NURS 3340 All Quizzes

Match the color-coded category of the Pediatric Early Warning Score with the correct numerical score. Each choice will be used only once. 1. Green 2. Yellow 3. Orange 4. Red A. 0-2 B. 3 C. 4 D. ≥ 5

1 - A 2 - B 3 - C 4 - D

12 Match the sickle cell complication with its definition/ explanation. Each answer may be used only one time. 1. Splenic sequestration 2. Hand-foot syndrome 3. Anemia 4. Acute chest syndrome 5. Stroke A. Splenic sequestration happens when a large number of sickle cells get trapped in the spleen and cause it to suddenly get large. Symptoms include sudden weakness, pale lips, fast breathing, extreme thirst, abdominal (belly) pain on the left side of body, and fast heartbeat. When the spleen doesn't work well, a person is more likely to have serious, life-threatening infections with certain types of bacteria. If splenic sequestration happens suddenly, it can be a life-threatening emergency. Parents of a child with sickle cell disease (SCD) should learn how to feel and measure the size of their child's spleen and seek help if the spleen is enlarged. B. Swelling in the hands and feet usually is the first symptom of SCD. This swelling, often along with a fever, is caused by the sickle cells getting stuck in the blood vessels and blocking the flow of blood in and out of the hands and feet. Treatment: The most common treatments for swelling in the hands and the feet are pain medicine and an increase in fluids, such as water. C. This is a very common complication of SCD. With SCD, the red blood cells die early. This means there are not enough healthy red blood cells to carry oxygen throughout the body. When this happens, a person might have: Tiredness; Irritability; Dizziness and lightheadedness; A fast heart rate; Difficulty breathing; Pale skin color; Jaundice (yellow color to the skin and whites of the eyes); Slow growth; and Delayed puberty D. This can be life-threatening and should be treated in a hospital. Symptoms and signs are similar to pneumonia. Signs and symptoms include chest pain, coughing, difficulty breathing, and fever. Prevention: Children with severe SCD can take a medicine called hydroxyurea to help prevent acute chest syndrome. People taking hydroxyurea must be watched closely because the medicine can cause serious side effects, including a low white blood cell count which increases the risk of dangerous some types of infections. A person who is on bed rest or has recently had surgery can use an incentive spirometer, also called "blow bottle," to help prevent acute chest syndrome. Treatment: Depending on the cause, treatment might include oxygen, medicine to treat an infection, medicine to open up airways to improve air, and blood transfusions. E. A stroke can happen if sickle cells get stuck in a blood vessel and clog blood flow to the brain. About 10% of children with SCD will have a symptomatic stroke. Stroke can cause learning problems and lifelong disabilities. Prevention: Children who are at risk for stroke can be identified using a special type of exam called, transcranial Doppler ultrasound (TCD). If the child is found to have an abnormal TCD, a doctor might recommend frequent blood transfusions to help prevent a stroke. People who have frequent blood transfusions must be watched closely because there are serious side effects. For example, too much iron can build up in the body, causing life-threatening damage to the organs.

1 - A 2 - B 3 - C 4 - D 5 - E

Match each medication with its therapeutic action in sickle cell anemia. Each answer may be used only one time. 1. Hydroxyurea 2. Morphine sulfate 3. Folic acid 4. Penicillin VK 5. Deferoxamine mesylate (Desferal) A. This medication increases fetal hemoglobin (HbF) production and slightly raises the total hemoglobin concentration in the body. Fetal hemoglobin reduces the chance that red blood cells will sickle in a person who has sickle cell disease. So increased production of HbF can reduce the occurrence of sickling-related complications such as vaso-occlusive crisis or acute chest syndrome. B. An opioid analgesic that is used to treat the severe pain of a vaso-occlusive crisis. C. This medication is necessary for erythropoiesis (formation of new red blood cells). Supplemental folic acid replenishes depleted folate stores secondary to hemolysis. D. Sickle cell disease patients are particularly vulnerable to infection. Children with sickle cell disease have a 20- to 100-fold higher rate of incidence of Streptococcus pneumoniae than the general population. This medication is given prophylactically on a daily basis throughout childhood to help prevent this infection from occurring. E. This medication helps prevent damage to the liver and bone marrow from iron deposition by promoting renal and hepatic excretion in urine and bile in feces. It readily chelates iron from ferritin and hemosiderin but not from transferrin. It does not affect iron in the cytochromes or hemoglobin. This agent is most effective when administered by continuous infusion. It gives urine a red discoloration.

1 - A 2 - B 3 - C 4 - D 5 - E

Match each medication with its therapeutic action in asthma. Each answer may be used only one time. 1. This medication is a leukotriene inhibitor. Leukotrienes are chemicals the body releases when a person breathes in an allergen (such as pollen). These chemicals cause swelling in the lungs and tightening of the muscles around the airways, which can result in asthma symptoms. This is a controller medication, not a rescue medication. This medication is used to prevent asthma attacks in adults and children as young as 12 months old. It is NOT used as a rescue medication for acute asthma attacks. 2. This medication is an oral corticosteroid. It prevents the release of substances in the body that cause inflammation (in this case, in the airways). It also suppresses the immune system. This medication is used as an anti-inflammatory. It diminishes airway inflammation, secretions, and obstruction. This medication is primarily used as a rescue medication. This oral medication is used in combination with short acting beta agonists (also called bronchodilators or rescue medicines) to treat moderate to severe asthma flare-ups. To treat acute asthma flare-ups, this medication is usually prescribed in "short bursts" of five days up to two weeks 3. This medication is a short-acting bronchodilator that relaxes muscles in the airways and increases air flow to the lungs. It is a short-acting betaadrenergic agonist, specifically targeting the beta-2 receptors in the lungs. This is a rescue medication. It is used in inhalation form to treat bronchospasm (wheezing or difficulty in breathing) in people with asthma. It is used for acute asthma attacks. It relaxes smooth muscle in the airways leading to rapid bronchodilation. This medication has been promoted to have fewer cardiac side effects (in other words, less tachycardia) than other beta-adrenergic agonists. 4. This aerosol solution is used for preventing asthma symptoms. It will not stop an asthma attack once one has started. This is a controller medication, not a rescue medication. This aerosol solution is an inhaled corticosteroid. It works by decreasing irritation and swelling in the airways, which helps to control or prevent asthma symptoms. The most commonly prescribed medications in maintenance control of asthma are inhaled steroids. Oral corticosteroids are more likely to cause side effects than inhaled corticosteroids because the oral corticosteroids are carried to all parts of the body. Inhaled corticosteroids, such as this medication, only go to the lungs. However, in aerosol form, it can affect the mouth and throat by causing oral candidiasis (thrush). To prevent thrush, the child should rinse his or her mouth or brush teeth and tongue immediately after inhalation. 5. This is the most commonly prescribed medication for rescue of asthma symptoms. It a short-acting beta-2 adrenergic agonist. This rescue medication can be administered via an inhaler or aerosolized with a nebulizer. Typically this medication can be given every 4 to 6 hours as needed. This medication is a bronchodilator that relaxes smooth muscles in the airways, leading to rapid bronchodilation and mucus clearing. Thus, it increases air flow to the lungs and does so rapidly. Side effects can include tremor, rapid heart rate and nervousness. 6. This medication is a bronchodilator that dilates airways. This is a rescue medication. It is used in treating acute symptoms of asthma. This medication blocks the effect of acetylcholine on airways. Acetylcholine is a chemical that nerves use to communicate with muscle cells. In asthma, cholinergic nerves going to the lungs cause narrowing of the airways by stimulating muscles surrounding the airways to contract. The "anti-cholinergic" effect of this medication blocks the effect of cholinergic nerves, causing the muscles to relax and airways to dilate. It also decreases mucus production. By blocking acetylcholine, this medication helps relieve the symptoms of asthma. When inhaled, this medication travels directly to airways, and very little is absorbed into the body. This medication is recommended for children age 12 and older. A. Montelukast (generic) Brand Name: Singulair B. Prednisone C. Levalbuterol inhalation (generic) Brand Names: Xopenex, Xopenex Concentrate, Xopenex HFA D. Beclomethasone (generic) Brand Name: Qvar E. Albuterol inhalation (generic) Brand Names: ProAir HFA, ProAir RespiClick, Proventil HFA, Ventolin HFA F. Ipratropium bromide (generic) Brand name: Atrovent HFA, Atrovent

1 - A 2 - B 3 - C 4 - D 5 - E 6 - F

Match the following congenital heart defects with the correct descriptor. There is only one descriptor per each defect. 1. Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) 2. Atrial Septal Defect (ASD) 3. Truncus Arteriosus (TA) 4. Coarctation of the Aorta (COA) 5. Atrioventricular Septal Defect 6. Transposition of the Great Arteries (TGA) 7. Patent Ductus Arteriosus (PDA) A. Aorta is lined up just over the hole between the bottom two chambers of the heart. B. There is a hole between the top two chambers of the heart. C. One large blood vessel with a single valve leaves the heart. D. There is a narrowing of the major artery from the heart to the body. E. There is a hole between the top two chambers and the bottom two chambers of the heart. Common with Down syndrome. F. The pulmonary artery and the aorta are in opposite position of where they should be. Two noncommunicating circulatory systems—a condition incompatible with life. G. There is an open connection between the aorta and the pulmonary artery.

