NUR379 Evolve: Health Promotion and Safety - Health Promotion for Infants, MCH Sherpath Health Promotion Toddlers, Peds: Key Concepts and Theories of Growth and Development

What is a child at the concrete operational stage able to understand? Fact vs. fiction Socialized thinking Abstract thinking Far past and far future events

Fact vs. fiction

Piaget's Period 4 (11 years-adulthood)

Formal operations New ideas can be created; situations can be analyzed; use of abstract and futuristic thinking; understands logical consequences of actions

The nurse is teaching first time parents about techniques to soothe infant irritability. Which suggestions should the nurse include?

-Taking the baby for a car ride. -Swinging the baby in an infant swing. -Carrying the infant in a front pack close to the parent's chest.

The parents of a six-month-old infant report excessive drooling, fussiness, and loss of appetite. Which practices should the nurse recommend that may relieve these symptoms?

-Teething ring. -Frozen bagels. -Clean wet washcloth.

Proximodistal growth

-progression from the center outward, or from the midline to the periphery. The growth and branching pattern of the respiratory tract illustrates this concept.

Fat intake should be between ____% and ___% of calories for children 2 to 3 years of age

30; 35

Age of a newborn

Birth to 1 month

A rapid pace of growth is common in which age group? Select all that apply. From birth to 2 years From 10 years to puberty From 2 years to 10 years From 16 to approx. 24 years From puberty to 15 years

From birth to 2 years From puberty to 15 years

The nurse is evaluating the teaching provided to the parents of a three-year-old. Which statements made by the parents about motor vehicle safety recommendations would indicate to the nurse that teaching has been effective? Select all that apply. "Our child should be positioned in a rear-facing car seat." "Our child should be positioned in a forward-facing car seat." "Our child should be fastened into the car seat with a five-point harness." "Our child's car seat should be secured in the passenger side, front-seat position." "Sometimes I forget my purse in the house. I leave the child in the car when I quickly run into the house. This is OK."

"Our child should be positioned in a forward-facing car seat." "Our child should be fastened into the car seat with a five-point harness."

The nurse is working with parents who have reported that their toddler has had several temper tantrums. Which statements by the nurse suggest appropriate strategies for responding to a temper tantrum? "Tell the child to stop acting childish." "Tell the child he has no reason to act that way." "Let the temper tantrum run its course. The child just needs to wear himself out." "Tell the child that temper tantrums are not okay and put the child in his room until he calms down."

"Tell the child that temper tantrums are not okay and put the child in his room until he calms down."

The nurse is evaluating the teaching provided to parents about fall prevention for toddlers. Which statement(s) by the parents indicate that the teaching was effective? Select all that apply. "We need to install screen guards in our windows." "We should let our child freely explore and learn from experience." "We should remove any furniture that can be easily moved or tilted." "We should make sure our child doesn't climb on any breakable furniture." "We should check on our children periodically, so they learn how to maintain safety independently."

"We need to install screen guards in our windows." "We should remove any furniture that can be easily moved or tilted."

The mother of an infant asks the nurse for suggestions about ways to calm her infant's crying. Which response(s) by the nurse are appropriate?

-"Crying may cause increased gas causing pain." -"You can try swaddling. This can be very calming." -"Using a baby swing can comfort an irritable infant."

A patient who is pregnant asks the nurse how to prevent sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) when the baby is born. Which recommendations should the nurse provide to the patient?

-"Place your baby on the back to sleep." -"Have your baby sleep in the crib only." -"Do not expose your baby to second-hand smoke." -"Avoid smoking and alcohol during your pregnancy."

The nurse is teaching the parents of an infant about motor vehicle safety recommendations in order to protect their child in the event of a car crash. Which statements would indicate to the nurse that the teaching has been effective?

-"The infant car seat should have a three or five-point harness." -"The infant car seat should be placed in the middle of the back seat." -"Ideally, we should make sure our car seat and the car itself use the LATCH system."

A mother of a male baby reported smoking occasionally while pregnant. She reports allowing the baby to sleep in the bed with her, on a firm mattress without any covers. Which factors put this baby at risk for SIDS?

-Being a male baby. -Smoking occasionally in the house. -Allowing the baby to sleep in the bed.

