NUR340 EXAM2
characteristics of healthy older adults:
- Lifetime of healthy habits - Strong social support system - Positive emotional outlook - Affected by personality traits, life experiences, current physical health, and current societal supports
Older adults and primary prevention
- health education (personal practices & vaccines) - nutrition, oral health, exercise, and sleep needs - safety and health needs - economic security needs - psychosocial needs: - coping w/multiple losses - maintaining independence - social interaction - companionship -purpose -spirituality, advance directives, hosice, palliative care, preparing for death
What are some key points about vulnerable populations?
- increased r/f adverse health outcomes - higher mortality rates - less access to healthcare + decrease in quality of care -usually uninsured/underinsured -lower life expectancy -overall diminished quality of life
health disparity causes:
- low socioeconomic income lvl - poor access to care + good quality care - race + ethnicity; overt discrimination
Role of government and communicable diseases: LEGAL SYSTEM RESPONSE (govt agencies are legally mandated to do what?)
-Provide info & resources to hospitals, clinics, & nursing homes to help prevent outbreaks - close schools -req. use of face masks w/airborne spread disease - set up clinics for administration of passive immunity measures (IGg) -shut down restaurants and inspect them if suspected of improper food storage -- require immunizations prior to school/daycare
chronic disease in older adults contributes to
-disability -diminished quality of life - increased healthcare costs
E.COLI OUTBREAK What educational efforts will you provide to the residents?
-inform them about the tainted lettuce, what brands are affected, what stores carried the lettuce, and what dates the lettuce was tainted -inform them abt symptoms of the illness if they ingested any of the tainted lettuce -they need to know what to do if they end up having symptoms d/t ingesting tainted lettuce
what are the root causes of vulnerable populations?
-poverty/ social economic status - uninsured/underinsured (dont get preventative care) -race + ethnicity (increases vulnerability)
What 5 topics should an individual cultural assessment interview include?
1. Personal Values & Beliefs 2. Communication 3. Family Dynamics 4. Cultural Identification 5. Biological Variations
When communicating and making a care plan, what are the 3 main universal needs to consider?
1. Safety & Security 2. Integrity & Meaning 3. Sense of Belonging
Criteria for effective health services of elder adults
1. comprehensiveness 2. coordination 3. accessibility 4. promotion of quality programs
Role of public health nurse (health disparities)
1. facilitation & assessing pts external support - family members, neighbors, friends, teachers, ect 2. Provide empowerment - client centered approach, trust, advocacy, teaching, role modeling, capacity building (focus on strengths not limitations) 3. Using evidence to reduce vulnerability - use evidence from research, expert opinion, best practices - locate evidence via agency documentation for nursing practice - evidence regarding health promotion& prevention
AGEISM MYTHS 1. Senility 2. Rocking chair 3. Homogeneity 4. Liability 5. Inability
1. its normal for older adults to become confused, child-like, and forgetful 2. as age increases, older adults withdraw, become inactive & cease to be productive 3. as older adults age, they lose their individ. differences and become more aline 4. elders are expensive & drain the economy 5. Older adults are unable to learn new things & are set in their old ways of doing things
Worldwide life expectancy
67 yrs old
Which factor is considered when determining social determinants of health? (Select all that apply.) A. Age B. Childhood experiences C. Employment history D. Social policies E. Place of birth
A. Age B. Childhood experiences C. Employment history E. Place of birth RATIONALE: The circumstances in which people are born, grow up, live, work, and age as well as the systems put in place to deal with illness are termed <i>the social determinants of health</i>. These circumstances are in turn shaped by the wider context, including economics, social policies, and politics.
A new client is scheduled at the clinic. During the assessment, the nurse notes a circular, dark pink indentation on the client's abdomen. The nurse is aware the client is not originally from the United States. What is the nurse's next best action in assessing this client? A. Ask the client to describe usual health beliefs and practices when the client becomes sick. B. Apply pressure to the area to determine if it blanches, then proceed with the assessment. C. Assume the client performs the cultural practice of cupping and ask when the client last did this. D. Assess the indentation and ask the client the origins of the circular mark on the abdomen.