1 - A 2 - B 3 - C 4 - D 5 - E 6 - F 7 - G

Match the behavior that is typical of a child in the preoperational stage of cognitive development with its descriptor. Only one descriptor is used with each item. 1. Object permanence 2. Egocentrism 3. Irreversibility 4. Centration 5. Symbolic thinking A. An object continues to exist even when it can no longer be seen. B. This does not mean selfishness or conceit as social psychologists use the word. This means that children lack the ability to consider another person's point of view or perspective. C. They start to use words, images, and symbols to represent their world. Such behaviors are characterized by: the use of language (the word "fly" represents an annoying, buzzing creature), and use of fantasy and imagination (remember when you built a fort out of the couch cushions?). D. They cannot reverse a sequence or logical operations. A child displaying irreversibility says 2 x 4 is different from 4 x 2. Likewise a child may be able to perform multiplication, but can't divide. E. This is the tendency to focus or center on one aspect of the situation and ignore other important aspects of the situation.

1 - A 2 - B 3 - D 4 - E 5 - C

Match each of the following four terms with the phrase that most closely describes it. Each answer may be used only once. 1. Length of time spent in the uterus 2. Less than 38 weeks gestation 3. More than 42 weeks of gestation 4. 38 to 42 weeks of gestation A. Gestational age B. Postterm gestation C. Preterm gestation D. Term gestation

1 - A 2 - C 3 - B 4 - D

Match the following skin disorders with their causative agents. Each item is used only once. 1. Koplik's spots, and a rash which spreads from central body structures out towards the arms and legs 2. Fine red rash, swollen glands, joint pain 3. Impetigo contagiosa 4. Head lice 5. Ringworm A. Rubella virus B. Rubeola (measles) virus C. Trichophyton tonsurans D. Pediculosis humanus capitis E. Staphylococcus or Streptococcus

1 - B 2 - A 3 - E 4 - D 5 - C

Match the structural genitourinary disorders with their definitions. Each item is used only once. 1. Urethral meatus located on the ventral (lower) side of the glans penis 2. Urethral meatus located on the dorsal (upper) side of the glans penis 3. Narrowing of the preputial opening of the foreskin that prevents retraction of the foreskin over the glans penis 4. Protrusion of bladder through lower abdominal wall 5. Failure of one or both testicles to descend into the scrotum 6. A fibrous band on the ventral side of the penis resulting in a ventral curvature of the penis 7. Collection of fluid in the scrotal sac A. Bladder exstrophy B. Hypospadias C. Phimosis D. Hydrocele E. Cryptorchidism F. Chordee G. Epispadias

1 - B 2 - G 3 - C 4 - A 5 - E 6 - F 7 - D

Please match the Erikson stage with the correct descriptor. Only one descriptor will be used with each item. 1. Trust vs. mistrust 2. Autonomy vs. shame and doubt 3. Initiative vs. guilt 4. Industry vs. inferiority 5. Identity vs. role confusion A. During this stage, toddlers learn to achieve self-control and willpower. Learns to control bodily functions. B. During this stage, children develop a sense of competency. Learns to socialize. C. Consumed with looks and viewpoints of others. D. The first stage, during which children develop faith and optimism. Develops mistrust if the needs are not adequately met. E. During this stage which occurs from ages 3 to 6 years, children develop direction and purpose. Teaching impulse control and cooperative behaviors during this stage help the child to avoid risks of altered growth and development. Develops conscience.

1 - D 2 - A 3 - E 4 - B 5 - C

Please match the infant reflex with the correct descriptor. Only one descriptor corresponds with each item. 1. Babinski 2. Moro (startle) 3. Palmar grasp 4. Stepping. 5. Rooting. 6. Sucking. 7. Tonic neck (fencing). A. When held in an upright position with the feet in contact with a hard surface, the infant will alternatively raise feet as if stepping or dancing. B. When the head is turned to one side, the arm and leg on that side extend (stretch out to fullest length) and the opposite arm and leg flex (curl upward). C. Immediate sucking when something placed in the mouth. D. With stimulation (stroking) the cheek, the neonate turns toward the stimulus. E. When the side of the foot on the side of the little toe is stroked, the infant's toes fan upward. F. When a finger is placed in the neonate's palm, the fingers grasp tightly. G. When there is a loud noise, or when lifted above the crib and lowered quickly, there is symmetrical abduction and extension of the arms with the fingers extended to form a 'C'.

1 - E 2 - G 3 - F 4 - A 5 - D 6 - C 7 - B

A child with asthma will be receiving an oral dose of prednisone. The order reads prednisone 2 mg/kg per day. The child weighs 50 lbs. The child will receive ____ milligrams daily. (Round the answer to the tenths place.)

45.5

A 12-year-old child has just been diagnosed with end-stage renal disease. The nurse gives the child instructions in which foods to avoid, including: A. Apricots B. Cranberry juice C. Apples D. Peach Italian ice

A

A 14 year old male with type 1 diabetes mellitus has been found wandering around in a state of confusion and is transported to the emergency department. He is sweaty and pale. The emergency nurse should recognize which of the following tests as priority for this child? A. Blood sugar check B. CT scan of the head C. Blood cultures D. Arterial blood gas

A

A 2-year-old child is being discharged home and will have palliative surgery for tetralogy of Fallot at a later date. The mother wants to know about how much physical activity she can allow for the child. The nurse's best answer is: A. "Allow the child to regulate her activity." B. "Keep her on complete bedrest." C. "Limit her activities to a few hours." D. "Keep the child from crying."

A

A 2-year-old is hospitalized with a fractured femur. In addition to pain medication, which of the following will best provide pain relief for this child? A. Parents' presence at the bedside. B. Age-appropriate toys. C. Deep-breathing exercises. D. Videos for the child to watch.

A

A 3-year-old child with a history of strabismus has an eye-patch over her eye. This is likely due to: A. Amblyopia B. Astigmatism C. Conjunctivitis D. Myopia E. Ptosis F. Uveitis

A

A 7-year-old client is diagnosed with rheumatic fever. The physician orders throat cultures of all family members. The nurse explains that: A. "Family members can carry streptococcus and be asymptomatic." B. The child must have infected others." C. "Rheumatic fever is familial." D. "Family members can carry the virus for rheumatic fever."

A

A baby is observed at birth to be noncyanotic. On physical examination the patient is found to have a continuous "machinery-type" murmur that is present in both systole and diastole. A nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug is prescribed, and on follow-up the murmur has disappeared. Which of the following is the most likely congenital lesion? A. Patent ductus arteriosus B. Tetralogy of Fallot C. Transposition of the great arteries D. Truncus arteriosus

A

A characteristic sign of necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) in the newborn is: A. Bloody diarrhea B. Necrosis of the abdomen C. Projectile vomiting D. High fever

A

A child has been diagnosed with sickle cell disease. The parents are unsure how their child contracted the disease. The nurse should explain that A. The mother and the father of the child have the sickle cell trait. B. The mother of the child has the trait, but the father doesn't. C. The father of the child has the trait, but the mother doesn't. D. The mother of the child has sickle cell disease, but the father doesn't have the disease or the trait.

A

A child is admitted to the hospital with the diagnosis of laryngotracheobronchitis (LTB). The nurse should be prepared to A. Administer nebulized epinephrine and oral or IM dexamethasone. B. Administer antibiotics and assist with possible intubation. C. Swab the throat for a throat culture. D. Obtain a sputum specimen after administering an albuterol sulfate inhalation solution.

A

A child is being seen in the ambulatory clinic for a sore throat diagnosed as caused by group A beta hemolytic streptococcus. The nurse provides care with the understanding that the risk of developing rheumatic fever is greatest: A. Two weeks later. B. Prior to the administration of an antibiotic. C. Once the child has begun antibiotic therapy. D. With the onset of the strep infection.

A

A child must be able to sit before he can walk. This is an example of which directional pattern of development? A. Cephalocaudal B. Proportional C. Proximodistal D. Linear

A

A child with acute asthma showing inspiratory and expiratory wheezes and a decreased expiratory volume should be treated with which of the following medications right away? A. albuterol (generic) Brand names: Ventolin, ProAir HFA, Ventolin HFA, Proventil B. budesonide and formoterol (generic) Brand name: Symbicort C. montelukast (generic) Brand name: Singulair D. theophylline (generic) Brand Name: Elixophyllin, Theo-24, Uniphyl E. salmeterol (generic) Brand Name: Serevent Diskus

A

A child with nephrotic syndrome has been placed on prednisone for several weeks. An important point of teaching with the parents should include: A. Never stop the medication suddenly. B. This drug is taken once a week on Sunday. C. The child should always take the medication at night before bed. D. This drug should be taken without food, on an empty stomach.

