Severe headache (p. 1251)

While providing information to a community group, the nurse tells them the *primary initial symptoms of a hemorrhagic stroke* are:

Severe headache and early change in level of consciousness

After a seizure, the nurse should place the patient in which of the following positions to prevent complications?

Side-lying, to facilitate drainage of oral secretions (p. 1214)

Which is a modifiable risk factor for transient ischemic attacks and ischemic strokes?

Smoking (p. 1250)

Which is indicative of a *right hemisphere stroke*?

Spatial-perceptual deficits (p. 1252)

Which condition occurs when blood collects *between the dura mater and arachnoid membrane*?

Subdural hematoma (p. 1189)

Which of the following is not a manifestation of Cushing's Triad?

Tachycardia (p. 1191)

Which cerebral lobe contains the auditory receptive areas?

Temporal (p. 1152)

Which of the following tests *confirms the diagnosis* of *myasthenia gravis* (MG)?

Tensilon test (p. 1227)

Which of the following are the *cardinal symptoms of Parkinson's disease* (PD)? Select all that apply.

Tremor; Rigidity; Akinesia; Postural disturbances (p. 1233)

The spinal cord is composed of 31 pairs of spinal nerves. How many pairs of thoracic nerves are contained within the spinal column?

Twelve (p. 1156)

Which of the following is the chief cause of intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH)?

Uncontrolled hypertension (p. 1249)

The nurse is assessing the client's pupils following a sports injury. Which of the following assessment findings indicates a neurologic concern? Select all that apply.

Unequal pupils; Pinpoint pupils; Absence of pupillary response

A client is sitting in a chair and *begins having a tonic-clonic seizure*. The most appropriate nursing response is to:

carefully move the client to a flat surface and turn him on his side. (p. 1213)

A typical spinal cord functions as a "highway" for sensory and descending motor neurons, providing conduction of impulses to and from the brain. The spinal cord is surrounded and protected by bony vertebrae, and ends between the:

first and second lumbar vertebrae. (p. 1172)

Lower motor neuron lesions cause

flaccid muscles (p. 1160)

A client admitted to the emergency department is being evaluated for the possibility of a stroke. Which assessment finding would lead the nurse to suspect that the client is experiencing a hemorrhagic stroke?

severe exploding headache

A client is actively hallucinating during an assessment. The nurse would be correct in documenting the hallucination as a disturbance in

thought content. (p. 1162)

A client has been diagnosed with a concussion and is to be released from the emergency department. The nurse teaches the family or friends who will be caring for the client to contact the physician or return to the ED if the client

vomits. (p. 1195)

The nurse is caring for a patient in the emergency department with an onset of pain related to *trigeminal neuralgia*. What subjective data stated by the patient does the nurse determine triggered the paroxysms of pain?

"I was brushing my teeth."

The nurse is preparing a client for a neurological examination by the physician and explains tests the physician will be doing, including the Romberg test. The client asks the purpose of this particular test. The correct reply by the nurse is which of the following?

"It is a test for balance." (p. 1166)

A client has been exhibiting neurological symptoms for several weeks and the neurologist is admitting the client to the hospital for extensive testing. Since diagnostics have not yet revealed the cause of the symptoms, which client statement would indicate the need for further client education?

"It's good to know the continual tingling in my fingers and toes is not connected with my nervous system!" (p. 1150)

A nurse is preparing a client for lumbar puncture. The client has heard about post-lumbar puncture headaches and asks how to avoid having one. The nurse tells the client that these headches can be avoided by doing which of the following after the procedure?

"Remain prone for 2 to 3 hours."

client is recovering from a lumbar puncture yesterday. The client reports a headache despite being on bedrest overnight. The physician plans an epidural blood patch this morning. The student asks how this will help the headache. The correct reply from the nurse is which of the following?

"The blood will seal the hole in the dura and prevent further loss of cerebral spinal fluid." (p. 1173)

A client with *Parkinson's disease* asks the nurse what their treatment is supposed to do since the disease is progressive. What would be the nurse's best response?

"Treatment aims at keeping you independent as long as possible." (p. 1234)

A client with quadriplegia is in *spinal shock*. What finding should the nurse expect?