A. Ask the client to describe usual health beliefs and practices when the client becomes sick. RATIONALE: A person's practices regarding health are influenced by beliefs about causes and effects of illness. In order to be effective in providing care for individuals from different cultures, community nurses must be accepting of others' cultural practices.
A community health nurse is working with the nearby Native American reservation to develop a program to reduce the health disparities this population faces. What is a known health disparity among these individuals that the nurse will want to address? A. Diabetes B. Stroke C. Heart disease D. Hypertension
A. Diabetes RATIONALE: Native American adults have twice the rate of diabetes when compared to non-Hispanic White American adults. They also face higher rates of tuberculosis, alcohol misuse disorder, unintentional injuries, suicide, and homicide.
Which groups are susceptible to health disparities? (Select all that apply.) A. Individuals partaking in drug treatment programs B. People who belong to ethnic or racial underrepresented groups C. People who did not finish high school D. Unemployed individuals E. Runaway teenagers
A. Individuals partaking in drug treatment programs B. People who belong to ethnic or racial underrepresented groups C. People who did not finish high school D. Unemployed individuals E. Runaway teenagers
A community nurse who routinely works in the immunization clinic notes an influx of new patients from Russia. The nurse wants to improve their knowledge of this new population. What steps can the nurse take to cultivate cultural sensitivity toward this new client population? (Select all that apply.) A. Interview some of the new members and inquire about cultural values. B. Perform an internet search to improve knowledge on the new client population. C. Provide care to the new population based on broad cultural values of health. D. Demonstrate a genuine interest in the lives and culture of the new clients. E. Acknowledge that differences in culture occur even within a common culture.
A. Interview some of the new members and inquire about cultural values. D. Demonstrate a genuine interest in the lives and culture of the new clients. RATIONALE: There are many ways to improve cultural sensitivity, including interviewing individuals about culture and beliefs, being interested and keeping an open mind, and participating in a cultural event in the community.
Which of the following are ways nurses can use government websites to provide care for their communities? (Select all that apply.) A. Locate services, such as housing, supportive care, and support groups B. Research current best practice evidence C. Access screening tools to help identify at-risk patients D. Find interventions for individual patients and communities
A. Locate services, such as housing, supportive care, and support groups B. Research current best practice evidence C. Access screening tools to help identify at-risk patients D. Find interventions for individual patients and communities RATIONALE: All of the above are ways that government websites can be used by nurses to help them care for their patients and communities. Government websites are reliable sources for current information on health care.
A community health nurse wishes to understand more on the transgender community so she can educate herself on this community. The nurse would enter which website below? A. www.tgtrain.org B. www.who.int C. www.census.gov D. www.cdc.gov
A. www.tgtrain.org RATIONALE: The web site for Transgender Awareness Training and Advocacy (2009) is http://www.tgtrain.org. The other web sites do not focus on the Transgender community.
Which of these communicable diseases are of most concern today? A. Pertussis B. HIV/AIDS C. Hepatitis D. Influenza E. Covid-19
ALL OF THEM
A public health nurse is developing an educational brochure on diabetes for the community clinic. Which group has a higher propensity toward health disparities related to cancer and diabetes? African Americans Alaska Natives Algerian Americans Asian Americans
African Americans RATIONALE: African Americans have the highest rates of cancer and diabetes when compared to Americans in the other population groups listed. Other health problems for which they are at higher risk include cardiovascular disease, stroke, and infant mortality.