The public health nurse is teaching community nurses about factors affecting the health of infants. Which factors that may affect infant risk for dental caries should the nurse include in the lesson?

-Coming from a low family income. -Using bottled water to mix formula. -Drinking after a mother with cavities. -Offering soda in a sippy cup to the baby.

A father asks the nurse for advice on caring for the teeth of his five-month-old infant who just cut the first two. Which recommendations should the nurse make?

-Gently brush the teeth with a wet cloth. -Do not put your baby to bed with a bottle.

The parents of an 11-month-old infant are inquiring as to the foods they should avoid feeding their infant. The nurse should instruct the parent to avoid which foods?

-Honey. -Whole grapes.

The nurse is creating safety brochures about the prevention of poisoning for different population groups. The nurse identifies which recommendations to include for parents and caregivers of infants?

-Lock all medication cabinets. -Place all houseplants out of reach. -Evaluate your home for lead sources.

The mother of a one-month-old infant asks the nurse for advice on establishing safe and consistent sleep practices. What recommendations does the nurse provide?

-Place the baby to sleep on the back. -Give the baby a warm bath before bed. -Put the baby to sleep at the same time every night. -Put the baby to sleep when the baby is drowsy, but awake.

Match the crib feature with the relevant safety recommendation.

-Slats: Must be <2 3/8 (6 cm) apart. -Surface: No lead based paint. -Drop side: Child proof. -Decoration: Not recommended.

The mother of an infant reports that her husband smokes but only smokes outside. She also states that the infant sleeps in a co-sleeper, with a light blanket and a stuffed bear. The nurse identifies which risk factor(s) for SIDS as high priority?

-Stuffed animals. -Baby sleeping prone.

Match the infant age with the most appropriate developmental action.

-Takes one or two naps: 12 months old. -Can begin to self-soothe: Four months old. -Sleeps 16 hours per day: Newborn. -Consistently sleeps all night: Six months.

Age of Infancy

1 month to a year

Age of Toddlerhood

1 to 3 years

Growth patterns

1. A rapid pace from birth to 2 years 2. A slower pace from 2 years to puberty 3. A rapid pace from puberty to approximately 15 years 4. A sharp decline from 16 years to approximately 24 years, when full adult size is reached

A typical dietary pattern for optimal growth and development includes which proportions of fat, carbohydrate, and protein? 20% fat, 50% carbohydrate, and 30% protein 50% fat, 30% carbohydrate, and 20% protein 15% fat, 35% carbohydrate, and 50% protein 40% fat, 40% carbohydrate and 20% protein

20% fat, 50% carbohydrate, and 30% protein

Fat intake should be between ___% and ___% of calories for children and adolescents 4 to 18 years of age

25: 35

Preschool age

3 to 6 years

Normal healthy

5th percentile to 84th percentile

School age

6-12 years

Overweight

85th to 94th percentile

Obese

95th percentile or more

Childhood obesity is defined as a BMI in which category? >50th percentile >75th percentile >85th percentile >95th percentile

>95th percentile

Which scenario would indicate that a child is at the latency stage of psychosexual development? A 2-year-old child who constantly places objects in his or her mouth A 13-year-old boy who finds excuses to talk to his female friend in class A 9-year-old girl who refuses to sit next to a boy on the bus because she is afraid of "boy germs" A 15-year-old child who fights with his or her mother about wanting to stay out late on weekends

A 9-year-old girl who refuses to sit next to a boy on the bus because she is afraid of "boy germs" This scenario would indicate that a child is at the latency stage of psychosexual development. It corresponds to the school-age child and is characterized by a time when sexuality can be repressed by the superego.

Which statement corresponds to Freud's puberty stage of psychosexual development? A child who places an object in his or her mouth A child who tries to control body functions A child who experiences personal and family turmoil A child who begins to develop a conscience and feelings of guilt

A child who experiences personal and family turmoil The puberty stage of psychosexual development is a time when the child is stimulated by increasing hormone levels; sexual energy wells up in full force, resulting in personal and family turmoil.