*Absence of reflexes* along with *flaccid extremities* (p. 1204)

*Hyperglycemia* for a patient with a TBI may worsen the outcome of recovery. Select a serum glucose level that is considered critical.

180 mg/dL (p. 1194)

According to stroke performance measures, *nonambulatory* patients diagnosed with *either hemorrhagic or ischemia stroke* should start receiving *deep venous thrombosis (DVT) prophylaxis* by the end of which day?

2 (p. 1248)

Which of the following *intracranial pressure (ICP) values* would cause the nurse to contact the health care provider?

21 (p. 1190) ICP is normally 7-15 mmHg for a supine adult

A patient is admitted via ambulance to the emergency room of a stroke center at 1:30 p.m. with *symptoms that the patient said began at 1:00 p.m*. Within 1 hour, an ischemic stroke had been confirmed and the doctor ordered *tPA*. The nurse knows to give this drug no later than what time?

4:00 p.m. (p. 1248, 1253) - within 3 hours after onset of symptoms

A 154-pound woman has been prescribed tPA (0.9 mg/kg) for an ischemic stroke. The nurse knows to give how many mg initially?

6.3 mg (????? feedback sent) (p. 1256)

Which *Glasgow Coma Scale score* is indicative of a *severe head injury*?

7 (p. 1190)

A nurse is assisting with a community screening for people at high risk for stroke. To which of the following clients would the nurse pay most attention?

A 60-year-old African-American man (p. 1251)

A client in the surgical intensive care unit has skeletal tongs in place to stabilize a cervical fracture. Protocol dictates that pin care should be performed each shift. When providing pin care for the client, which finding should the nurse report to the physician?

A small amount of yellow drainage at the left pin insertion site (p. 1186)

*Myasthenia gravis* occurs when antibodies attack which *receptor sites*?

Acetylcholine (p. 1227)

Which term refers to the failure to recognize familiar objects perceived by the senses?

Agnosia (p. 1252)

A client who recently experienced a stroke tells the nurse that he has *double vision*. Which nursing intervention is most appropriate?

Alternatively patch one eye every 2 hours. (p. 1229)

The school nurse notes a 6-year-old running across the playground with his friends. The *child stops in midstride, freezing for a few seconds. Then the child resumes his progress across the playground*. The school nurse suspects what in this child?

An absence seizure

A client with *myasthenia gravis* is admitted with an exacerbation. The nurse is educating the client about *plasmapherisis* and explains this in which of the following statements?

Antibodies are removed from the plasma. (p. 1228)

A client has been admitted for observation after a closed head injury. There is clear fluid leaking from the client's nose. How would the nurse assess if this drainage is CSF?

Assess for a halo sign

Patient admitted to hospital after sustaining a closed head injury in a skiing accident. Physician ordered neurologic assessments every 2 hours. Patient's neurologic assessments unchanged since admission. Patient is complaining of a headache. Which intervention by the nurse is best?

Assess the client's neurologic status for subtle changes, administer acetaminophen, and then reassess the client in 30 minutes. (p. 1187)

Which interventions would be recommended for a client with dysphagia? Select all that apply.

Assist the client with meals; Test the gag reflex before offering food or fluids; Allow ample time to eat. (p. 1264)

Which term refers to the inability to coordinate muscle movements, resulting difficulty walking?

Ataxia (p. 1166)

Lesions in the *temporal lobe* may result in which type of agnosia?

Auditory (p. 1165)

You are a *neurotrauma* nurse working in a neuro ICU. What would you know is an *acute emergency* and is seen in clients with a *cervical or high thoracic spinal cord injury* *after the spinal shock subsides*?

Autonomic dysreflexia (pp. 1205-1206)

Which of the following is the most common side effect of tissue plasminogen activator {tPA}?

Bleeding (p. 1247)

A patient who has suffered a stroke is unable to maintain respiration and is intubated and placed on mechanical ventilator support. What portion of the brain is most likely responsible for the inability to breathe?

Brain stem (p. 1153)

An older client complains of a constant headache. A physical examination shows papilledema. What may the symptoms indicate in this client?