Culture is defined as the behaviors & beliefs characteristic of which particular types of groups? (SATA) A. social group B. ethnic group C. age group D. nationality
All of the above
Common chronic conditions of older adults:
Alzheimer's disease Arthritis Cardiovascular disease Depression Diabetes Hearing loss Obesity Osteoporosis
During an intake assessment at the local health department, the nurse asks a Spanish-speaking client where in Mexico they were born. The client becomes angry and says they are from Colombia. What is the best action for the nurse to take? A. Explain to the client that most of the Hispanic individuals who come to the health department are from Mexico. B. Apologize for the cultural insensitivity, and make a mental note to be more careful in the future. C. Ask the client to provide education on the differences between people from Mexico and people from Colombia. D. Express regret for the assumption and find a Hispanic nurse to complete the interview process.
B. Apologize for the cultural insensitivity, and make a mental note to be more careful in the future. RATIONALE: If a nurse does not show cultural sensitivity and respect, they should first apologize and admit a limited amount of knowledge, and then express a willingness and openness to learn from the mistake.
A client seen at the health department has been diagnosed with a communicable sexually transmitted disease. The nurse realizes the client will need patient education. What is the best rationale for this education? A. Communicable diseases cause death in those they infect and must be treated early. B. Communicable diseases are contagious and easily spread from one person to another. C. Communicable diseases are infections that are easily treated with common antibiotics. D. Communicable diseases are infectious agents that spread through direct contact with others.
B. Communicable diseases are contagious and easily spread from one person to another. RATIONALE: Communicable diseases are a threat to public health. They are diseases that can be transmitted from one person to another through direct and indirect contact and are infectious in nature.
What is the initial nursing intervention when conducting a cultural assessment? A. Determining the presence of any existing language or communication barriers B. Establishing an accepting environment C. Gaining insight into the patient's cultural world view D. Arriving at mutually agreed-upon definitions of health beliefs and values
B. Establishing an accepting environment RATIONALE: Whatever method is chosen, it is important to create an atmosphere that encourages the client to tell their own story, with all its cultural nuances. Although the remaining options are valuable, they are based on an accepting environment between the nurse and the patient.
While working in the free clinic, the public health nurse is assessing a migrant farm worker who has an infection on their right hand. The nurse cleans the wound, applies antibiotic cream, and wraps the area to keep it clean. The nurse is conducting an assessment to determine if the client has any contributing factors related to health disparities. Which of these are considered contributing factors to health disparities? (Select all that apply.) A. Part-time employment B. No means of transportation C. Language barriers D. A diagnosis of schizophrenia E. Educational obtainment
B. No means of transportation C. Language barriers D. A diagnosis of schizophrenia RATIONALE: Language barriers, lack of access to healthcare without transportation, and mental health disorders are all contributing factors that can raise the risk of health disparities. Factors that positively influence health and health maintenance include safe housing; quality education; clean water, food and air; and social support.
What is the goal of a community health assessment (CHA)? (Select all that apply). A. Financing the implementation of the community health interventions B. Prioritization of community-focused health interventions C. Identification of community health resources D. Associating health needs with possible community resources E. Effective assessment of existing community health problems
B. Prioritization of community-focused health interventions C. Identification of community health resources D. Associating health needs with possible community resources E. Effective assessment of existing community health problems RATIONALE: The goal of a CHA is to identify the community health problems that are the priorities for intervention as well as community resources available to address each health problem or need. Financing the interventions is not a CHA goal.
A school nurse has determined there may be an outbreak of salmonella within the school and possibly the community. Who would the school nurse contact to report the possible outbreak? A. The state public health nurse B. The local emergency room C. The local health department D. The school nurse supervisor
C. The local health department RATIONALE: A potential outbreak should be reported to the local health department or agency to begin an investigation.
Is the following statement true or false? The Vulnerable Populations Conceptual Model includes demographic, social, and health belief variables.
False Rationale: The Vulnerable Populations Conceptual Model addresses resource availability, relative risk, and health status.
What are the main contributing factors to health disparities?