A

A child with nephrotic syndrome is severely edematous. The primary health-care provider has placed the child on bed rest. An important nursing intervention for this child should be to A. Reposition the child every two hours. B. Monitor blood pressure every 30 minutes. C. Encourage fluids. D. Limit visitors. E. Institute a protein-restricted diet.

A

A child, in renal failure, has hyperkalemia. The nurse plans to instruct that the child should avoid the following foods: A. Carrots and green, leafy vegetables. B. Chips, cold cuts, and canned foods. C. Spaghetti and meat sauce, breadsticks. D. Hamburger on a bun, cherry gelatin.

A

A maternity nurse is providing instruction to a new mother regarding the psychosocial development of the newborn infant. Using Erikson's psychosocial development theory, the nurse should instruct the mother to: (Choose the one best answer.) A. Consistently meet the infant's needs, when the newborn signals a need. B. Anticipate all of the needs of the newborn infant. C. Avoid the newborn infant during the first 10 minutes of crying. D. Attend to the newborn infant immediately when crying.

A

A mother questions the nurse regarding car seat safety for her infant. Which of the following information should the nurse include in the discussion? A. Place the infant seat rear facing in the back seat of the car. B. Move the car seat to the forward-facing position when the child reaches 1 year of age. C. Keep the child in a bucket seat until the child is at least 12 months of age. D. Tighten the straps of the seat so that only an adult fist fits under the straps.

A

A nurse admits a three-month-old infant to the pediatric floor for observation, with a medical diagnosis of Brief Resolved Unexplained Event (BRUE) (formerly Apparent Life-Threatening Event [ALTE]). A brief examination reveals that the child is alert, has an even and unlabored respiratory rate and effort, warm and pink skin, an instant capillary refill, oxygen saturation of 99%, and the pulse rate is regular at 124. An excerpt from the History of Present Illness is as follows: "The mother says she was holding the infant in her arms when the child stopped breathing. She had just had a bowel movement in her diaper. The mother yelled for her husband, who came, grabbed the infant and blew in her face. The mother states the child had 'turned a blue color' and didn't breathe until the husband blew in her face. She remained limp, moving little, and never cried. After approximately three minutes, the child returned to her normal active state." According to Gordon's Functional Health Patterns, which focus is priority for the nurse to assess? A. Activity Exercise Pattern B. Elimination Pattern C. Nutritional-Metabolic Pattern D. Sleep-Rest Pattern

A

A nurse is caring for a 10-year-old female who was admitted for diabetic ketoacidosis and new-onset diabetes. She has a normal FSBS (within her target blood sugar range) prior to lunch. She consumes no carbohydrates for lunch, although she did eat some protein and fat foods. Which of the following should the nurse administer after the nurse verifies with the girl what she consumed at lunch? A. No insulin B. Rapid-acting insulin to cover carbohydrates only C. Rapid-acting insulin to cover carbohydrates and pre-meal FSBS D. Rapid-acting insulin to cover pre-meal FSBS only

A

A nurse is preparing to care for a 5-year-old who has been placed in traction following a fracture of the femur. The nurse plans care, knowing that the child is in which stage of Kohlberg's Theory of Moral Development? A. Preconventional Moral Reasoning B. Conventional Reasoning C. Postconventional Moral Reasoning D. Universal Principles Moral Reasoning

A

A school-age child is admitted with a suspected acyanotic heart disease. After learning that the heart defect is a congenital disorder, the parents ask the nurse how they could have missed the problem all these years. The nurse's response should include the information that: A. Acyanotic heart disease may be asymptomatic. B. The child would only be cyanotic with great exertion. C. The parents should have recognized the symptoms associated with an acyanotic heart defect. D. The parents were probably ignoring the symptoms and hoping they would go away.

A

According to Piaget, this is the first stage of cognitive development. This is the period where the infant explores the environment and acquires knowledge through sensing and manipulation of objects. Which Piaget stage? A. Sensorimotor B. Preoperational C. Concrete operational D. Formal operational

A

Accurate fluid intake and output records and daily weights are particularly important in patients with kidney disease because: A. They aid in assessing kidney damage B. They help to determine nutritional adequacy C. They are important in assessing hypertension D. They provide a reliable method of determining infection

A

An appropriate nursing diagnosis for an infant with acute bronchiolitis due to respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) should be A. Activity intolerance. B. Decreased cardiac output. C. Acute pain. D. Ineffective peripheral tissue perfusion.

A

An infant weighed 2.9 kg (6.4 lbs) at birth. Now, at her 6-month well-child checkup, she weighs 5.8 kg (12.75 lbs). How should you describe her weight gain? A. Normal for age B. Small for age C. Large for age D. Excessive for age

A

By the age of 4 months, most infants should have received at least one dose of: A. RV, DTaP, Hib, PCV, IPV, HepB B. IPV, DTap, HepA C. DTaP, MMR, PVC, Hib, Varicella D. DTaP, HepB, HepA, PVC, MMR

A

During the nurse's initial assessment of a school-age child, the child reports a pain level of 6 out of 10. The child is lying quietly in bed watching television. The nurse should A. Administer prescribed analgesic. B. Ask the child's parents if they think the child is hurting. C. Reassess the child in 15 minutes to see if the pain rating has changed. D. Do nothing, since the child appears to be resting.

A

Eight-year old Steven has a difficult time making friends at school. He has trouble completing his schoolwork accurately and on time, and as a result, receives little positive feedback from his teacher and parents. According to Erikson's theory, failure at this stage of development results in _____________? A. Feelings of inferiority B. A sense of guilt C. A poor sense of self D. Mistrust

A

Following parental teaching, the nurse is evaluating the parents' understanding of environmental control for their child's asthma management. Teaching has been understood by the parents if they state A. "We will replace the carpet in our child's bedroom with tile." B. "We're glad the dog can continue to sleep in our child's room." C. "We'll be sure to use the fireplace often to keep the house warm in the winter." D. "We'll keep the plants in our child's room dusted."

A

Harness straps should fit A. snug and tight without any slack B. loosely so the child can get out of the car easily C. below the child's shoulders in a forward facing seat D. snug, but with one finger-width of slack

A

Huntington's disease, neurofibromatosis-1, achondroplasia, and Marfan syndrome are examples of genetic conditions transmitted by which pattern of inheritance? A. Autosomal dominant B. Autosomal recessive C. X-linked recessive D. Multifactorial

A

If a disorder is _______________ , it means the affected person only needs to get the abnormal gene from one parent to inherit the disease. One of the parents has to have the disorder. These disorders involve altered genes on autosomes rather than the sex chromosomes X and Y. Both males and females have an equal chance of being affected. There is a 50% chance of an affected child. A. Autosomal dominant B. Autosomal recessive C. X-linked recessive D. Multifactorial

A

In assessing children with congenital heart defects, the nurse would expect to see clubbing of the fingers and toes in the child diagnosed with: A. Tetralogy of Fallot. B. Atrial septal defect. C. Coarctation of the aorta. D. Patent ductus arteriosus.

A

Jayson is a 1 year old child who has a staph skin infection. Her brother has also developed the same infection. Which behavior by the children is most likely to have caused the transmission of the organism? A. Bathing together. B. Coughing on each other. C. Sharing pacifiers. D. Eating off the same plate.

A

On initial exam of a child with newly diagnosed Kawasaki disease, the nurse should expect to document: A. Dry, swollen, fissured lips. B. Non-palpable lymph nodes. C. Conjunctivitis with exudates. D. Cyanosis of the hands and feet.

A

The actual time that the fetus remains in the uterus is termed: A. Gestational age B. Intrauterine growth rate C. Neurological age D. Level of maturation

A

The client has been diagnosed to have glomerulonephritis. What should the nurse observe in the urine? A. Blood B. White blood cells C. Glucose D. Albumin

A

The following question stems from this scenario: Monique walks into the ED carrying her crying 18-month old daughter. She tells the nurse her daughter crawled into the leg of the ironing board. The hot iron tumbled off the board and the child touched it before she could interfere. But the burn is on the edge of the child's palm and on her wrist, not her fingers. "This isn't the first time she's touched the iron," Monique says. "You would think she'd learn." When the nurse examines the child, the mother complains that there is nothing wrong with her other than the burn on her hand. During her assessment, the nurse notes scars on the child's back and buttocks shaped like the tip of an iron. When child abuse is suspected, the nurse's initial assessment should include: A. Gathering information from many sources to determine how the injury occurred. B. Talking with the parents only about the injury. C. Looking for risk factors of abuse to confirm suspicions. D. Making sure the parents are aware that abuse is suspected.

A

The mother of a child with a heart defect is questioning the nurse about the child's medication. When discussing the diuretic the child is on, the nurse should place an emphasis on teaching about: A. Close monitoring of output. B. The digitalization process. C. The possibility that pulses in the child might be weak. D. The child's increased appetite.

