NURS 3050 practice quizzes
A client has been diagnosed with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Which drug category is usually administered to treat coexisting conditions that manifest early in CKD? A. antihypersentative medications B. antiarrhythmic medications C. nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs D. opioid analgesics
A
A client with a history of chronic kidney disease (CKD) is experiencing increasing fatigue, lethargy, and activity intolerance. The care team has established that the client's glomerular filtration rate (GFR) remains at a low, but stable, level. Which laboratory assessments will most likely be prescribed to help determine the cause of these new symptoms? A. blood work for hemoglobin, red blood cells, and hematocrit B. assesment for pancreatic exocrine and endocrine function C. cytoscopy and uteroscopy D. blood work for white blood cells and differential
A
A client with type 1 diabetes mellitus wishes to stop taking insulin injections. What option is appropriate? A. using an insulin infusion pump B. increasing daily aerobic activity C. taking metformin D. taking the herb chromium picolinate
A
A client's recent diagnosis of Parkinson disease has prompted the care provider to promptly begin pharmacologic therapy. The drugs prescribed will likely influence the client's levels of which substance? A. dopamine B. serotonin C. acetylcholine D. adenosine
A
A high school student sustained a concussion during a football game. The school nurse will educate the family about postconcussion syndrome and ask them to watch for and report which manifestations of its presence? A. headaches and poor concentration B. unilateral weakness and decreased coordination C. recurrent nosebleeds and hypersomnia D. neck pain and decreased neck range of motion
A
A sudden, traumatic, complete transection of the spinal cord results in what type of injury below the site? A. flaccid paralysis B. vasoconstriction C. 3+ tendon reflexes D. deep visceral pain
A
An 86-year-old female client has been admitted to the hospital for the treatment of dehydration and hyponatremia after she curtailed her fluid intake to minimize urinary incontinence. The client's admitting laboratory results are suggestive of prerenal failure. The nurse should be assessing this client for which early sign of prerenal injury? A. sharp decrease in urine output B. excessive voiding of clear urine C. acute hypertensive crisis D. intermittent periods of confusion
A
The primary care provider for a newly admitted hospital client has added the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) to the blood work scheduled for this morning. The client's GFR results return as 50 mL/minute/1.73 m2. The nurse explains to the client that this result represents: A. a loss of over half the client's normal kidney function B. a need to increase water intake C. concentrated urine D. that the kidneys are functioning normally
A
The transmission of impulses at the neuromuscular junction is mediated by which action? A. release of neurotransmitter acetylcholine from autonomic nerve endings B. nerve origin in thoracolumbar spine C. nerve stimulation of the adrenal medulla D. connection to paraspinal ganglion chain
A
The underlying causative problem in Parkinsonism is: A. failure of dopamine release B. genetic defect C. viral infection D. autoimmune disorder
A
What are the hallmark signs of diabetes mellitus? A. polyuria, polydyspia, polyphagia B. polyuria, polyphagia, polycythemia C. polycythemia, polydyspia, pheochromocytoma D. polyuria, polydyspia, pheochromocytoma
A
Which client would be considered to be exhibiting manifestations of "prediabetes"? A. a middle aged overweight adult with a fasting plasma glucose level of 122 with follow up OGTT of 189 mg/dl B. a school aged child who has a blood glucose level of 115 following lunch C. a retired female RN with a fasting plasma glucose level of 92 mg/dl D. an older adult client who got light headed when he skipped his lunch. blood glucose level was 60 mg/dl at the time
A
Select the most appropriate intervention for the nurse to teach a client diagnosed with distal symmetric neuropathy related to diabetes. A. wear comfortable, open toed shoes B. inspect the feet for blisters daily C. decrease daily walking activity D. rotate insulin injection sites once a week
B
Surgical stone removal is indicated for which instance? A. small stone without evidence of size increase B. obstruction of urine flow C. stone too small to pass D. mild, intermittent pain for one day
B
What is understood to be the cause of Huntington disease (HD)? A. it is caused by a virus B. it is an inherited as an autosomal dominant disorder C. it is the result of chronic alcoholism D. it is the result of brain trauma