Inadequate access to care Inadequate quality of care Community Features (i.e. poverty) Specific health behaviors
Which condition is considered communicable? Obesity Malaria Glaucoma Neurofibromatosis
Malaria Rationale: Communicable diseases are caused by pathogens (e.g., viruses and bacteria) that multiply and enter hosts through a variety of mechanisms and influences. These diseases have the capacity to cause infections across living organisms, with life-threatening and potentially chronic effects. Malaria is considered communicable. None of the remaining options are communicable in nature.
forms of elder abuse
Physical abuse Abandonment sexual abuse emotional abuse verbal abuse/threats financial abuse
If a nurse is looking online for reliable information on HIV and AIDS, he should go to https://www.aids.gov. FALSE TRUE
TRUE
When using a website as a source for best practice evidence, it is helpful to search using key words. FALSE TRUE
TRUE
Self-reflection about cultural assumptions and biases is a practical step the nurse can take to cultivate cultural sensitivity and humility. FALSE TRUE
TRUE RATIONALE: Self-reflection about cultural assumptions and biases is a practical step the nurse can take to cultivate cultural sensitivity and humility. Cultural sensitivity requires self-reflection about personally held stereotypes and biases, along with self-assessment of one's own cultural influences.
Is the following statement true or false? A healthy older adult has a positive emotional outlook.
True Rationale: A healthy older adult is characterized by a lifetime of healthy habits, a strong social support system, and a positive emotional outlook.
Is the following statement true or false? Measuring the prevalence of vulnerable populations is difficult.
True Rationale: It is difficult to measure vulnerable populations because the populations are not distinct and overlap.
What situation is true concerning a patient diagnosed with latent tuberculosis (TB)? (Select all that apply.) -Usually has a positive skin test -Has a normal sputum test -Has a normal chest x-ray -Has a cough that has lasted at least 3 weeks -Can spread the disease to others
Usually has a positive skin test Has a normal sputum test Has a normal chest x-ray Rationale: The person with latent TB usually has a positive skin test but a normal chest x-ray and sputum test. The cough and potential to spread the disease is present only with active TB.
Which diseases are vaccine-preventable? (Select all that apply.) Varicella Measles West Nile Disease Influenza Smallpox
Varicella Measles Influenza Smallpox
Communicable disease (define it)
a disease that can be transferred from one person to another & is caused by an agent that is infectious + is transmitted from one source/reservoir to another
Human capital define & give examples
a person's investment in their own knowledge, capabilities & skills (self value) ex. job income education house
What would you do first to protect public safety? (pertaining to an e.coli outbreak)
alert the state health department they are responsible for tracking disease across county lines and will contact hospitals & hospitals to provide control measures to prevent/reduce illness. they will also alert federal gov't
What possible factors must a nurse consider to protect their community from diseases? A. Immunity B. Casual relationships & interactions of host/agent/environment C. role of government D. risks
all of the above
The immunization clinic nurse is assessing the Mantoux tuberculin skin test a client received 2 days ago. The result is positive. The client does not have signs or symptoms of active tuberculosis. The client is upset regarding the positive result and asks when to start the tuberculosis medication regimen. What is the nurse's best response to this question? A. "Usually treatment begins immediately with a positive test result for tuberculosis." B. "The tuberculosis medication regimen is started 8 to 10 weeks after exposure." C. "Not all people who are infected with tuberculosis have active tuberculosis; you will need further testing." D. "False results happen at times; we will send you to the hospital for a blood test and other diagnostic tests next time."
c. "Not all people who are infected with tuberculosis have active tuberculosis; you will need further testing." RATIONALE: If the skin test is reactive and no symptoms are noted, then the client may have a nonactive case of tuberculosis. The client will need further testing to verify latent TB.