A

The nurse correctly recognizes that a shared goal of early intervention for both maple syrup urine disease (MUSD) and phenylketonuria (PKU) is avoidance of which complication? A. Severe neurologic impairment B. Secondary liver disease C. Obesity D. Heart disease

A

The nurse has admitted a child with a ventricular septal defect (VSD) to the unit. An appropriate nursing diagnosis for this child is A. Impaired Gas Exchange Related to Pulmonary Congestion Secondary to the Increased Pulmonary Blood Flow. B. Deficient Fluid Volume Related to Hyperthermia Secondary to the Congenital Heart Defect. C. Acute Pain Related to the Effects of a Congenital Heart Defect. D. Hypothermia Related to Decreased Metabolic State.

A

The nurse is caring for a 4-year-old child with itchy, dry skin from eczema. The child's mother asks how to prevent flare ups. The best intervention to remedy this situation is to: A. Use less soap, keep well hydrated, and apply emollient cream B. Increase time in sun, use sunscreen, and avoid liquid softener on clothing C. Bathe more frequently, use Dial soap, and bathe with hot water to relieve itching D. Wear thick clothing as a barrier to scratching and rubbing, and try a scented deodorant soap

A

The nurse is developing a discharge teaching plan for the family of a child with Kawasaki's disease. Which of the following is the first priority? A. Teaching parents to administer aspirin and watch for side effects. B. Monitoring the child's temperature and notifying the doctor if it is over 98.6 degrees F. C. Recommending the child avoid contact sports. D. Establishing home schooling for 6 months.

A

The nurse is developing a plan of care for a child being admitted to the hospital who is immunosuppressed and who will be placed on neutropenic precautions. With regard to neutropenic precautions, which intervention is incorrect? A. admitting the client to a semiprivate room. B. placing a precaution sign on the door to the room. C. placing a mask on the client if the client leaves the room. D. removing a vase with fresh flowers left by a previous client. E. enforcing a diet with no raw fruits, vegetables, or pepper. F. avoiding performing rectal temperatures on this child.

A

The nurse is working with a hospitalized preschool-age child. The nurse is planning activities to reduce anxiety in this child. The most appropriate action by the nurse is to A. Provide the child with a doll and safe medical equipment. B. Read a story to the child. C. Use an anatomically correct doll to teach the child about the illness. D. Talk to the child about the hospitalization.

A

The nurse is working with a school-age child who is hospitalized. In planning care that will promote a sense of industry in this child, the nurse should A. Allow the child to assist with her care. B. Encourage parents to participate in the child's care. C. Give the child a detailed scientific explanation of the illness. D. Speak to the child in a high-pitched voice.

A

The nurse is working with an adolescent who will be admitted to the hospital in two days. The appropriate nursing approach to prepare the adolescent for hospitalization is A. Have teens who have had similar experiences talk to the adolescent about hospitalization. B. Provide an opportunity for the child to talk with an adult who has had a similar experience. C. Teach parents what to expect so the information can be shared with the adolescent. D. Provide an opportunity for the teen to try on surgical attire.

A

The nurse should expect to administer this drug for a sickle cell pain crisis A. Morphine sulfate. B. Meperidine hydrochloride. C. Acetaminophen. D. Ibuprofen.

A

The pediatric nurse is performing a developmental screen on a 15-month-old child. This child should typically be able to: A. Build a 3-block tower. B. Speak with a vocabulary of 10 words. C. Throw a ball without falling. D. Turn the pages of a book.

A

The pediatric nurse takes into consideration that the primary cause of infant mortality is: A. Congenital deformities B. Low birth weight C. Sudden infant death syndrome D. Systemic infection

A

The pediatric nurse understands that blood sugar is well controlled when hemoglobin A1C is: A. Between 4%-5.6% B. Between 12%-15% C. Less than 180 mg/dL D. Between 90 and 130 mg/dL

A

The stage that occurs between birth and one year of age is concerned with: A. Trust vs. Mistrust B. Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt C. Initiative vs. Guilt D. Identity vs. Role Confusion

A

What is the best liquid for the nurse to give to a child who has had a tonsillectomy? A. Apple juice B. Milk C. Pepsi D. Lemonade

A

When a preterm infant who is being gavage fed has a bloody stool, the nurse should: A. assess for abdominal distention. B. decrease the amount of the next feeding. C. institute enteric precautions. D. get a culture of the next stool.

A

When using an infant seat, the 5-point harness straps should be located: A. at or slightly below the infant's shoulders B. at or slightly above the infant's shoulders C. above the infant's shoulders D. an infant seat doesn't need harness straps

A

Which assessment finding by the nurse would be least suggestive of respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) in an infant? A. Bloating or swelling of the belly (abdominal distention) B. Breathing that stops and starts (apnea) C. Chest retractions (pulling in at the ribs and sternum during breathing) D. Tachypnea (rapid breathing)

A

Which nursing diagnosis is highest-priority for a 3-year-old child undergoing chemotherapy and experiencing nausea and vomiting? A. Deficient Fluid Volume B. Imbalanced Nutrition: Less than body requirements C. Impaired Comfort D. Disturbed Body Image E. Fatigue

A

Which of the following problems is expected in a child who is in end-stage renal failure? A. Anemia B. Diarrhea C. Hypotension D. Renal calculi

A

Which of the following should the nurse expect to note as a frequent complication for a child with congenital heart disease? A. Susceptibility to respiratory infection B. Bleeding tendencies C. Frequent vomiting and diarrhea D. Seizure disorder

A

Which stage of development is most unstable and challenging regarding development of personal identity? A. Adolescence B. Preschool age C. School age D. Toddler

A

___________ is a condition where a person's skin becomes chronically dry, itchy, and inflamed. It's not contagious, so no one can get it from another person. A combination of genetics and environmental factors are involved. It's caused by an error in the immune system that triggers germ-fighting cells to attack the body's own skin cells. The primary function of the skin is to act as a barrier. The skin provides protection from mechanical impacts and pressure, variations in temperature, micro-organisms, radiation and chemicals. When something triggers the immune system, the protective skin barrier cells form gaps, diminishing the skin's effectiveness as a barrier against harmful substances and bacteria. Moisture is then lost from the deeper layers of the skin, allowing bacteria or irritants to pass through more easily. As a result of the barrier dysfunction, the skin quickly becomes irritated, cracked and inflamed. A. Atopic dermatitis B. Impetigo C. Koplik spot rash D. Forschheimer's skin eruption E. Ringworm

A

Place in chronological order the correct sequence for the stages of infection. A. Acute illness B. Convalescent stage C. Prodromal stage D. Incubation

A - 3 B - 4 C - 2 D - 1

The nurse is admitting a 9-year-old child who hit a parked car while riding a bike. The child has a fracture of the left radius and femur in addition to a fractured orbit. The child is alert and oriented. An appropriate action by the nurse is which of the following? (Select all that apply.) A. Use the Numeric Rating Scale to determine the child's pain level. B. Tell the child to ring the call bell if the leg starts hurting. C. Administer pain medication as ordered and as needed per provider specification. D. Ask the child's parents to push the PCA button if the child complains of pain.

ABC

Preterm infants are at risk for cold stress. Which signs should alert the nurse that the preterm infant may be hypothermic? (Select all that apply) A. Cyanosis B. Hypoglycemia C. Irritability D. Periodic breathing pattern E. Bradycardia F. Abdominal distention

ABCE

Which of the following are characteristics of hemophilia or recommended treatment for hemophilia? (Select all that apply). A. In hemophilia, there is a deficiency of one of the factors necessary for blood coagulation. An abnormal clotting pattern occurs, resulting in an ineffective clot. B. Hemophilia is inherited as an x-linked recessive disorder. The mother passes this disorder to her male children. When a female inherits the gene from her father, she has a 50% chance of transmitting it to her son. C. Bleeding and bruising easily. D. It is characterized by extremely high creatinine levels. E. Gum bleeding occurs. F. Joint hemorrhages or hemarthrosis. Early signs are stiffness, tingling or aching in the joint, and inability to move the joint. Other symptoms are warmth, redness, swelling, and pain. G. Intracranial bleeding is the major cause of death in children with hemophilia. H. Rectal temperatures are preferred over axillary temperatures, due to the risk of infection with this condition. I. Ibuprofen should be given for pain and inflammation.

ABCEFG

A child is undergoing hemodialysis. The child should be monitored closely for (Select all that apply) A. Shock. B. Hypotension. C. Infections. D. Migraines. E. Fluid overload. F. Bleeding at the access site.

ABCF

Risk factors for child abuse and neglect include which of the following (select all that apply): A. Parents who were abused as children B. Female gender C. Low socioeconomic status D. Chinese ethnicity E. Age 5 through 15 F. Substance abuse and violence in the family

ABCF

Which of the following are characteristics of hemophilia? (Select all that apply:) A. Easy bruising occurs. B. Gum bleeding occurs. C. It is a hereditary bleeding disorder. D. It is characterized by extremely high creatinine levels. E. It is transmitted by autosomal dominant inheritance. F. The blood does not clot properly, due to defects or the absence of clotting factors in the blood. G. This condition is the result of a genetic defect in red blood cells that limits their ability to produce hemoglobin.

