NURS 200 APA

What is exempt from the number rule?

Numbers that represent time, dates, ages, scores, medication, or a specific place are NOT written out ex: Room 5 presented to the emergency room with symptoms of a myocardial infarction (MI).

parenthetical citation

One: (Luna, 2020) Two: (Salas & D'Agostino, 2020) Three or more: (Martin et al., 2020) Group author with abbreviation first citation (National Institute of Mental Health [MIMH], 2020); Subsequent citations: (NIMH, 2020) Group author without abbreviation: (Stanford University, 2020)

Abstract

The word 'Abstract' is centered, at the top of the page using bold-print Brief (less than 250 words) summary of your paper and only reflects what is in the paper (no new information) Double-spaced, Not an introduction to the paper Do NOT indent this paragraph Do not include a direct quote Do NOT include citations Avoid phrases such as "This paper will" Abbreviations: -Must be defined If used again in paper, need to be defined again

Example of Journal Article Citation

Glenn, C. T., & Pieper, B. (2019). Forgiveness and spiritual distress: Implications for nursing. Journal of Christian Nursing (this part is italicized), 36(3), 185 - 189. https://doi.org/10.1097/CNJ.0000000000000613

Level 5 Heading-APA

indented, italicized, followed by a period. Text follows on the same line

If an abbreviation is introduced at the same time a citation is included....

separate them with a semi-colon

Alphabetize reference list entries with....

the last name of the first author of each work

Begin reference list with....

the word References at the top of the page. The word 'References' must be listed in bold-print

with every source change....

there will be an in-text citation with every paraphrase

in-text citations for a direct quote

Hughes (2018) states that "simulation manikins allow for quarterly skills training instead of the usual one day of training every two years" (p. 13). (This example starts with a "Signal phrase") "Simulation manikins allow for quarterly skills training instead of the usual one day of training every two years" (Hughes, 2018, p.13). (This example uses a "parenthetical citation")

if several sentences come from the same source....

cite the source after the first sentence unless you change the sources

The first time an abbreviation appears in the main body of the paper, it must be written out

completely and followed immediately by its abbreviation in parenthesis ex: Diabetes mellitus (DM) can result in a number of complications.

general formatting

-Be typed, double-spaced: NO EXTRA SPACES BETWEEN PARAGRAPHS. -'After' spacing needs to be set at 0 pt -On standard-sized paper (8.5"x 11") with 1" margins -12 point font size; Times New Roman font -Include a page number in the upper right-hand side of every page

Main body of APA paper

-Starts on page 3 (when an abstract is required) -Type the title of the paper centered, at the top of the page. Use bold-print as it is considered a level-one heading. -*Do not label the introduction as "Introduction" -Type the text double-spaced with all sections following each other without a break: no extra spaces between paragraphs) *be sure your "After" spacing is set at 0 pt* -Each paragraph begins with 0.5 inch indentation -Paragraphs should be 3 - 11 sentences in length

A direct quote must include:

-the author last name -the year of the publication -the page number from which the direct quote is coming from ... the page number is preceded by: p.

how the flow of the paper should be

1) Title page 2) Abstract 3) Body of Paper 4) References

When citing a work with two authors....

1) use "and" in between authors' name in the signal phrase (narrative citation) 2) "&" between their names in parenthesis citation

Level 4 Heading-APA

indented, followed by a period. Text follows on the same line

is a running head needed for the APA 7?

no

Numbers in APA 7

Use figures to express numbers 10 and above and words to express numbers below 10 ex: one, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, etc.

what is the format used for references?

Hanging indent is used (first line flush left and subsequent lines are indented one-half inch from left margin)

when should title-case be on a reference paper?

In general, the only title using Title-Case is the title of a journal when citing an article. example: Bussard, M. E. (2016). Self-reflection of video-recorded high-fidelity simulations and development of clinical judgment. Journal of Nursing Education, 55(9), 522-527. doi:10.3928/01484834- 20160816-06

APA uses an author-date citation system for citing references. Each citation in the text MUST have a corresponding listing in the reference page.

In-text citations must include: - Author last name - year of publication* *exception to this rule is multiple signal phrase citations of same source in a paragraph

How to format author names for references

Invert author's names (last name first followed by initials) * include a space between first and middle initials: Styles, H. E. Do NOT list credentials: Reid, S., PhD Use a comma to separate last names, initials, and any additional author names. Use an ampersand before the last author name (up to 20 names): Smith, J. , Kasonga, K., & DeVries, R. With 21 or more author names: Include the first 19 names, insert an ellipsis (with no ampersand) after the 19th name and then include the last authors name: ex: 17th name, 18th name, Styles, H. E., ... Reid, S.