Brain tumor

The nurse is caring for a patient in the emergency department with a diagnosed *epidural hematoma*. What procedure will the nurse prepare the patient for?

Burr holes (p. 1189)

What part of the brain controls and coordinates muscle movement?

Cerebellum (p. 1153)

A patient presents to the emergency room with complaints of having an "exploding headache" for the last 2 hours. The patient is immediately seen by a triage nurse who suspects the patient is experiencing a stroke. Which of the following is a possible cause based on the characteristic symptom?

Cerebral aneurysm (p. 1247)

A nurse is preparing a client for a lumbar puncture. The client has heard about post-lumbar puncture headaches and asks what causes them. The nurse tells the client that these headches are caused by which of the following?

Cerebral spinal fluid leakage at the puncture site (p. 1173)

A halo sign is indicative of which of the following complication of brain injury?

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leak (p. 1186)

Which of the following is the earliest sign of increasing intracranial pressure (ICP)?

Change in level of consciousness (LOC) (p. 1194)

Which of the following is the earliest sign of increasing intracranial pressure {ICP}?

Change in level of consciousness (LOC) (p. 1194)

While the nurse is making initial rounds after coming on shift, you find a client thrashing about in bed complaining of a severe headache. The client tells the nurse the pain is behind the right eye, which is red and tearing. What type of headache would the nurse suspect this client of having?

Cluster

The critical care nurse is giving report on a client they are caring for. The nurse uses the Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) to assess the level of consciousness (LOC) of a female client and reports to the on-coming nurse that the client has an *LOC of 6*. What does an LOC score of 6 in a client indicate?

Comatose (p. 1164)

The nurse is offering suggestions regarding reproductive options to a husband and para-plegic wife. Which option is most helpful?

Conception is not impaired; the birth process is determined with the physician.

When the nurse observes that the patient has *extension and external rotation of the arms and wrists, and extension, plantar flexion, and internal rotation of the feet*, she records the patient's posturing as which of the following?

Decerebrate (p. 1188)

Low levels of the neurotransmitter serotonin lead to which of the following disease processes?

Depression (p. 1151)

Which is a *sympathetic* effect of the nervous system?

Dilated pupils (p. 1160)

The nurse is assessing a client newly diagnosed with *myasthenia gravis*. Which of the following *signs* would the nurse most likely observe?

Diplopia and ptosis (p. 1227)

Impaired balance and uncontrolled tremors of Parkinson's disease is correlated with which neurotransmitter?

Dopamine

Parkinson's' disease (PD) results in a decreased level of which of the following neurotransmitters?

Dopamine (p. 1233)

The nurse working on the neurological unit is caring for a client with a *basilar skull fracture*. During assessment, the nurse expects to observe *Battle's sign*, which is a sign of basilar skill fracture. Which of the following correctly decribes Battle's sign?

Ecchymosis over the mastoid

The nurse is caring for a client who has had a cerebrovascular accident. The client has a nursing diagnosis of altered nutritional status related to difficulty swallowing. What intervention would it be important for the nurse to institute?

Encourage the client to eat semisolid foods and cold foods. (p. 1264)

What safety actions does the nurse need to take for a client receiving oxygen therapy who is undergoing magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)?

Ensure that no client care equipment containing metal enters the room where the MRI is located. (p. 1170)

The nurse is caring for a client with mid-to-late stage of an inoperable brain tumor. What teaching is important for the nurse to do with this client?

Explaining hospice care and services

*Bell's palsy* is a paralysis of which of the following cranial nerves?

Facial (p. 1232)

Client has deteriorating neurologic status. The nurse is performing an assessment at the beginning of the shift that reveals a falling blood pressure and heart rate, and the client makes no motor response to stimuli. Which documentation of neuromuscular status is most appropriate?

Flaccidity

A patient has been diagnosed as having *global aphasia*. The nurse recognizes that the patient will be unable to complete which of the following?

Form words that are understandable or comprehend the spoken word (p. 1264)

A client tells the nurse that they have *transient ischemic attacks*. The client reports having undergone a *carotid artery surgery*. In such a case, what important assessments should be performed by the nurse?