ABCF

Neonatal abstinence syndrome (also called NAS) is a group of conditions a newborn can have if he's exposed to addictive street or prescription drugs in the womb before birth. A baby can get addicted to these drugs and then go through drug withdrawal after birth. Which of the following are signs and symptoms of NAS? (Select all that apply) A. Body shakes B. Excessive crying C. Poor feeding D. Respiratory depression E. Excessive sleepiness F. Stuffy nose G. High-pitched cry

ABCFG

The nurse is aware that emancipated minors and those who qualify under the mature minor doctrine may sign consents for their own medical treatment without parent approval. Persons not needing parent approval for medical care would be: (Select all that apply.) A. a 14-year-old girl married to a 16-year-old boy B. a 17-year-old serving in the U.S. Navy C. a 17-year-old college freshman living in a school dormitory D. a 17-year-old seeking medical care for a sexually transmitted disease E. a 15-year-old seeking an abortion

ABD

The nurse is caring for a hospitalized 5-year-old patient with chicken pox. Which of the following precaution levels is appropriate for this patient? (Select all that apply) A. Airborne precautions B. Standard precautions C. Droplet precautions D. Contact precautions E. Reverse precautions

ABD

The nurse is teaching parents how to prevent a sickle cell crisis in the child with sickle cell disease. The nurse should explain that precipitating factors contributing to a sickle cell crisis include (Select all that apply) A. Fever. B. Dehydration. C. Regular exercise. D. Altitude. E. Increased fluid intake.

ABD

The private duty nurse is caring for a 10-year-old child who is taking 4 units of regular insulin and 30 units of NPH insulin at 0800. The nurse keeps which of the following in mind regarding this regimen? (Select all that apply) A. Child may experience hypoglycemia shortly after breakfast. B. Child may experience hypoglycemia at dinnertime. C. Shake vial of insulin to disperse insulin particles evenly. D. Administer room temperature insulin only. E. Neither insulin can be administered intravenously.

ABD

3The pediatric nurse understands that advantages of an external insulin infusion pump include which of the following? (Select all that apply) A. Delivers a continuous infusion of insulin B. Helps maintain blood glucose control between meals C. Costs less than other insulin therapies D. Reduces number of injections E. Results in fewer incidences of diabetic ketoacidosis F. Reduces the need to monitor blood glucose frequently

ABDE

An infant is born with bladder exstrophy. The nurse should (Select all that apply.) A. Cover exposed bladder tissue with sterile plastic wrap. B. Assess skin surace around the exposed area for excoriation. C. Abduct the infant's legs. D. Irrigate bladder mucosa with warm saline. E. Tie umbilical cord with 2.0 silk suture. F. Clamp the umbilical cord before it is cut with a plastic umbilical cord clamp. G. Maintain the newborn in Fowler's position.

ABDE

The nurse is providing teaching to the mother to help prevent another UTI. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include in the teaching? (Select all that apply.) A. Avoid giving the child bubble baths. B. Change the child's bathing suit immediately after swimming. C. Encourage the child to go to the bathroom every 6 hours. D. Have the child wear cotton, rather than nylon, underpants. E. Instruct the child to wipe from front to back after voiding

ABDE

The nurse is reviewing discharge instructions with the child and his parent for a school-age child with acute glomerulonephritis. Which of the following should the nurse include? (Select all that apply.) A. Weigh the child daily. B. Check the child's blood pressure daily. C. Resume usual physical activity. D. Continue the prescribed antibiotics. E. Elevate edematous body parts.

ABDE

Which of the following are accurate statements concerning avoidant-restrictive food intake disorder (ARFID)? (ARFID was formerly known as failure to thrive.) Select all that apply: A. ARFID is defined as a weight that falls below the 5th percentile on a growth chart, and weight-for-length that is less than 80%. B. The cause of ARFID can be organic or nonorganic. C. Most cases of ARFID are organic, such as inborn errors of metabolism, congenital heart defect, or neurologic disease. D. Most cases of ARFID involve inadequate caloric intake caused by behavioral or psychosocial issues. E. A multidisciplinary approach to treatment, including home nursing visits and nutritional counseling, has been shown to improve weight gain, parent-child relationships, and cognitive development. F. Nursing care centers on performing a thorough history and physical assessment, documenting accurate weight and height, observing parent-child interactions during feeding times, and providing teaching to enable parents to respond appropriately to their child's needs. G. ARFID accounts for 25% of pediatric hospitalizations in children under 1 year of age.

ABDEF

Obese children are vulnerable to a number of health problems, including: (Select all that apply) A. Abnormal acceleration of growth in childhood B. Early onset of puberty in girls and abnormalities in sexual development in boys C. Hypotension D. Type 2 diabetes E. Dyslipidemia F. Coronary heart disease G. Gallbladder disease H. Osteoarthritis

ABDEFGH

Which of the following are characteristic or descriptive of an intravenous pyelogram (IVP)? (Select all that apply) A. Visualize kidneys, ureters and bladder B. Laxatives or enemas may be ordered prior to remove gas or fecal material C. Noninvasive D. Nephrotoxic dye E. Use of intravenous contrast medium F. Uses reflected soundwaves to evaluate kidneys for possible hydronephrosis G. Ask about allergies to contrast or shellfish H. Increase fluids afterwards to flush contrast

ABDEGH

Clinical manifestations of prematurity include: (Select All that Apply) A. Disproportionately large head B. Fine hair (lanugo) covering much of the body C. Abundant scalp hair D. Lack of fat stores E. Sunken fontanels F. Thin, translucent skin G. Dry, loose, peeling skin H. Visible creases on palms and soles of feet

ABDF

Which of the following are accurate statements concerning anticipatory guidance? (Select all that apply.) A. Examples of anticipatory guidance are informing parents of newborns about physical changes in their infant (e.g., teething), and anticipating concerns in parents of adolescents due to alcohol and drug abuse. B. Anticipatory guidance is key to achieving a primary goal of pediatric nursing care, which is health promotion. C. Anticipatory guidance, when implemented correctly and consistently, prevents all accidents and injuries from occurring in young children. D. This is guidance provided by the pediatric nurse to parents, in anticipating likely upcoming concerns with the child. E. A thorough knowledge of the principles of growth and development is not always necessary. F. Anticipatory guidance is challenging because of the range and complexity of appropriate issues, the enormous individual differences among normal children and their families, and the limited time in health supervision visits.

ABDF

A nurse is caring for a child with sickle cell anemia who is suffering from a vaso-occlusive crisis. Which of the following interventions should the nurse employ to effectively monitor and to help improve the blood flow to the child's tissues? (Select all that apply) A. Monitor vital signs carefully. Assess pulses for rate, rhythm, and volume. Note hypotension; rapid, weak, thready pulse; and tachypnea with shallow respirations. B. Assess skin for coolness, pallor, cyanosis, diaphoresis, and delayed capillary refill. C. Practice meticulous hand hygiene with soap and water or liberal use of alcohol-based hand sanitizer. D. Note changes in LOC; reports of headaches, dizziness; development of sensory or motor deficits, such as hemiparesis or paralysis; and seizure activity. E. Administer the Hib (Haemophilus influenzae type b) vaccination to help prevent dangerous infection that can damage brain tissue. F. Maintain adequate fluid intake. Monitor urine output. G. Maintain environmental temperature and body warmth without overheating. Avoid hypothermia. H. Administer oxygen to saturate circulating hemoglobin and increase the effectiveness of blood that is reaching the ischemic tissues.

ABDFGH

The pediatric nurse understands that which of the following is normal and expected for a child with end-stage renal disease (ESRD)? (Select all that apply) A. Serum hemoglobin of 7.2 g/dL B. History of glomerulonephritis or nephrotic syndrome. C. Body temperature of 100.6° F. D. Oliguria and hypertension. E. Increased serum glucose. F. Early sexual maturation. G. History of pyelonephritis. H. Lack or loss of appetite.

ABDGH

Which of the following strategies should be employed to reduce pediatric medication errors? (Select all that apply) A. Use capital letters to distinguish between medications B. Open all medications at the nurses station, for accuracy and ease of administration C. Include the child's weight, age, and calculated dose D. Use bar code medication scanning in place of the six rights of medication administration E. Weigh the child in pounds and ounces

AC

An infant with tetralogy of Fallot is having a hypercyanotic episode ("tet" spell). Appropriate management of a tet spell in these children include: (Select all that apply). A. Place the child in knee-chest position. B. Draw blood for a serum hemoglobin. C. Administer oxygen. D. Administer morphine and propranolol intravenously as ordered. E. Administer Benadryl as ordered.