If no date can be found on a source (typically on electronic sources).:

Jones (n.d.) found that ... In reference list: Jones, A. (n.d.). Life is good. Retrieved from ...

Retrieval dates are included....

ONLY from sources where the information might be changed or updated on the website ex: Mayo Clinic. (2018). Heart failure. http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/heart- failure/DS00061/DSECTION=tests-and-diagnosis In-text citation: (Mayo Clinic, 2018)

narrative citation aka signal phrases

One: Luna (2020) Two: Salas and D'Agostino (2020) Three: Martin et al. (2020) Group author with abbreviation (first citation): National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH, 2020); Subsequent citations: NIMH (2020) Group author without abbreviation: Stanford University (2020)

Sentence-case

Only the first letter of the first word is capitalized (the first letter of the first word in the sub-title is also capitalized) -example: Heart failure and circulatory shock: A case-based study •Sentence-case is used with: book titles, chapter titles in an edited book, article titles, website articles, etc.

title format for APA

Title is centered in the upper half of the title page (placed on the 3rd or 4th line) - BOLD, title case one double-spaced blank line between paper title and the author name(s) Student name in title-case, not in bold print Department, University name (use title-case) - School of Nursing, Liberty University Course number: course name (title case for name) Instructor name (title-case). Use appropriate titles. Page number in the upper right corner Assignment due date (MM/DD/YYYY)

DO NOT's

define abbreviations listed in the dictionary examples: IQ, AIDS, HIV, etc. define units of measurement (mmHg) or time abbreviations (hr, min) Once an abbreviation is defined, do NOT use the full version in the text again use abbreviations in the title of the paper

Level 3 Heading-APA

flush-left and italicized, text begins on the next line

Level 2 Heading-APA

flush-left, text begins on the next line

Double space the reference page with....

no added spaces between sources (be sure your 'After spacing' is set at 0 pt)

should you quote a direct quote?

no, unless you need the author's specific words

Use abbreviations sparingly.... for what?

only for terms used FREQUENTLY throughout the paper

two or more works, in-text citation

order them in the same way they appear in the reference list - the author's name, the year of publication - separated by a semi-colon (Hughes, 2016; Reid, 2017)

When a page number is not available (i.e. for some online references)....

use a paragraph # (abbreviate paragraph as para.)

When citing two or more works by the same author published in the same year....

use lower-case letters (a, b, c) with the year of publication to order the references, e.g. (order them in alphabetical order according to the title of the publication) ex: Mayo Clinic. (2016a). Guillian barre syndrome. http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/guillain-barre-syndrome/DS00413 Mayo Clinic. (2016b). Pneumonia. http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/pneumonia/DS00135 the in-text citation will include the letters (Mayo Clinic, 2016a)

after the using the full word with the parenthesis....

you should use the abbreviation exclusively

What gets italicized on a reference list?

Ø Book titles Ripken, N., & Lewis, G. (2013). The insanity of God: A true story of faith resurrected. B & H Publishing Group. ØWebsite article titles Johns Hopkins Medicine. (2019). Irritable bowel syndrome. https://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/health/condition/ibs Ø Journal titles Ø Volume of a journal article (do not italicize the issue number) Bussard, M. E. (2016). Self-reflection of video-recorded high-fidelity simulations and development of clinical judgment. Journal of Nursing Education, 55(9), 522-527. https://doi:org.10.3928/01484834- 20160816-06

Title-case

All the first letters of each word are capitalized (ex: Journal of Nursing Education) •Title-case is only used with the title of a journal

Books/e-Books citation format

Author last name, Initial. (year). Title of book: In sentence-case and italicized (_ th edition). Publisher.

AVOID doing this with APA

Avoid use of first person. (only first person if you are referring to your part in a research project or expressing your own personal views) DO NOT use contractions in APA. i.e. can't, cannot

Unreliable websites for an APA paper

Be suspicious if: -It is a .com (rather than a .org or .edu) -It is from a special-interest group -Its authors have no clear credentials or professional affiliation -It is not endorsed by a reliable professional organization -It includes no reference list or the references cited are not scholarly

Level 1 Heading-APA

Centered, paragraph begins on the next line

If the website name is the author....

DO NOT restate the website name again

ALWAYS include a unit of measurement with....

EVERY lab/VS in your papers Do not need to define abbreviations and symbols for units of measurement that are accompanied by numeric values