Frequent neurologic checks (p. 1261)

Which disturbance results in loss of half of the visual field?

Homonymous hemianopsia (pp. 1263-1264)

Which of the following areas of the brain are responsible for temperature regulation?

Hypothalamus (p. 1153)

The nurse is caring for a client with an inoperable brain tumor. What is a major threat to this client?

Increased intracranial pressure (p. 1220)

A nurse practitioner provides health teaching to a patient who has difficulty managing *hypertension*. This patient is at an increased risk of which type of stroke?

Intracerebral hemorrhage (p. 1250)

The nurse is caring for a client admitted with a stroke. Imaging studies indicate an *embolus partially obstructing the right carotid artery*. What type of stroke does the nurse know this client has?

Ischemic (pp. 1256-1257)

What is the function of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)?

It cushions the brain and spinal cord. (p. 1154)

The nurse practitioner prescribes the medication of choice for an *MS patient* who is experiencing *disabling episodes of muscles spasms, especially at night*. Which of the following is the drug most likely prescribed in this scenario?

Lioresal (p. 1224-5)

The most important nursing priority of treatment for a patient with an altered LOC is to:

Maintain a clear airway to ensure adequate ventilation. (p. 1192)

A client is exhibiting signs of *increasing intracranial pressure* (ICP). Which *intravenous solution* (IV) would the nurse anticipate hanging?

Mannitol

*Osmotic diuretics* are an essential intervention for reducing *cerebral edema*. Which of the following drugs is most frequently prescribed for this situation?

Mannitol (p. 1194, 1197)

The nurse is educating a client with *myasthenia gravis* about *medications*. The nurse is sure to include which of the following?

Medications must be taken on time. (p. 1228)

To meet the sensory needs of a client with viral meningitis, which of the following should the nurse do?

Minimize exposure to bright lights and noise (p. 1219)

The Family Nurse Practitioner is performing the physical examination of a client with a suspected neurologic disorder. In addition to assessing other parts of the body, the nurse should assess for neck rigidity. Which method should help the nurse assess for neck rigidity correctly?

Moving the head and chin toward the chest (p. 1166)

The nurse is caring for a client with a spinal cord injury. What test reveals the level of spinal cord injury?

Neurologic examination (p. 1190)

Which is the initial diagnostic test for a stroke?

Noncontrast computed tomography (p. 1256)

Which of the following is the initial diagnostic in suspected stroke?

Noncontrast computed tomography {CT} (p. 1247)

A nurse is completing a neurological assessment and determines that the client has significant visual deficits. A brain tumor is considered. Considering the functions of the lobes of the brain, which area will most likely contain the neurologic deficit?

Occipital

When educating a patient about the use of *antiseizure medication*, what should the nurse inform the patient is a result of *long-term use* of the medication in *women*?

Osteoporosis (p. 1214)

A patient with a spinal cord injury is complaining of *pleuritic chest pain, shortness of breath, and is very anxious*. These manifestations would most likely correlate with which complication?

Pulmonary embolism (PE) (p. 1205)

The Family Nurse Practitioner is assessing a 55-year-old who came to the clinic complaining of being "unsteady" on their feet. What would be a test for equilibrium?

Romberg test (p. 1166)

What drug, prescribed for Parkinson's disease, has neuroprotective properties?

Selegiline {Eldepryl} (p. 1235)

What clinical manifestations does the nurse recognize when a patient has had a right hemispheric stroke?

You Selected: Aphasia Correct response: Left visual field deficit (p. 1251)

*Bell palsy* is a disorder of which cranial nerve?

Facial - number 7 (VII) (p. 1232)

Which is a nonmodifiable risk factor for ischemic stroke?

Gender (p. 1251)

Which neurons transmit impulses from the CNS?

Motor (p. 1159)

A client with newly diagnosed seizures asks about stigma associated with epilepsy. The nurse will respond with which of the following statements?

"Many people with developmental disabilities resulting from neurologic damage also have epilepsy." (p. 1211)

A nurse observes an *abnormal posture* response in an unconscious patient. She documents "extension and outward rotation of the upper extremities and plantar flexion of the feet." She is aware that this posture is a clinical indicator of which of the following?