ACD

Which of the following are true concerning the Babinski reflex? (Select all that apply.) A. With a positive Babinksi response, the infant's smaller toes fan out and the big toe dorsiflexes slowly. B. Indicates equilibrium and cerebellar function. C. Usually disappears by 1 year of age. D. Abnormal in a child > 2 years of age (indicates central nervous system dysfunction). E. To elicit the Babinski response, the lateral side of the sole of the foot is rubbed with a blunt instrument or device so as not to cause pain, discomfort, or injury to the skin; the instrument is run from the heel along a curve to the toes. F. A positive Babinski response occurs in infancy because the corticospinal pathways that run from the brain down the spinal cord are not fully myelinated.

ACDEF

Nocturnal enuresis (bedwetting) is a common problem that can be troubling for children and their families. The evaluation of nocturnal enuresis requires a thorough history, a complete physical examination, and urinalysis. Treatment options include nonpharmacologic and pharmacologic measures. Which of the following are recommended treatment strategies for this condition? (Select all that apply) A. A bed-wetting alarm system B. Encourage the child to drink caffeinated beverages C. A positive reinforcement system, such as rewarding the child with a prize for staying dry at night D. Desmopressin (DDAVP) by nasal spray or by tablet E. Scheduled awakenings during the night to void F. Limit fluid intake in the evening and before the child goes to bed G. Have the child urinate before going to bed H. Daily laxatives or enemas I. Have the child go to the bathroom about ten minutes after eating breakfast, lunch, and dinner J. Include more fiber and pure water in the diet

ACDEFG

A 10-year-old patient is admitted to 2 West by the family nurse practitioner who suspects a diagnosis of acute glomerulonephritis. The pediatric nurse would expect to see which of the following findings? (Select all that apply.) A. Serum creatinine of 2.2 mg/dL. B. Massive proteinuria. C. Gross hematuria. D. Urine output of 350 ml in 24 hours. E. Mild periorbital edema. F. Brown ("tea-colored") urine. G. Hypertension. H. Blood urea nitrogen (BUN) of 40 mg/dL.

ACDEFGH

Signs and symptoms of congenital heart disease in infants include (Select all that apply) A. Dyspnea with crying or eating B. Pink blood-tinged phlegm C. Pallor D. Poor feeding E. Sweating F. Elevated blood pressure G. Murmur H. Cyanosis with crying or eating I. Fatigue J. No weight gain K. Irritable L. Vomiting

ACDEGHIJK

The pediatric nurse understands that characteristics of pulmonary hypertension include (select all that apply): A. The causes are lung disease and some congenital heart diseases. B. Characterized by mean pulmonary arterial pressure (PAP) less than 25 mmHg. C. Caused by narrowing of the pulmonary arterioles within the lung; the narrowing of the arteries creates resistance and an increased work load for the heart. D. Symptoms include chest pain, weakness, shortness of breath, and fatigue. E. Untreated, the disease usually develops into cyanotic heart defect and right-to-left shunting. F. Must treat this condition early while still reversible to prevent permanent destructive pulmonary vascular remodeling. G. Treatments include sildenafil, calcium channel blockers, diuretics, nitric oxide, and lung transplantation.

ACDFG

Tetrology of Fallot is characterized by which cardiac defects? (Select all that apply) A. Overriding aorta B. Patent ductus arteriosus C. Right ventricular hypertrophy D. Ventricular septal defect E. Coarctation of the Aorta F. Tricuspid atresia (TA) G. Pulmonary stenosis

ACDG

The classic signs and symptoms of eczema are which of the following? (Select all that apply) A. Erythema B. Infestation with parasites C. Lesions (weep and crust) D. Pruritus E. Serosanguineous nasal discharge F. "Slapped" cheek appearance G. Small papules and vesicles H. Sore throat, low-grade fever

ACDG

Treshaun, age 5, has sickle cell anemia. His mother asks how he can avoid a sickle cell pain crisis. Which of the following can trigger a sickle cell crisis? (Select all that apply) A. Dehydration B. NSAID medications such as aspirin C. Infection, such as a cold or the flu D. Low oxygen levels from difficult exercise, flying, or high altitude E. Maintaining a high fluid intake (drinking 8 to 10 glasses of water each day) F. IV (intravenous) therapy (fluids given into a vein) G. Medical procedures or surgery H. Strong emotions, such as anger or depression I. A blood transfusion J. Getting cold or going from warm to cold quickly K. Stressful situations such as bullying at school, moving to a new house, parents divorcing, or death of a family member

ACDGHJK

Factors that contribute to childhood morbidity are: (Select all that apply.) A. General health B. Ethnicity C. Psychosocial factors D. Climate E. Socioeconomic factors

ACE

Which of the following are accurate statements concerning multifactorial inheritance? (Select all that apply) A. Most common genetic malfunction. B. Fathers do not pass these disorders to their daughters or sons. C. Combination of environmental and genetic factors. D. Often occurs in people with no history of the disorder in their family. E. Examples are cleft palate and neural tube defects. F. Examples are Duchenne muscular dystrophy and hemophilia-A. G. These disorders do not have a clear-cut pattern of inheritance. H. These conditions tend to run in families.

ACEGH

The Pediatric Early Warning Score (PEWS) has been found to be a reliable tool for use by the bedside nurse to identify early patient instability. This score is generated from an assessment of which three parameters? (Select all that apply) A. Behavior B. Blood pressure C. Cardiovascular D. Level of consciousness E. Communicative skills F. Respiratory G. Skin status H. Vital signs

ACF

Nurses should make which of the following recommendations to parents, to prevent childhood obesity? (Select all that apply) A. If possible, breast-feed children rather than bottle feeding them. B. Insist that the child finish every feeding or meal. C. Put the child on a low-carbohydrate diet. D. Limit the high-calorie and sugary foods kept in the house. E. Provide a nutritious diet with ample fiber from fruits and vegetables, with no more than 30 percent of calories derived from fat. F. Do not use food as a reward or bribe a child to finish a meal by offering sweets. G. Limit the child's television viewing or video games to no more than two hours per day.

ADEFG

A 5-year-old is hospitalized with a fractured femur. Which of the following assessment tools are appropriate for this age child? (Select all that apply.) A. FACES pain scale. B. Numeric Rating Scale. C. Visual Analog Scale. D. Oucher Scale. E. PAT Tool. F. FLACC Scale.

ADF

Chemotherapy is one of the therapeutic modalities for pediatric cancer. This treatment is contraindicated in which of the following conditions? (Select all that apply) A. Infection B. Hair loss C. Mouth sores D. Recent surgery E. Nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea F. Impaired renal and hepatic function G. Pregnancy

ADFG

A ten-month-old infant is seen in the well-child clinic. Which of the following behaviors should the nurse expect to see? (Select all that apply.) A. Plays peek-a-boo and patty cake B. Walks independently C. Feeds self with a spoon D. Stacks two blocks into a tower E. Transfers objects from hand to hand

AE

Which of the following conditions or factors places the child at risk for development of renal failure? (Select all that apply) A. Dehydration B. Enuresis C. Hypospadias D. Not being circumcised E. Hydronephrosis F. Vesicoureteral reflux G. Glomerulonephritis H. Pyelonephritis I. Nephrotic syndrome J. Taking aspirin K. Gentamicin use L. History of intravenous pyelogram

AEFGHIKL

The pediatric nurse understands that furosemide (Lasix): (select all that apply) A. Decreases preload B. Decreases afterload C. Increases contractility of the heart D. Has side effects of nausea, vomiting, anorexia, and bradycardia E. Has side effects of hypokalemia, metabolic alkalosis, and hypotension F. Has side effects of hyperkalemia and hypotension G. Promotes rapid diuresis by blocking reabsorption of sodium and water in the renal tubules.

AEG

The pediatric nurse understands that spironolactone (aldactone): (select all that apply) A. Decreases preload B. Decreases afterload C. Increases contractility of the heart D. Has side effects of nausea, vomiting, anorexia, and bradycardia E. Has side effects of hypokalemia, metabolic alkalosis, and hypotension F. Has side effects of hyperkalemia and hypotension G. Is a potassium-sparing maintenance diuretic

AFG

A 10-year-old child has just received his first immunization of influenza vaccine. His lips begin to swell, and he states, "It feels like my throat is closing shut and my chest is tight when I breathe." The nurse recognizes these as signs of which of the following? A. An anxiety reaction due to receiving an injection B. A life-threatening reaction to the influenza vaccine C. A local allergic reaction to the influenza vaccine injection D. A common systemic allergic reaction to immunization

B

A 28-month old child, 30-month old child, and 33-month old child are playing with blocks, dolls, and musical instruments in the hospital playroom. Closer observation reveals they are playing alongside one another, rather than interacting with each other. The nurse is observing: A. Solitary play B. Parallel play C. Associative play D. Cooperative play

B

A 3-year-old child with Wilms' tumor of the right kidney is admitted to the pediatric oncology unit. He is to undergo a course of chemotherapy, followed by radiation treatments to shrink the tumor before surgically removing it, along with the kidney and the adjacent adrenal gland. The child will receive additional radiation after surgery. When completing the child's admission assessment, which of the following components of the abdominal assessment should the nurse avoid? A. Auscultation B. Palpation C. Percussion D. Inspection

B

A 4-year-old has acute glomerulonephritis and is admitted to the hospital. An appropriate nursing diagnosis for this child should be A. Risk for Urinary Tract Injury Related to Loss of Blood in Urine. B. Excess Fluid Volume Related to Decreased Plasma Filtration. C. Risk for Infection Related to Hypertension. D. Disturbed Personal Identity Related to a Chronic Disease.