B
Which neuron connects sensory and motor neurons? A. afferent neurons B. interneurons C. cranial nerves D. efferent neurons
B
A 35-year-old client is diagnosed with acute kidney injury (AKI) and is started on hemodialysis. The client is concerned with the diagnosis and wants to know what to expect in the progression of this disorder. Which statement best addresses the client's concern? A. "the occurence of acute kidney injury will always eventually result in chronic renal failure" B. "acute kidney injury is abrupt in onset and often reversible if recognized early if treated appropriately" C. "once your condition improves you can be placed on periotoneal dialysis for the rest of your life" D. "you will need to have a renal transplant to live a productive, healthy life"
B
A client experienced asymptomatic UTIs while pregnant. The client asks the nurse if this places her at any risk for complications. Which would be the best response by the nurse? A. "you are at risk for having a baby weighing over 10 pounds at birth" B. "you are at risk for developing acute pylonephritis" C. "you are at risk for a prolonged labor experience" D. "you are at risk for delivering your baby past its due date"
B
A client has passed a kidney stone composed of uric acid (urate). Which of the following pathologic conditions is a contributing factor for the development of this type of kidney stone? A. sickle cell disease B. gout C. arteriosclerosis D. atherosclerosis
B
A client is diagnosed with hyperthyroidism and is exhibiting weight loss, diarrhea, and tachycardia. What does the nurse understand that these clinical manifestations are related to? A. a decrease in oxygen consumption B. a hypermetabolic rate C. a decrease in sympathetic nervous system activity D. a decrease in the level of glucose
B
A client is to receive a radiocontrast media as part of a diagnostic scan. Which intervention is intended to reduce the nephrotoxic effects of the radiocontrast media? A. adminestering one unit of packed red blood cells B. increasing the normal saline intravenous infusion rate prior to the exam C. adiminstering ibuprofen 600 mg prior to the procedure D. having the client take nothing by mouth
B
A client with a new diagnosis of type 2 diabetes mellitus states, "I am really worried that I might need to take injections. Is there something I can do to avoid that?" What is the best response by the nurse? A. "diabetes management is complicated, you can't avoid injections" B. "you could regulate your diet, exercise regularly, and lose weight" C. "a support group could help you cope with stress and learn helpful tips" D. if you exercise weekly, you won't need injections"
B
A nurse caring for a client in myasthenic crisis identifies a priority concern as: A. ongoing physical therapy to maintain strength B. maintenance of airway and respiration C. monitoring for ptosis D. monitoring for difficulty chewing
B
A nurse is assessing a client's risk for developing a hospital-acquired urinary tract infection (UTI) and determines that which of the following places the client at greatest risk? A. prostate enlargement B. indwelling urinary catheter C. increased sexual activity D. impaired bladder emptying
B
A nurse is caring for a client who has a recent history of passing calcium urinary stones. Which of the following is a priority nursing consideration for this client? A. bowel elimination B. hydration C. skin care D. bed rest
B
A nurse is caring for a client with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). The client asks why a urinalysis is necessary. The best answer is that a urinalysis would determine whether which factor was present in the urine? A. cancer cells B. blood or protein C. potassium D. sugar
B
An adult client has been admitted to a rehabilitation center after hospital treatment for an ischemic stroke. Which aspect of the client's history would be considered to have contributed to his stroke? A. the man takes iron supplements for the treatment of chronic anemia B. the client's blood pressure has historically been in the range of 150/90 to 160/100 mm Hg C. the client is an Asian male D. the client takes corticosteroids for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis
B
An older adult client with Parkinson disease has been diagnosed with neurocognitive disorder. Which assessment finding would the nurse correlate with this new diagnosis? A. sadness and unexplained crying B. dementia and slowness of movement and thought C. weight changes D. increased anxiety
B