A 6-month-old infant is brought to the clinic and after assessing the child's head circumference, the nurse notes that the head circumference for this baby has gone from the 50th percentile to 10th percentile since the 2-month visit. What might this indicate? Select all that apply. A delay in skull growth A below-normal intelligence Disturbances in nutrition intake A problem with brain development Issues with physical development

A delay in skull growth Disturbances in nutrition intake A problem with brain development

A cephalocaudal pattern of growth is seen in which aspect of motor development? An infant will be able to roll front to back before he or she can crawl. An infant can use their upper limbs before he or she is able to use their lower limbs. An infant will be able to point to a moving object before they can bat the object. An infant will be able to lift the head before they demonstrate tripod sitting.

An infant can use their upper limbs before he or she is able to use their lower limbs. This aspect of motor development demonstrates a cephalocaudal pattern of growth.

Erikson's: Toddlerhood

Autonomy vs Shame and Doubt Development of a sense of control over the self and body functions; exerts self

A new parent reports that the infant cries incessantly in the evenings, often pulling the arms and legs into the body. The nurse understands that this may be due to which infant condition?

Colic.

Which directional pattern of growth is seen in early infant development? Dorsolateral Ventromedial Ventrolateral Cephalocaudal

Cephalocaudal Cephalocaudal describes head (cephalo) to tail (caudal) and is used to describe the pattern of normal growth and development in infancy. For example, a child learns to hold his or her head up before he or she learns to sit.

In order for toilet training to be successful, a toddler should demonstrate which signs of toilet training readiness? Select all that apply. Child can undress without assistance. Child removes a soiled diaper without assistance. Child sits through a movie without wetting a diaper. Child can self-feed using a fork and spoon at all meals. Child brings a diaper to the mother for a change when asked.

Child can undress without assistance. Child removes a soiled diaper without assistance. Child sits through a movie without wetting a diaper.

Piaget's Period 3 (7-11 years)

Concrete operations Thinking becomes more systematic and logical, but concrete objects and activities are needed

Which factor affecting growth and development is defined as the sum of beliefs and values shared and transmitted from generation to generation? Social Family Culture Physiological Psychological

Culture Culture is defined as the sum of beliefs and values shared and transmitted from generation to generation.

A three-year-old girl is brought to the emergency department with a third-degree burn on her hand. The mother is extremely distressed and says to the nurse: "My daughter is so active and curious—it is hard to predict her behavior." Why is it important for the nurse to discuss developmental milestones when advising this parent about safety measures? Select all that apply. Developmental milestones do not need to be discussed, since they are not related to this child's third-degree burn. Discuss the importance of keeping the child close at all times and preventing exploration and wandering to prevent injury. Discussing developmental milestones will help the mother prepare for the type of behavior the child will exhibit now and in the future. Discussing motor milestones, including increased motor capacity, explains why the child will be reaching and moving quickly, making the child more prone to accidents. Discussing cognitive milestones, including increased curiosity and the desire to explore without understanding the consequences of actions, will help the parent understand the need for child-proofing the home and close supervision of the child at this age.

Discussing developmental milestones will help the mother prepare for the type of behavior the child will exhibit now and in the future. Discussing motor milestones, including increased motor capacity, explains why the child will be reaching and moving quickly, making the child more prone to accidents. Discussing cognitive milestones, including increased curiosity and the desire to explore without understanding the consequences of actions, will help the parent understand the need for child-proofing the home and close supervision of the child at this age.

The parents of a two-and-half-year-old-patient are frustrated by their child's preference for only chicken nuggets. The nurse suggests which action(s) to help their child appreciate new tastes and encourage the consumption of a variety of foods? Select all that apply. Eat a wide variety of foods as a family. Make the child eat everything on the plate. Create routine by serving the same foods daily. Talk with the child about the foods they like most. Serve only the foods the child will agree to eat.

Eat a wide variety of foods as a family. Talk with the child about the foods they like most.

The parents of a three-year-old toddler report that the child refuses to eat dinner and will only eat once or twice a day. Which responses by the nurse are most appropriate? Select all that apply. Gather the child's weekly food history. Ask parents if child has a snack before dinner. Advise parents to offer smaller portions at mealtime. Encourage parents to offer only the child's favorite foods. Advise parents to make child sit at the table until all food has been consumed.

Gather the child's weekly food history. Advise parents to offer smaller portions at mealtime.