What is the epidemiology triad
casual relationship of interactions between host, agent, and environment
what does social status include
class sex marital status setting (ex rural/urban)
What roles does a C/PHN have in an aging america
collaborator case manager (ID clients needs) advocate educator
Role of government and communicable diseases: SURVEILLEINCE
community health agencies city, state & county are responsible for tracking reportable diseases (A.K.A. surveillance) * Healthcare must report certain disease outbreaks. * Reportable diseases vary by state most include: COVID, STI, TB, FLU, MMR, PERTUSSIS MUST: - Analyze+ interpret data - Monitor for changes in disease rates - Implement prevention & control programs
intentional action that cause harm or create a serious risk of harm to a vulnerable elder by a caregiver or another person who stands in a trust-relationship with the older adult
elder abuse
HEALTH DISPARITIES & GOVT INITIATIVES Affordable Care Act ACA
expanded medicaid coverage to millions of low income households offered a health insurance marketplace that gives fams the ability to buy health insurance ppl cannot be turned away for pre-existing conditions nor asked to wait for a long period to be enrolled in health insurance
Older adults & secondary prevention
focus on early disease detection & prompt intervention -routine screening for HTN, Diabetes, & Cancer
Older adults & tertiary prevention
follow-up and rehabilitation after a disease has occurred/been diagnosed
HEALTH DISPARITIES & GOVT INITIATIVES Healthy People 2030 goal
goals measured by comparing many health indicators such as weight, activity lvl, lifestyle choices, and social factors
population-specific differences in the presence of disease, health outcomes, quality of care, and access to health care services that exist across racial & ethnic groups
health disparities
preventable differences in the burden of disease, injury, violence, or opportunities to achieve optimal health that are experienced by socially disadvantaged populations
health disparities
To which population do these health disparities apply? -This populations females are more than 1.5x more likely to be diagnosed w/cervical cancer when compared to females in other populations -The diabetes rates among females in this population are 1.5x higher when compared to non-hispanic white females
hispanic/ Latinx females
hospice care
holistic, compassionate care given to dying people and their families (patients with prognosis of 6mos or less)
vulnerability ___________ ones susceptibility to poor health
increases
differential vulnerability
individs in disadvantages social status groups are exposed to more stressors/vulnerabilties than those occupying advantaged social groups rltnshp between distress and social status
relative risk involves:
lifestyle behavior + choices use of health screening services stress ace's
social determinants of health includes:
living situation environment social economic genetic **social determinants are strongly assoc. w/health outcomes
goal for services for older adults?
maintenance of functional independence
To which population do these health disparities apply? -this populations infants die from SIDS at nearly 2.5x the rate of infants who are non-hispanic/white -this population is 2x as likely to have diabetes when compared to ppl who are non-hispanic/white
native american/native alaskans
Why is it difficult to measure the prevalence of vulnerable populations & factors?
populations are not distinct and overlap
respite care services
services that provide temporary relief for those who are caring for individuals with disabilities, illnesses, or the elderly
factors that have considerable impacts on health and health outcomes
social determinants of health
the direct relationship between social class/income & health
socioeconomic gradient
HEALTH DISPARITIES & GOVT INITIATIVES State Legislative Efforts
state policymakers are responding to health disparities by introducing legislation aimed to rectify or eliminate disparities.
palliative care
supportive medical and nursing care that keeps the patient comfortable but does not cure the disease
social capital define & give examples
the economic or productive potential of strong, trusting, and cooperative relationships ex. marriage family social ties + netwirks members in voluntary organizations
Relative risk
the exposure to risk factors that have been identified by a substancial body of research
highest life expectancy group? lowest life expectancy group?
white americans black americans
CULTIVATING CULTURAL SENSITIVITY (3.05) How can self-awareness help to cultivate cultural sensitivity?
➡ Be aware of your own cultural context tht may predispose you to assumptions ➡ If you catch yourself making a bad assumption, don't feel bad. Instead, cultivate curiosity and move fwd w/ awareness & respect
INDIVIDUAL CULTURAL ASSESSMENT INTERVIEW What are some communication questions to ask?
➡ What is the community member's primary language? ➡ In wht language does the comm. member prefer to communicate with you or other healthcare providers in? ➡ What are the styles of nonverbal communication of the community member?
INDIVIDUAL CULTURAL ASSESSMENT INTERVIEW What are some personal values & beliefs questions to ask?