During physiology class, the instructor asks students to explain the pathology behind development of multiple sclerosis. Which student gave the most accurate description? A. atherosclerotic destruction of circulation of the brain, resulting in lactic acid buildup that affects nerve transmission B. the demyelination and subsequent degeneration of nerve fibers and decreased oligodendrocytes, which interfere with nerve conduction C. autoimmune disease where antibody loss of acetylcholine receptors at the neuromuscular junction causes decreased motor response D. muscle necrosis with resultant increase in fat/connective tissue replacing the muscle fibers
B
One of the earliest signs of Cushing syndrome is the loss of variable diurnal secretion of cortisol-releasing hormone (CRH) and: A. GH B. ACTH C. TSH D. DHEA
B
Which pregnant woman likely faces the greatest risk of developing gestational diabetes? A client who: A. has BP of 130/85 mm Hg and pulse rate of 90 beats/minute B. is morbidly obese C. was diagnosed with placenta previa early in her pregnancy D. is in her fifth pregnancy
B
A 25-year-old female client exhibits exophthalmos of both eyes. The health care provider recognizes this as a manifestation of: A. myxedema B. acquired hypothyroidism C. graves disease D. hashimoto thyroiditis
C
A client affected by postural hypotension will likely display what symptoms? A. sudden pain with movement to sitting position B. inability to sit upright due to muscle weakness C. dizziness and palor when moved to upright position D. flushing of skin with repositioning
C
A client arrives in the clinic and states to the nurse, "I am tired all the time and have gained weight. My hair is so dry it is breaking." The nurse assesses that the client's face is puffy with edematous eyelids and the outer third of the eyebrows are thinning. What lab test will the nurse prepare the client for that is characteristic of this disorder? A. LDL and HDL levels B. troponin and myoglobin levels C. T4 and TSH D. BUN and creatinine
C
A client has just been diagnosed with multiple sclerosis (MS). The nurse recognizes that the client's condition is a result of: A. circulating antibodies attacking the postsynaptic acetylcholine levels B. degeneration of the lower motor neurons in the gray matter C. an immune-mediated response that is caused by the demyelinization of the myelin sheath of the white matter of the brain, spinal cord, and optic nerve D. degenerative changes in the musculoskeletal system
C
A client has started having uncontrolled seizures that are not responding to usual medications. Nurses working with the client must pay special attention to which priority aspects of this client's care? Assessment of: A. ECG for arrythmias B. urine output and continence C. respiratory status and oxygen saturation D. ability to grasp hands and squeeze on command
C
A client's emergency magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has been examined by the physician and tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) has been administered to the client. What was this client's most likely diagnosis? A. subarachnoid hemorrhage B. encephalitis C. ischemic stroke D. status epilepticus
C
A geriatric nurse is caring for several clients. Which alterations in health should the nurse attribute to age-related physiologic changes? A. an 81 year old man's serum creatine level has increased sharply since his last blood work B. a 90 year old woman's blood urea nitrogen (BUN) is rising C. a 78 year old woman's GFR has been steadily declining over several years D. a dipstick of an 80 year old man's urine reveals protein is present
C
A nurse caring for a client with multiple sclerosis notes that the client has mood swings. Which cause can best explain this? A. likely a preexisting mental illness B. depression over new diagnosis C. psychological manifestation due to involvement of white matter of cerebral cortex D. a side effect of treatment
C
A nurse educator is conducting a course for newly diagnosed diabetes clients. Which statement by a participant should the nurse follow up first? A. "I know that we're supposed to get our eyes checked regularly, but my extended health insurance doesn't cover it" B. "my doctor suggested checking my blood sugar twice a day, but I've started doing it before each meal and at bedtime" C. "I've had a little sore on the sole of my foot for a few days, but I'm sure it will eventually heal" D. "I've started eating 4 or 5 smaller meals each day instead of 3 larger meals"
C
A nurse is teaching a client newly diagnosed with a seizure disorder. Which statement is most important for the nurse to provide regarding antiepileptic medications? A. children can build up a tolerance to the medication quickly B. all antiepileptic medications should be taken with food C. antiepileptic medications should never be discontinued abruptly D. pregnant women should reduce the dose of medication or discontinue after pregnancy