Multifactorial birth defects result because of a combination of which two factors? Select all that apply. Genetics Economic Environment Physiological Psychological

Genetics Environment

Erikson's: Adolescence

Identity vs Role Confusion Begins to develop a sense of "I"; lifelong process; peers become of paramount importance; child gains independence from parents; characterized by faith in self

Which two influences on growth and development increase the risk of occurrence of multifactorial birth defects? Select all that apply. If the child is female, the risk for multifactorial birth defects will increase. If one close relative has a severe form of the defect, then the risk for multifactorial birth defects increases. A risk for multifactorial birth defects increases if the mother has gestational diabetes. If several close relatives have the defect, whether mild or severe, it will increase the risk for multifactorial birth defects. If the mother is exposed to harmful chemicals during pregnancy, then the child is at increased risk for multifactorial birth defects.

If one close relative has a severe form of the defect, then the risk for multifactorial birth defects increases. If several close relatives have the defect, whether mild or severe, it will increase the risk for multifactorial birth defects.

Erikson's: School Age

Industry vs Inferiority Mastering of useful skills and tools of the culture; learning how to play and work with peers; characterized by competence

Erikson's: Preschool

Initiative vs Guilt Development of a can-do attitude about the self; behavior becomes goal-directed, competitive, and imaginative; initiation into gender role; characterized by purpose

A mother presents to the nurse and states, "just recently my child has developed a positive, 'can-do' attitude towards all of her tasks." Based on this comment the child has recently reached which stage of psychosocial development according to Erikson? Initiative vs guilt Trust vs mistrust Identity vs role confusion Autonomy vs shame and doubt

Initiative vs guilt

Erikson's: Adulthood

Intimacy vs Isolation Development of the ability to lose the self in genuine mutuality with another; characterized by love Generativity vs Stagnation Production of ideas and materials through work; creation of children; characterized by care Ego Integrity vs Despair Realization that there is order and purpose to life; characterized by wisdom

How does Erickson's theory of child development influence pediatric nursing? It provides a rationale for appropriate punishment of children. It provides a theoretical basis for teaching children life skills for the future. It provides a theoretical basis for the emotional care required for nursing. It provides feedback for thoroughly understanding why children may get sick.

It provides a theoretical basis for the emotional care required for nursing.

The nurse is providing discharge teaching to the mother of a two-day-old newborn. The mother expresses concern about how her three-year-old toddler will react to the new baby. The nurse explains that the toddler may experience which common reaction(s) to a new baby? Suspiciousness Intense joy and excitement Depression and withdrawn behavior Jealousy and feelings of resentment

Jealousy and feelings of resentment

What factors make children more vulnerable to environmental exposures? Select all that apply. Small body surface area Large body surface area Increased metabolic rate and growth Slow and gradual developing tissue in many body systems Immature and rapidly developing tissue in multiple body systems

Large body surface area Children have a larger body surface area which puts them at risk for harm caused by environmental exposures. Increased metabolic rate and growth An increase in metabolic rate and growth will make children more vulnerable to environmental exposures. Immature and rapidly developing tissue in multiple body systems Rapidly developing tissue in multiple body systems will make a child more vulnerable to environmental exposures.

Underweight

Less than the 5th percentile

Fear of punishment is the hallmark of which of Kohlberg's stages of moral development? Level of premorality Level of conventional morality Level of postconventional morality Level of self-accepted moral principles

Level of premorality Children at this level have no real understanding of right and wrong. Children will do what they are told to do rather than what is right. The child will demonstrate acceptable behavior because of a fear of punishment.

A child prefers to be with friends rather than with parents. The child is demonstrating which of Kohlberg's levels of morality? The level of premorality (stage 1) The level of premorality (stage 2) Level of conventional role conformity Level of self-accepted moral principles

Level of self-accepted moral principles

The father of an eight-month-old reports that the infant cries and clings to its mother when new friends or unfamiliar relatives visit the home. The nurse explains that this reaction is most likely caused by which?

Stranger anxiety.

A child who feels guilty about stealing a toy is demonstrating which of Kohlberg's stages of moral development? Select all that apply. Preconventional morality (stage 1) Preconventional morality (stage 2) Morality of conventional role conformity (stage 3) Morality of conventional role conformity (stage 4) Morality of self-accepted moral principles (stage 5)

Morality of conventional role conformity (stage 3) Morality of conventional role conformity (stage 4) Morality of self-accepted moral principles (stage 5)

A nurse is measuring the height and weight of a 4-year-old child during the well-child visit. The child's parents comment that they are concerned that the child's growth seems to have slowed down since the child was a toddler. The nurse knows that this is because of which factors? The child may be neglected at home. The child likely has a growth disorder. Normal growth slows down in this age group. The child isn't taking in enough calories for their age.