B

A 6-year-old child is admitted to the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) with metabolic acidosis secondary to diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA). Which of the following should the nurse formulate as the priority nursing diagnosis? A. Impaired Urinary Elimination related to reduced output and muscle function B. Decreased Cardiac Output related to fluid and electrolyte imbalance C. Ineffective Breathing Pattern related to hyperventilation D. Parental Anxiety related to fears of long-term outcomes and discomfort

B

A child has undergone a kidney transplant and is receiving tacrolimus and cyclosporine. The parents ask the nurse about the reason for these two medications. The nurse should explain that these medications are given to A. Boost immunity. B. Suppress rejection. C. Decrease pain. D. Improve circulation.

B

A child is admitted to the hospital with pneumonia. The child's oximetry reading is 88 percent upon admission to the pediatric floor. The priority nursing activity for this child should be to A. Obtain a blood sample to send to the lab for electrolyte analysis. B. Begin oxygen per nasal cannula. C. Medicate for pain. D. Begin administration of intravenous fluids.

B

A child is being treated for strep throat. The nurse tells the parent to report any abrupt onset of mid-abdominal pain along with malaise, irritability and fever. The nurse is teaching the parent signs of: A. Sodium retention. B. Acute post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis. C. Hemolytic-uremic syndrome. D. Renal insufficiency.

B

A child with acute glomerulonephritis is in the playroom and experiences blurred vision and headache. Which of the following actions should be taken by the nurse? A. Check the urine to see if hematuria has increased. B. Obtain a blood pressure on the child; notify the physician. C. Reassure the child, and encourage bed rest until the headache improves. D. Obtain serum electrolytes, and send a urinalysis to the lab.

B

A child with hemophilia plans on participating in a bicycling club. The nurse should recommend the child A. Consider a swim club instead of the bicycling club. B. Wear kneepads, elbow pads, and a helmet while bicycling. C. Participate only in the social activities of the club. D. Not join the club.

B

A child with nystagmus should demonstrate: A. One eye gazing in a different direction during the cover/uncover test. B. Jerky eye movements during the 6 Cardinal Positions of Gaze test. C. Droopy eyelids that partially or completely cover the pupil. D. Nicking of the retinal blood vessels during the internal eye examination.

B

A day care nurse is observing a 2-year old child and suspects that the child may have strabismus. Which observation made by the nurse might indicate this condition? A. The child has involuntary, shaking, "to and fro" movement in the eyes. B. The child consistently tilts the head to see. C. The child consistently turns the head to see. D. The child does not respond when spoken to.

B

A newborn with possible hypoplastic left heart disease is to be admitted to the nursing unit. Which drug should be available for use? A. Digitoxin (Crystodigin). B. Prostaglandin E1 (Prostin VR). C. Morphine Sulfate. D. Testosterone (Andro).

B

A nurse is caring for a 14 year-old child who has been diagnosed with Congestive Heart Failure (CHF). Treatment began 3 days ago and has included digoxin and furosemide. The child no longer has retractions, lungs are clear and equal bilaterally, and heart rate is 70 beats per minute while the child sleeps. The nurse is confident that the child has diuresed successfully and has good renal perfusion when the nurse notes that the child's urine output is A. 0.4 mL/kg/hr B. 1 mL/kg/hr C. 2 mL/kg/hr D. 3 mL/kg/hr E. 30 mL/hr F. 1 ounce/hr

B

A nurse is developing a plan of care for 5-year-old child with a diagnosis of sickle cell anemia and formulates the following nursing diagnoses. The nurse should select which nursing diagnosis as the priority? A. Activity Intolerance B. Deficient Fluid Volume C. Disabled Family Coping D. Imbalanced Nutrition: Less than body requirements

B

A nurse is preparing to admit a child with possible hydronephrosis. What labs should the nurse expect to draw on this child? A. Platelet count. B. Blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine. C. Partial thromboplastin time (PTT). D. Blood culture.

B

A nurse is teaching a client to perform peritoneal dialysis in preparation for discharge to home. The nurse tells the client to use which of the following to prevent infection when connecting and disconnecting the peritoneal dialysis system? A. gloves only B. gloves and mask C. gloves, mask, and goggles D. gloves, mask, and apron

B

A parent asks the nurse if there is anything that can be done to reduce the pain that his 3-year-old experiences each morning when blood is drawn for lab studies. The most appropriate method the nurse can suggest to relieve pain associated with the venipuncture is A. Intravenous sedation 15 minutes prior to the procedure. B. EMLA cream (lidocaine 2.5% and prilocaine 2.5%) applied to skin at least one hour prior to the procedure. C. Use of guided imagery during the procedure. D. Use of muscle-relaxation techniques.

B

A six-month-old child received the following play things as a gift from a relative. The nurse should advise the parents that which of the following items is potentially dangerous for the child to play with? A. Stuffed animal B. Balloon C. Toy cell phone D. Shape sorter

B

According to Piaget, the second stage of cognitive development that is characterized by the increased use of symbols and prelogic thought processes. When Piaget uses the word "operational", "operations", etc., he refers to logical, mental activities. Which Piaget stage? A. Sensorimotor B. Preoperational C. Concrete operational D. Formal operational

B

An inborn error of metabolism that makes it impossible for the body to use the amino acid valine is: A. Galactosemia B. Maple syrup urine disease C. Phenylketonuria D. Sickle cell disease

B

Andres, age 5, has rubeola. The nurse correctly recognizes which of the following as a sign of rubeola? A. Inflammation of parotid and submaxillary glands B. Tiny gray specks (Koplik's spots) on oral mucous membranes C. Red petechial macules (Forschheimer spots) on the soft palate D. Generalized rash, which is a combination of red papules, vesicles, and scabs in various stages

B

As an advocate for the child undergoing bone-marrow aspiration, the nurse should most appropriately suggest A. General anesthesia. B. Conscious sedation. C. Intravenous narcotics ten minutes before the procedure. D. Oral pain medication for discomfort after the procedure.

B

Beta-thalassemia, cystic fibrosis, Guacher disease, phenylketonuria, sickle cell disease, and Tay-Sachs disease are examples of genetic conditions transmitted by which pattern of inheritance? A. Autosomal dominant B. Autosomal recessive C. X-linked recessive D. Multifactorial

B

Childhood obesity is defined as: A. BMI between the 85th and 94th percentile B. BMI at or above the 95th percentile C. Weight between the 85th and 94th percentile D. Weight at or above the 95th percentile

B

During a routine pediatric visit, a 12 month old patient will need which of the following vaccines? A. DTap, IPV, MMR, Varicella B. Hib, PCV, MMR, Varicella, HepA C. RV, DTap, Hib, PCV, influenza D. RV, DTaP, Hib, PCV, IPV, HepB

B

During a routine pediatric visit, a 2 month old patient will need which of the following vaccines? A. Hib, PCV, MMR, Varicella B. RV, DTaP, Hib, PCV, IPV, HepB C. RV, DTaP, Hib, PCV, Influenza D. RV, DTaP, Hib, PCV, IPV, HepA

B

For an eight-month-old infant, which toy promotes cognitive development? A. Finger paint B. Jack-in-the-box C. A small rubber ball D. A play gym strung across the crib

B

Four-year-old Anna is seen by her pediatric nurse practitioner today. If she received prior immunizations on schedule, she is due to receive: A. Hepatitis B vaccine B. IPV, DTaP, and MMR and varicella C. Hib, DTaP and varicella D. A TB test

B

Infections in the newborn require prompt intervention because: A. They spread more quickly. B. Infections that are relatively harmless to an adult can be fatal to the newborn. C. The portals of entry and exit are more numerous. D. The newborn has no defense against infection.

B

Jane, who is 32-months, insists on dressing herself each morning, even though she generally selects mismatching outfits, misses buttons, and wears her shoes on the wrong feet. When her mother tries to dress Jane or fix her outfit, Jane brushes her mother off and insists on doing it herself. What stage of psychosocial development best describes Jane's behavior? A. Trust vs. Mistrust B. Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt C. Initiative vs. Guilt D. Industry vs. Inferiority

B

One factor that predisposes young children to development of otitis media include: A. Children's eardrums are thin and easily perforate, which makes it easier for bacteria to make its way into the body and cause infections. B. The Eustachian tubes are short, wide, and straight, and lie in a horizontal plane. C. The lining of the ear in children is slightly alkalotic, which allows bacteria or fungi to invade the outer ear. D. The ears contains many tiny blood vessels that lie close to the surface and are susceptible to bleeding and infections.