C
A teenager has been in a car accident and experienced an acceleration-deceleration head injury. Initially, the client was stable but then started to develop neurological signs/symptoms. The nurse caring for this client should be assessing for which type of possible complication? A. TIAs and cerebrovascular infarction B. momentary unconsciousness C. brain contusions and hematomas D. status epilecticus
C
The MRA scan of a client with a suspected stroke reports ruptured berry aneurysm. The nurse plans care for a client with: A. encephalitis B. lacunar infarct C. subarachnoid hemorrhage D. thrombotic stroke
C
The critical care nurse has just admitted a client with diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) whose blood glucose level is 877 mg/dL (48.67 mmol/L). The client's breath has a fruity odor and the client is confused. Which of these does the nurse set as the priority at this time? A. education related to prevention of DKA B. orienting the client to the events surrounding his admission C. administration of intravenous fluids D. monitoring for fever
C
The health care provider is concerned that a client may be at risk for problems with cerebral blood flow. The most important data to assess would be: A. decreased level of carbon dioxide B. decreased level of PCO2 C. decreased level of oxygen D. decreased hydrogen ions
C
The most common cause of ischemic stroke is: A. vasospasms B. arterial vasculitis C. thrombosis D. cryptogenesis
C
The nurse encourages a female client with recurrent urinary tract infections (UTIs) to drink which liquid on a daily basis? A. milk B. apple juice C. cranberry juice D. grapefruit juice
C
The nurse is caring for a client with a brain tumor when the client begins to vomit. Which intervention should the nurse do first? A. contact physician for anti-nausea medication orders B. assess for s/s of cerebrovascular accident (stroke) C. assess for other s/s of increased intracranial pressure D. document the finding as it is an expected symptom
C
The nurse is educating a newly diagnosed client with Hashimoto thyroiditis who is to be discharged from the acute care facility. What should the nurse be sure to include in the education to prevent complications? A. the client should be informed that if he observes an increase in fatigue, an extra dose of his thyroid medication should be taken B. the client should not participate in any exercise activity that could utilize more thyroid hormone C. the client should be informed about the signs and symptoms of severe hypothyroidism and the need for early intervention D. the client should skip a dose of the thyroid supplement if he has symptoms of fever or restlessness
C
Which effect of thyroid hormone deficit alters the function of all major organs in the body? A. causes vitamin deficiencies B. enhances absorption of glucose C. decreases metabolism D. increases protein synthesis
C
While caring for a client with Alzheimer dementia, the family asks about the medication. Which advantage of the cholinesterase inhibitors should the nurse mention? A. they help to control twitching in the client with neurocognitive disorder due to Parkinson disease B. they reverse the cognitive impairments resulting from dementia C. they have been shown to slow the progression of the disease D. they are prescribed as a monthly injection and help aid with sleep
C
A client diagnosed with Parkinson disease is displaying the following manifestations: tremor, rigidity, and slowness of movement. The nurse would interpret these as: A. manifestations of another disease process B. signs of clinical deterioration C. signs of clinical improvement D. normal manifestations of Parkinson's disease
D
A client suffering a thrombotic stroke is brought into the emergency department by ambulance and the health care team is preparing to administer a synthetic tissue plasminogen activator for which purpose? A. thrombogenesis B. hemostasis C. hemolysis D. thrombolysis
D
A client who has had recurrent urinary tract infections asks the nurse about the old wives' tale of drinking cranberry juice daily. Which response by the nurse is most accurate? A. "studies on this are based on a person drinking at least 1 gallon of juice per day" B. "there is no research on this topic, so I don't think it will help you" C. "beer is probably more effective at killing bacteria than cranberry juice" D. "research suggests that cranberry juice will reduce bacterial adherance to the lining of the urinary tract."