Normal growth slows down in this age group.

Which statement describes how nurses can use Piaget's theories in a pediatric setting? Select all that apply. Nurses can use the theories to develop teaching plans for children. Nurses can use the theories to predict health outcomes in children. Nurses can use the theories to understand the cognitive basis of fears. Nurses can use the theories to understand the physiological basis for disease. Nurses can use the theories to understand psychosexual stages of development.

Nurses can use the theories to develop teaching plans for children. Nurses can use the theories to predict health outcomes in children. Nurses can use the theories to understand the cognitive basis of fears.

According to Piaget's cognitive theory, which concept is demonstrated by an infant looking for a pacifier that has fallen out of the crib? Object permanence Operational thought Preoperational thought Concrete operational thought

Object permanence

The parents of a toddler are worried that the child is not eating at meal times. Which suggestions should the nurse make to promote healthy eating for the child? Offer three meals and two snacks per day. Offer the child a routine menu of nutritious food each day. Offer a treat, such as a cupcake, with meals to encourage a healthy appetite. Serve a large breakfast with a high protein content to increase the child's metabolism.

Offer three meals and two snacks per day.

A school-age child asks the school nurse about sexual development, which indicates that the child is in which Freudian stage of development? Anal stage Latency stage Genital stage Phallic or Oedipal/Electra stage

Phallic or Oedipal/Electra stage

A child who acts in a way to avoid consequences rather than internal feelings of right and wrong is demonstrating which of Kohlberg's levels of moral development? Premorality Morality of conventional role conformity Morality of self-accepted moral principles Morality of postconvential role conformity

Premorality Children at this level do not have a good understanding of right and wrong and will not feel guilty. Children will do what they are told to do rather than what is right. The child will demonstrate acceptable behavior because of a fear of punishment.

A 5-year-old who steals money from his or her mother's purse and does not understand consequences is likely at which stage of morality? Select all that apply. Premorality/preconventional morality Morality of conventional role conformity Morality of self-accepted moral principles Morality of nonconventional role conformity Instrumental hedonism and concrete reciprocity

Premorality/preconventional morality Instrumental hedonism and concrete reciprocity

If a child begins to make judgments and his or her thinking becomes more logical, Piaget would suggest the child is at which stage of cognitive development? Sensorimotor Preoperational Formal operational Concrete operational

Preoperational During the period of preoperational thought, language becomes increasingly useful to children. Children are able to make judgments and thinking becomes more logical.

Piaget's Period 2 (2-7 years)

Preoperational thought Thinking remains egocentric, becomes magical, and is dominated by perception

The nurse is preparing a community program to decrease the incidence of water-related accidents and deaths. The nurse should plan to implement teaching about water-safety issues in which ways? Select all that apply. Prepare handouts with parent education about home water safety precautions. Promote education about life jacket use on boats among summer camp populations. Organize community outreach sessions and material on swimming classes for children and water safety programs. Perform inspections at community pools and condo associations to check for pool safety issues. Provide pamphlets with information on preventing drowning deaths to community pool locations.

Prepare handouts with parent education about home water safety precautions. Promote education about life jacket use on boats among summer camp populations. Organize community outreach sessions and material on swimming classes for children and water safety programs. Provide pamphlets with information on preventing drowning deaths to community pool locations.

The parents of a toddler ask the nurse how to ensure their child eats a well-rounded diet. Which mealtime practices does the nurse suggest to help encourage the toddler to try a variety of new foods? Select all that apply. Spoon-feed the child. Provide whole milk daily. Offer large servings of tasty foods. Provide small portions every two to three hours. Offer varieties of a single type of food.

Provide whole milk daily. Provide small portions every two to three hours.

Which pattern of development growth can be described as "from the center outward"? Mediolateral Ventrolateral Proximodistal Coronal to sagittal

Proximodistal The term proximo refers to an anatomical area toward the center of the body or midline and distal refers to an area away from the center of the body or midline. Proximodistal describes a pattern of normal growth in infancy. For example, an infant will bat at objects before they can pick up a small object.