*Decerebrate positioning* implying severe dysfunction and brain pathology (p. 1188, 1193)

Evaluating the level of consciousness using the *Glasgow Coma Scale* is an essential nursing assessment for a patient who has had an intracerebral hemorrhage. Which of the following scores would indicate the *need for immediate intubation*?

8 (p. 1259)

A patient had a *carotid endarterectomy* yesterday and when the nurse arrived in the room to perform an assessment, the patient states, "All of a sudden, *I am having trouble moving my right side*." What concern should the nurse have about this complaint?

A thrombus formation at the site of the endarterectomy

A client with a history of atrial fibrillation has experienced a TIA. In an effort to reduce the risk of cerebrovascular accident (CVA), the nurse anticipates the priority medical treatment to include which of the following?

Anticoagulant therapy

A client is admitted to an acute care facility after an episode of *status epilepticus*. After the client is stabilized, which factor is most beneficial in determining the *potential cause* of the episode?

Compliance with the prescribed medication regimen (p. 1212)

A client with a suspected brain tumor is scheduled for a computed tomography (CT) scan. What should the nurse do when preparing the client for this test?

Determine whether the client is allergic to iodine, contrast dyes, or shellfish. (p. 1168)

A patient is being tested for a gag reflex. When the nurse places the tongue blade to the back of the throat, there is no response elicited. What dysfunction does the nurse determine the patient has?

Dysfunction of the vagus nerve (p. 1158)

A patient suffering a stroke is having a difficult time swallowing. What would the nurse document this finding as?

Dysphagia (p. 1264)

The pre-nursing class is learning about the nervous system in their anatomy class. What part of the nervous system would the students learn is responsible for digesting food and eliminating body waste?

Parasympathetic (p. 1158)

A client presents to the emergency department stating numbness and tingling occurring down the left leg into the left foot. When documenting the experience, which medical terminology would the nurse be most correct to report?

Paresthesia

A client with a cerebrovascular accident (CVA) is having difficulty with eating food on the plate. Which is the best priority nursing action to be taken?

Perform a vision field assessment.

Which of the following is standard *test for* early diagnosis of *herpes simplex virus (HSV)-1 encephalitis*?

Polymerase chain reaction {PCR} (p. 1221)

A client has undergone a lumbar puncture for a neurological assessment. The client is put under the post-procedure care of a nurse. Which important post-procedure nursing interventions should be performed to ensure maximum comfort for the client? Select all that apply.

Position the client flat for at least three hours or as directed by the physician; Encourage a liberal fluid intake for the client. (p. 1173)

A client who is disoriented and restless after sustaining a concussion during a car accident is admitted to the hospital. Which nursing diagnosis takes the highest priority in this client's care plan?

Risk for injury (p. 1186)

A nurse on the neurological unit is caring for a client with a *basilar skull fracture*. Which high-risk nursing diagnosis is appropriate for this client?

Risk for meningeal infection (p. 1186)

The nurse is caring for a patient having a hemorrhagic stroke. What position in the bed will the nurse maintain this patient?

Semi-Fowler's (p. 1262)

A patient with Bell's palsy says to the nurse, "It doesn't hurt anymore to touch my face. How am I going to get muscle tone back so I don't look like this anymore?" What interventions can the nurse suggest to the patient?

Suggest massaging the face several times daily, using a gentle upward motion, to maintain muscle tone.

The nurse is completing the physical assessment of a patient suspected of a neurologic disorder. The patient reports to the nurse that he has recently suffered a head trauma. In such a case, which of the following precautions should the nurse take for the patient? Select all that apply.

The nurse should not move or manipulate the patient's head while assessing for bleeding or swelling. (p. 1164)

A client is hospitalized when presenting to the ER with right-sided weakness. Within 6 hours of being admitted, the neurologic deficits had resolved and the client was back to his presymptomatic state. The nurse caring for the client knows that the probable cause of the neurologic deficit was what?