D
A client with a diagnosis of myasthenia gravis underwent a mastectomy. The surgery was a success, but the client has gone into a myasthenic crisis on postoperative day 1. Which priority measure should the care team initiate immediately? A. monitoring the client for painful dyskinesias B. positioning the client to minimize hypertonia and muscle rigidity C. seizure precautions with padded side rails and bed at lowest height D. respiratory support and protection of the client's airway
D
A nurse is assessing a client for early manifestations of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Which would the nurse expect the client to display? A. terry nails B. asterixis C. impotence D. hypertension
D
A nurse is caring for a client experiencing muscle fasciculations. Fasciculations appear as: A. weakness and loss of movement B. increased muscular resistance with range of motion C. rhythmic movements D. spontaneous contractions of muscle fibers presenting as twitching
D
A nurse is giving discharge instructions for a client who was diagnosed with acute pyelonephritis 3 days previously. Which instruction is important for the nurse to discuss when teaching the client? A. the client will require bed rest at home for 7 days B. restrict fluid intake to 1 L a day C. because the client received antibiotic in the hospital, there are no further medications required D. it is important that the client take the prescribed antibiotic for the duration of the prescription
D
After being thrown off the back of a bull, a bull rider can move his arms but has loss of motor function in the lumbar and sacral segments of the spinal cord. This is referred to as: A. anterior cord syndrome B. quadriplegia C. tetraplegia D. paraplegia
D
After receiving change-of-shift report about the following four clients, which client should the nurse assess first? A. 31 year old who has iatrogenic cushing syndrome with a capillary blood glucose level of 204 mg/dl (11.32 mmol/L) B. 22 year old admitted with SIADH who has a serum sodium level of 130 mEq/L (130 mmol/L) C. 53 year old who has Addison's disease and is due for a scheduled dose of hydrocortisone D. 70 year old returning from PACU following partial thyroidectomy who is extremely agitated, has an irregular pulse rate of 134, and an elevated temperature of 103.2
D
As the nurse is performing a physical assessment of a client, the client begins to have seizure activity including loss of consciousness and limb jerking. The nurse's priority is to: A. preserve brain functioning B. stop the seizure C. treat underlying disease D. protect the client from injury
D
Bradykinesia occurring in Parkinson disease places the Parkinson's client most at risk for: A. weight loss B. incontinence C. emotional dysfunction D. falls and injury
D
Peripheral neuropathy occurs most commonly with which disorder? A. alcoholism B. AIDS C. Cancer D. diabetes
D
The GFR is considered to be the best measure of renal function. What is used to estimate the GFR? A. BUN B. serum protein C. albumin level D. serum creatinine
D
The nurse is reviewing assessment data and determines which client is at highest risk for developing type 2 diabetes? A. a 10 year old male whose grandmother has type 2 diabetes B. a 60 year old female with a history of gestational diabetes C. a 40 year old male who has liver disease due to hepatitis D. a 45 year old obese female with a sedentary lifestyle
D
The nurse is teaching a newly diagnosed client with diabetes about fingerstick blood glucose testing. When the client obtains a premeal fingerstick reading of 206 mg/dL (11.43 mmol/L), which teaching by the nurse is most appropriate? A. blood glucose levels of 206 (11.4 mmol/L) are acceptable when you are ill B. this is a normal reading for after meals C. this reading is within normal range- continue your regimen D. this is an elevated reading- let's talk about adherance to insulin and a diet
D
The pancreas is an endocrine organ that is composed of the acini and the islets of Langerhans. The islets of Langerhans have alpha, beta, and delta cells as well as the PP cell. Which cells secrete insulin? A. alpha cells B. PP cells C. delta cells D. beta cells
D
Which disorder is a result of excess cortisol? A. hashimoto disease B. marfan syndrome C. turner syndrome D. cushing sydnrome
D
Which individual likely faces the greatest risk for the development of chronic kidney disease? A. a clilent whose diagnosis of thyroid cancer necessiated a thyroidectomy B. a first- time mother who recently lost 1.5 L of blood during a postpartum hemorrhage C. a client who experienced a hemorrhagic stroke and now has sensory and motor deficits D. a client with a recent diagnosis of type 2 diabetes who does not monitor blood sugars or control diet
D
Which is the most important factor in reducing hospital-acquired (nosocomial) urinary tract infections? A. using plastic rather than latex urinary catheters B. using prophylatic antibiotics in all surgecal clients C. irrigating urinary catheters with an antibiotic solution D. using urinary catheters only when necessary and their prompt removal when no longer needed
D
Which resident of a long-term facility is exhibiting clinical manifestations of hypothyroidism? A. a 91 year old man with a chronic venous ulcer who has developed sepsis B. an 88 year old man with a history of Alzheimer's disease who has become increasingly agitated and is wandering around the facility more frequently C. a 90 year old woman with a history of atrial fillbration whose dysrhytmia has recently become more severe D. an 80 year old woman who has uncharacteristically lost her appetite of late and often complains about being cold
D