Which behavior is commonly exhibited by young children experiencing a stressful situation such as hospitalization? Regression Repression Sublimation Rationalization

Regression Regression is a reaction where a child reverts to an earlier form of behavior due to a stressful situation.

The nurse is teaching the mother of a newborn about the prevention of infant asphyxiation. Which priority strategy does the nurse recommend the parents implement even before the infant is mobile?

Remove crib decorations and fluffy bedding.

An infant is in the clinic for a six-month well visit. Height and weight are in the 50th percentile. The infant can sit and shows an interest in food. Which foods should the nurse recommend the parents introduce at this stage?

Rice cereal mixed with breast milk or formula.

Piaget's Period 1 (birth-2 years)

Sensorimotor period Reflexive behavior is used to adapt to the environment; egocentric view of the world; development of object permanence

The parent of a toddler reports that the two-year-old sometimes screams and hits himself in the head with a toy when it is close to bedtime. How would the nurse describe this behavior? Acting out Temper tantrum Tourette's syndrome Developmental disability

Temper tantrum

The nurse makes which recommendation(s) to the parents of a three-year-old who throws a tantrum every night at bedtime? Select all that apply. Set appropriate limits. Establish a regular bedtime routine. Set a behavior expectation plan. Allow the tantrums as a sign of autonomy. Identify the triggers for the tantrums.

Set appropriate limits. Establish a regular bedtime routine. Set a behavior expectation plan. Identify the triggers for the tantrums.

Freud suggested parts of the body assume psychological significance as the focus of which type of energy? Sexual energy Sensorimotor energy Preoperational energy Formal operational energy

Sexual energy Freud suggested that the body assumes psychological significance as the focus of sexual energy.

The progression of function in infants can be described by which patterns of growth and development? Select all that apply. Simple to complex General to specific Complex to simple Specific to general Functional to nonfunctional

Simple to complex General to specific

Erikson viewed development as a lifelong series of conflicts affected by which factors? Social and cultural Ecological and physical Biological and psychological Educational and environmental

Social and cultural Erikson suggested that development is a lifelong series of conflicts affected by social and cultural factors and that each conflict must be resolved for the child and adult to progress emotionally. According to Erikson, unsuccessful conflict resolution leaves the individual emotionally disabled.

An eight-week-old infant is exclusively formula fed, and take approximately four oz, six times per day. Which nutritional recommendation should the nurse recommend to the infant's parents?

Start vitamin D supplements.

Which environmental substances are known to have a teratogenic effect on the developing fetus? Select all that apply. Statins Ethanol Penicillin Vitamin D Acetaminophen (Tylenol)

Statins Statins should be avoided during pregnancy. Statins have been associated with hearing impairments in children of mothers who took statins during pregnancy. Ethanol Ethanol can lead to fetal alcohol syndrome if ingested during pregnancy and therefore it is one of the environmental substances known to have a teratogenic effect on the fetus.

The nurse is teaching the mother of a toddler about safety precautions necessary to prevent accidents and injuries. The nurse determines that the teaching has been effective when the mother identifies which situation(s) as requiring close supervision? Select all that apply. Taking a nap Taking a bath Taking medicine Climbing a tree Helping to cook in the kitchen

Taking a bath Taking medicine Climbing a tree Helping to cook in the kitchen

Which role does the nurse play in toilet training? Select all that apply. Explaining Piaget's and Freud's stages of development Teaching parents the importance of physical readiness Providing the parents with one-on-one toilet training coaching Making home visits to ensure the child is reaching appropriate milestones Teaching the parents about developmental signs of toilet training readiness

Teaching parents the importance of physical readiness Teaching the parents about developmental signs of toilet training readiness

The parent of a two-and-a-half-year-old with 19 teeth reports that they do not have fluoridated city water at home and do not have access to a dentist for preventative care. Which actions should the nurse take? Select all that apply. Tell the parents to apply a topical fluoride varnish daily. Tell the parents to apply a topical fluoride varnish every six months. Recommend that the parents give the child an oral supplement of 0.5 mg of fluoride daily. Recommend that the parents give the child an oral supplement of 0.25 mg of fluoride daily. Recommend that the parents give the child and oral supplement of 0.5 mg of fluoride every six months.