➡ What is the community members greatest concern? ➡ What does the comm. member perceive tht you can be helpful to them as a nurse? ➡ Who does the pt believe has control over their future? ➡ What time orientation does the patient tend toward: past/present/future? ➡ Does the pt have any internal or external locus of control? (i.e. do they believe they have the power to change their circumstances, or are they more inclined to believe in fate/destiny?) HEAL OUTCOMES ARE POSITIVELY ASSOC. W/ AN INTERNAL LOCUS OF CONTROL, so if they express feelings of lack of control help them find ways to be empowered
INDIVIDUAL CULTURAL ASSESSMENT INTERVIEW What are some biologic variations questions to ask?
➡ What is the current health status of the community member? ➡Is pain expressed freely or only when asked? ➡ How does the community member perceive pain? Is it something to be tolerated or overcome?
INDIVIDUAL CULTURAL ASSESSMENT INTERVIEW What are some cultural identification questions to ask?
➡ Who does the comm. member consider to be a part of their culture? ➡Does the member belong to multiple cultures? (If so, be sure to interview for the unique perspective of each individual set of culture values) ➡ Are there specific societal roles within the culture? ➡What is the community member's role in that culture? ➡What are the beliefs and values specific to the culture, including spiritual, dietary, or philosophical considerations?
INDIVIDUAL CULTURAL ASSESSMENT INTERVIEW What are some Family Dynamic questions to ask?
➡ Who is the primary decision-maker in the family? ➡ Do decisions involve individuals/people beyond the family? (ex. elders or religious leaders) ➡ As their healthcare provider, is there an atmosphere of trust between you and the family? ➡ What are the styles of communication among the family members? ➡Is family closeness important?
CULTIVATING CULTURAL SENSITIVITY (3.05) How can individual assessment help to cultivate cultural sensitivity?
➡ dont be overwhelmed, if you dont know the value of a culture then just ask ➡ conduct an interview in which you inquire about cultural values + boundaries ➡ ppl feel respected/honored when you show genuine interest in their lives and culture ➡ check in regularly to update & correct your understanding (understanding many cultures is a continuous, life-long practice of learning)
Who are those that are most affected by health disparities?
➣ underserved racial/ethnic groups ➣individs. w/economic obstacles ➣ppl w/ disability ➣ppl w/ mental illnesses ➣ppl living in medically underserved communities ➣ppl living in urbal/rural areas
A disease outbreak has been noted in one neighborhood. The community nurse understands a number of actions may be taken by the government to contain the outbreak. What actions could be included for containment purposes? (Select all that apply.) A. Moving nursing home residents in the infected area to the local hospital B. Providing information about signs and symptoms of the illness to health care providers C. Setting up decontamination shelters in the community boundaries for uninfected members D. Closing schools until the outbreak is over E. Setting up clinics for administration of passive immunity measures
B. Providing information about signs and symptoms of the illness to health care providers D. Closing schools until the outbreak is over E. Setting up clinics for administration of passive immunity measures RATIONALE: In the case of outbreaks. schools and other places where people are in close proximity may be closed. Other actions may include alerting and working with health care providers and agencies to identify and reduce the threat of the infectious communicable diseases.
In preparing a health and wellness care plan for the local senior citizen center, the nurse ensures the consideration of the three universal needs. Which are universal human needs of the community? (Select all that apply.) A. Satisfaction in life transitions B. Safety and security C. Support for decisions D. Sense of belonging E. Social relationships
B. Safety and security D. Sense of belonging RATIONALE: After basic physiological needs are met including air, food, and water, universally, people work toward accessing safety and security as well as a sense of belonging.