Transient ischemic attack (p. 1250)

During recovery from a stroke, a client is given nothing by mouth to help prevent aspiration. To determine when the client is ready for a liquid diet, the nurse assesses the client's *swallowing ability* once per shift. This assessment evaluates:

cranial nerves 9 and 10 (IX and X) (p. 1158)

A patient sustained a head injury during a fall and has changes in personality and affect. What part of the brain does the nurse recognize has been affected in this injury?

Frontal lobe (p. 1152)

The nurse is performing an assessment for a patient in the clinic with *Parkinson's disease*. The nurse determines that the patient's *voice has changed* since the last visit and is now *more difficult to understand*. How should the nurse document this finding?

Dysphonia

A client has undergone a lumbar puncture as part of a neurological assessment. The client is put under the care of a nurse after the procedure. Which important postprocedure nursing intervention should be performed to ensure the client's maximum comfort?

Encourage the client to drink liberal amounts of fluids (p. 1172)

The nurse is expecting to admit a client with a diagnosis of *meningitis*. While preparing the client's room, which of the following would the nurse most likely have available?

Equipment to maintain infection control precautions (p. 1220)

Level of consciousness (LOC) can be assessed based on criteria in the Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS). Which of the following indicators are assessed in the GCS? Select all that apply.

Eye opening; Verbal response; Motor response (p. 1192)

From which direction should a nurse approach a client who is blind in the right eye?

From the left side of the client (p. 1263)

Which lobe of the brain is responsible for concentration and abstract thought?

Frontal (p. 1152)

A stroke victim is experiencing memory loss and impaired learning capacity. The nurse knows that brain damage has most likely occurred in which lobe?

Frontal (p. 1252)

During assessment of cognitive impairment, post-stroke, the nurse documents that the patient was experiencing *memory loss and impaired learning capacity*. The nurse knows that brain damage has most likely occurred in which lobe?

Frontal (p. 1252)

A client experiences *loss of consciousness, tongue biting, and incontinence, along with tonic and clonic phases of seizure activity*. The nurse should document this episode as which type of seizure?

Generalized (p. 1212)

During assessment of a patient who has been taking *dilantin* for seizure management for 3 years, the nurse notices one of the *side effects* that should be reported. What is that side effect?

Gingival hyperplasia (p. 1216)

Cranial nerve 9 (IX) is also known as which of the following?

Glossopharyngeal (p. 1158)

Which of the following advice should the nurse give a client with impaired physical mobility to prevent maceration and decrease the potential for bacterial growth?

Keep the skin clean and dry. (p. 1199)

A client has experienced an *ischemic stroke* that has *damaged the lower motor neurons of the brain*. Which of the following deficits would the nurse expect during assessment?

Lack of deep tendon reflexes

A nurse is preparing to administer an *antiseizure medication* to a client. Which of the following is an appropriate antiseizure medication?

Lamictal (p. 1216)

A 53-year-old man presents to the emergency department with a chief complaint of inability to form words, and numbness and weakness of the right arm and leg. Where would you locate the site of injury?

Left frontoparietal region (p. 1166)

A client is admitted with *weakness, expressive aphasia, and right hemianopia*. The brain MRI reveals an infarct. The nurse understands these symptoms to be suggestive of which of the following findings?

Left-sided cerebrovascular accident (CVA)

Which of the following is an age-related change in the nervous system?

Loss of neurons in the brain (p. 1161)

A client with weakness and tingling in both legs is admitted to the medical-surgical unit with a *tentative diagnosis of Guillain-Barré syndrome*. On admission, which assessment is most important for this client?

Lung auscultation and measurement of vital capacity and tidal volume (p. 1230)

Which is a chronic, degenerative, progressive disease of the central nervous system characterized by the occurrence of small patches of demyelination in the brain and spinal cord?

Multiple sclerosis (p. 1222)

A client is diagnosed with a brain tumor. The nurse's assessment reveals that the client has difficulty interpreting visual stimuli. Based on these findings, the nurse suspects injury to which lobe of the brain?

Occipital (p. 1152)

The nurse is assessing a client with *meningitis*. Which of the following *signs* would the nurse expect to observe?

Headache and nuchal rigidity (p. 1219)