Tell the parents to apply a topical fluoride varnish every six months. Recommend that the parents give the child an oral supplement of 0.25 mg of fluoride daily.

Which statement reflects a child's ability to develop autonomy according to Erikson? The child learns to do chores. The child is able to pour milk from a cup. The child speaks in an appropriate tone of voice. The child no longer cries when taken from the mother.

The child is able to pour milk from a cup.

The pediatric nurse is teaching a new nurse how to recognize signs that a toddler is ready for toilet training. The nurse includes which indicators as signs of readiness for toilet training? Select all that apply. The child shows an interest in toilets and putty chairs. The child is able to pull up and remove his or her pants. The child is eager to please the parents with a dry diaper. The child notices his or her own wet diaper and may try to remove it. When placed on the toilet, the child will sit for a short time.

The child shows an interest in toilets and putty chairs. The child is able to pull up and remove his or her pants. The child is eager to please the parents with a dry diaper. The child notices his or her own wet diaper and may try to remove it.

The nurse would expect to observe which behaviors in an infant with an insecure parental attachment?

The infant is more easily comforted by a babysitter than the parent.

The nurse is assessing a newborn and notes that the head circumference is 13 inches and the chest circumference is 11 inches. What conclusion can be made by the nurse about this ratio? The newborn has a cardiovascular anomaly. The newborn is presenting with a normal growth pattern. The newborn is at risk of having microcephaly and neuro referral is needed. The child may have a developmental delay as the head should be at least 17 inches at birth.

The newborn is presenting with a normal growth pattern.

Why are age-appropriate growth parameters (height, weight, head circumference) measured and plotted at each well-child visit? Select all that apply. To help monitor neurological development To help evaluate basal metabolic rate (BMR) To predict the amount of fat cells gained yearly To calculate body mass index (BMI) in children over 2 years of age To monitor changes in growth rates, which can indicate an underlying health problem

To help monitor neurological development To help evaluate basal metabolic rate (BMR) To calculate body mass index (BMI) in children over 2 years of age To monitor changes in growth rates, which can indicate an underlying health problem

Erikson's: Infancy

Trust vs Mistrust Development of a sense that the self is good and the world is good when consistent, predictable, reliable care is received; characterized by hope

Which safety recommendation for burn prevention is the most important to provide to the parents of an active three-year-old? Keep the household water lukewarm. Monitor the barbecue grill closely while cooking. Use a fireplace screen when you have a fire in the fireplace. Turn pot handles toward the center of the stovetop when you are cooking.

Turn pot handles toward the center of the stovetop when you are cooking.

The nurse is providing safety teaching in an infant care class for pregnant first-time mothers and their partners. Which safety recommendation is the priority to include?

Use a rear-facing infant car seat.

The mother of a six-month-old infant states that she puts the baby to bed in a crib under a single blanket on a firm mattress and offers a pacifier. She indicates that the baby often rolls over to prone position once asleep. What should the nurse identify as the unsafe sleeping practice for this infant?

Use of a blanket in the crib.

A new mother reports that the baby is sleeping next to her own bed in a bassinet with a small pillow. She reports laying the baby on the back to sleep and says she has banned cigarette smoking in the house. The nurse identifies which practice as putting the baby at risk for SIDS?

Using a small pillow in the bassinet.

Which are the best resources to find an appropriate growth chart in assessing growth for a 1-year-old child? Food and Drug Administration growth chart American Academy of Pediatrics growth chart Center for Disease Control (CDC) growth charts for this age group World Health Organization (WHO) growth standards for this age group

World Health Organization (WHO) growth standards for this age group

A student nurse is learning the best way to measure the head circumference of an infant. Which is the appropriate advice? Measure across the pinna and over the broadest part of the parietal bone Wrap a no-stretch measuring tape above the supraorbital ridges and over the most prominent part of the occiput Wrap a no-stretch measuring tape around the forehead, across the temporal bone, and over the least prominent part of the occiput Wrap a no-stretch measuring tape across the widest part of the zygomatic arch and around the least prominent part of the occiput

Wrap a no-stretch measuring tape above the supraorbital ridges and over the most prominent part of the occiput

The nurse is teaching new parents about motor vehicle safety recommendations for their new baby. Place the safety recommendations in chronological order, starting with those necessary for a newborn.

can't find.