A public health nurse is developing a program based on the goals of the government initiative Healthy People. Which are health indicators the nurse may use as a part of the program? (Select all that apply.) A. Technology usage B. Tobacco usage C. Substance abuse D. Environmental quality E. Exercise frequency
B. Tobacco usage C. Substance abuse E. Exercise frequency RATIONALE: Healthy People is an ambitious government health initiative with a specific agenda for improving the health of all Americans. According to its premise, the health of the individual is inseparable from the health of the larger community. The achievement of its goals is determined by measuring and comparing many health indicators, such as weight, activity level, lifestyle choices, and environmental and social factors.
To which population do these health disparities apply? -This populations males are more than 2x more likely to die from prostate cancer when compared to non-hispanic whites -this populations males are 2x more likely to have diabetes when compared to non-hispanic whites
Black Americans
While providing in-home wound care, the nurse notes the client is frequently vocal and screams at relatives when in pain. In performing a cultural assessment, in what area would the nurse document the frequent outburst and vocalizations? A. Biological variations B.Cultural identification C. Communication D. Family dynamics
C. Communication RATIONALE: Communication is a culturally influenced aspect that may influence how a person perceives and expresses pain.
When considering health views, which statement is the basis for discussions concerning the effect of culture? A. Cultures generally share a world view regarding how illness should be treated. B. The beliefs concerning the causes of illness are shared by most world cultures. C. Cultural world views can influence different beliefs regarding the causes of illness. D. Cultural world views are seldom concerned with health care issues.
C. Cultural world views can influence different beliefs regarding the causes of illness. RATIONALE: Different cultural world views tend to reflect different ideas about what causes disease. Beliefs and values are fundamental and differ concerning the origins and treatments of illness as well as the perception of health and wellness.
What is the source for established national objectives and health outcomes that guide health promotion in the United States? A. National Prevention Counsel B. The Millennium Development Goals C. Healthy People D.World Health Organization (WHO)
C. Healthy People RATIONALE: Healthy People, updated every 10 years, is an initiative that provides science-based national objectives for improved health outcomes that guide health promotion and disease prevention efforts in the United States.
Which of the following reflects the goal of service programs for healthy older adults? A. Provision of necessary care B. Comprehensiveness of services C. Maintenance of functional independence D. Ensured access to care
C. Maintenance of functional independence Rationale: The goal of services for healthy older adults focuses on maintaining the adults' functional independence. Comprehensiveness and accessibility are criteria for the effectiveness of service delivery. Provision of care reflects the activity of a service.
A child has been diagnosed with measles and excluded from school until no longer contagious. A teacher asks the school nurse why the child was infected since the child had received the required immunization. The nurse's best response is based on what fact about immunizations? A. Vaccines are produced from the live organism, so there is a small chance it will infect a noninfected person with the disease. B. Vaccines are produced according to the most common strain of organism, so there will be some people who acquire the disease. C. Each vaccine can potentially infect the person who receives it, even if the vaccine is made from non-live organisms. D. Each person is unique, and occasionally a person who receives a vaccine will not have a strong immune response and will get the disease.
D. Each person is unique, and occasionally a person who receives a vaccine will not have a strong immune response and will get the disease. RATIONALE: Vaccines are a mixture made from either a live or inactivated form of an organism used to create an immune response in the recipient. Vaccines made from an inactivated organism cannot replicate in the recipient. When a person gets infected despite having been vaccinated, it usually means their immune system did not mount a strong enough response.
A community health nurse wishes to understand more on the Substance Abuse Mental Health Services Administration's definitions of addicted people and their unique needs. Which website would the nurse go to? A. www.irs.gov B. www.cdc.gov C. www.goodwill.org D. www.samhsa.gov
D. www.samhsa.gov RATIONALE: Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA)
If there is a disease outbreak, how would you go about finding more potential cases? (e.coli outbreak)
ENSURE EVERYONE IS ALERTED 1. Alert hospitals & providers of outbreak, symptoms of disease, and what to look for in pts 2. provide a press release to the news media 3. notify the food distribution system that carries the food for consumers
Is the following statement true or false? Life expectancy is lowest among White Americans.
False Rationale: Life expectancy is highest among White Americans and lowest among Black Americans.