B

Passive immunity is the transfer of active humoral immunity in the form of ready-made antibodies, from one individual to another. Which of the following situations best illustrates passive immunity? A. Introducing an antigen, derived from a disease-causing organism, that stimulates the immune system to develop protective immunity against that organism B. There is a transfer of IgA antibodies found in breast milk when the baby nurses at the breast C. Someone who recovers from measles is now protected against measles for their lifetime D. The rationale for tetanus vaccination is based on generating antibodies against the toxoid which have an enhanced ability to bind toxin

B

School-age children engage in a type of play that is goal-oriented (in other words, the children play in an organized manner toward a common goal). The children plan, assign roles, and play together with established rules. This type of play is known as: A. Associative play B. Cooperative play C. Goal-oriented play D. Social recreation play

B

The RN is reviewing the discharge plans for a newborn with hypospadias. What statement by the parents indicates their understanding of the plan of care for hypospadias? (In other words, which one of the following is correct?) A. "Our child will need frequent blood tests." B. "Our child won't be circumcised until after surgery so the skin can be used during the repair." C. "Our child will have to be catheterized frequently." D. "A special support will be worn after surgery."

B

The West Nile virus is typically carried by a mosquito. A horse has recently been bitten by a mosquito that carries the virus. Which part of the 6 links in the chain of infection does this represent? A. The sixth link: susceptible host B. The fourth link: transmission C. The fifth link: portal of entry D. The first link: agent

B

The administration of prednisone to children with nephrotic syndrome creates the problem of: A. Intolerance of foods. B. Increased risk of infection. C. Decreased serum sodium. D. Weight loss. E. Hypoglycemia. F. Increased serum potassium.

B

The charge nurse on a hospital unit is developing plans of care related to separation anxiety. The charge nurse recognizes that the hospitalized child at highest risk to experience separation anxiety when parents cannot stay is the A. 6-month-old. B. 18-month-old. C. 3-year-old. D. 4-year-old.

B

The infant weighs 1300 grams (2 pounds, 14 ounces) at birth. The neonatal nurse correctly classifies this infant as: A. Low-birth-weight (LBW) infant B. Very low-birth-weight (VLBW) infant C. Extremely low-birth-weight (ELBW) infant D. Small-for-gestational age (SGA) infant

B

The laboratory finding that would be seen in the cyanotic heart disease client but not in the acyanotic heart disease client would be a(an): A. Elevated pO2. B. Elevated red blood cell count. C. Decreased hematocrit. D. Decreased pCO2.

B

The nurse admitting and assessing a teenage boy with suspected testicular torsion (twisted testicle) will most likely find which of the following manifestations in addition to possible nausea and vomiting and acute testicular pain? A. Relief of pain with elevation of the testicle B. Cremasteric reflex depressed or absent C. Pain, burning, or discomfort upon urination D. White blood cells and bacteria in the urine E. Blue swollen scrotum

B

The nurse assesses a 4-year-old who has had no immunizations. The child does not appear ill, but has a fine, pink, itchy maculopapular rash that progressed from the face to the neck, chest, and back, then to the extremities within three days. The child has a low-grade fever. Cervical and occipital lymph nodes are tender and enlarged. Which communicable disease should the nurse suspect? A. Fifth disease B. Rubella (German measles) C. Rubeola (English measles) D. Mumps (parotitis)

B

The nurse concludes that a parent of an otherwise healthy child with varicella (chickenpox) has an accurate understanding of the disease when the parent states which of the following? A. "I will give my child acetaminophen 120 mg three times a day for the duration of the illness." B. "I will send my child back to school when all the lesions are dry and crusted over." C. "I will take my child to our primary care provider to request acyclovir." D. "I will take my child to our primary care provider to request antibiotics."

B

The nurse explains that an infant born at 31 weeks of gestation may need to be fed by gavage during the first few weeks of life because the infant: A. is unable to digest food properly. B. has weak coordination of sucking and swallowing. C. refuses to take the breast by mouth. D. needs a larger quantity of formula at each feeding.

B

The nurse explains that the statistics of infant mortality are expressed in number of infant deaths per: A. 100 live births B. 1000 live births C. 10,000 live births D. 100,000 live births

B

The nurse is assessing a six-month-old child. Which developmental skills are normal and should be expected? A. Speaks in short sentences. B. Sits alone in tripod position. C. Can feed self with a spoon. D. Pulling up to a standing position.

B

The nurse is aware that the prevalence of chronic health conditions in children is: A. Decreasing as a result of advances in health care and treatment B. Increasing as a result of advances in health care and treatment C. Increasing as a result of increased incidence of childhood injury D. Decreasing as a result of decreased incidence of childhood injury

B

The nurse is caring for a preterm infant who is at risk for an intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH). Which daily assessment is most critical for this infant? A. Blood pressure B. Head circumference C. Intake and output D. Pupillary light reflex

B

The nurse is providing education to a teenage client newly diagnosed with type 1 diabetes mellitus. Which of the following statements made by the client indicates to the nurse that the client understands type 1 diabetes? A. "The changes in my pancreas are reversible, after I receive insulin treatment." B. "My immune system mistakenly destroys the beta cells, resulting in an absence of insulin." C. "I can control my blood glucose with healthy eating, being active, and taking oral medications." D. "My body can't respond properly to the insulin it makes. This results in high blood sugar levels."

B

The nurse is teaching a group of mothers of infants about the benefits of immunization. The nurse will explain that the life-threatening disease epiglottitis can be prevented by immunization against A. Measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR). B. Haemophilus influenzae type B (Hib). C. Hepatitis B. D. Polio.

B

The nurse is teaching parents of an infant about introduction of solid food to their baby. What is the first food they can add to the diet? A. Vegetables B. Cereal C. Fruit D. Meats

B

The nurse is teaching the parents of a child with newly diagnosed cystic fibrosis how to administer the pancreatic enzymes. The nurse should advise the parents to administer the enzymes A. Twice daily. B. With meals and snacks. C. Every 6 hours around the clock. D. Four times daily.

B

The nurse is teaching the parents of a group of cardiac patients. The nurse includes in the information that a child who has undergone cardiac surgery A. Should be restricted from most play activities. B. Should be evaluated to determine if prophylactic antibiotics for dental, oral, or upper-respiratory-tract procedures are necessary. C. Should not receive routine immunizations. D. Can be expected to have a fever for several weeks following the surgery.

B

The nurse practitioner discusses the Varicella vaccine with 15-month-old Mario's father. Varicella vaccine should NOT be given if Mario A. Has siblings who haven't had chicken pox B. Is currently immunocompromised C. Is in day care D. Has never had chicken pox

B

The nurse should teach a parent to introduce solid foods to an infant at what age? A. 3 months B. 6 months C. 8 months D. 10 months

B

The nurse understands that primary dentition is usually completed by age: A. 18 months B. 3 years C. 4 years D. 6 years

B

The parents of a critically injured child wish to stay in the room while the child is receiving emergency care. The nurse should A. Escort the parents to the waiting room and assure them that they can see their child soon. B. Allow the parents to stay with the child. C. Ask the physician if the parents can stay with the child. D. Tell the parents that they do not need to stay with the child.

B

The pediatric nurse is conducting an examination of a nine-month-old baby. During the examination, the nurse should be able to elicit which reflex? A. Moro B. Babinski C. Stepping D. Palmar grasp E. Plantar grasp

B

The pediatric nurse understands that the infant mortality rate is important because: A. It demonstrates the benefits of healthy eating in preventing coronary heart disease, boosting the immune system, and helping maintain a healthy lifestyle, in the overall health of a nation or people group. B. It represents or describes the overall state of health of a country, region, ethnic group, and/or community. C. It emphasizes the importance of avoiding potential hazards that the infant may encounter during the first year of life. D. It highlights the importance of primary, secondary, and tertiary prevention care strategies to prevent or slow the progression of disease.

B

The pediatric nurse understands that the most common cancer found in children is A. Non-hodgkin's lymphoma B. Acute lymphocytic leukemia C. Chronic lymphocytic leukemia D. Ewing's sarcoma

B

The pediatric nurse understands that the rooting reflex typically disappears at which age? A. 1-2 months B. 3-4 months C. 5-6 months D. 7-8 months

B

The pediatric nurse understands that which of the following medications used to treat asthma, is a therapeutic antibody? A. fluticasone and salmeterol (generic) Brand name: Advair discus B. omalizumab (generic) Brand name: Xolair C. cromolyn sodium (generic) Brand name: Intal D. budesonide (generic) Brand name: Pulmicort E. beclomethasone (generic) Brand name: Qvar

B

The school nurse sees a 10-year-old child who presents with fatigue and a nagging cough of three weeks' duration that has become productive with thick mucus and is much worse at night. The school nurse suspects pertussis (whooping cough), because the child recently arrived from an impoverished country where he did not receive any immunizations. What should be the school nurse's first nursing action? A. Report the case to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). B. Isolate the child and contact the parents. C. Provide emotional support to parents. D. Encourage fluids to prevent dehydration.

B

When caring for a preterm infant at 30 weeks of gestation, the nurse should recognize that the newborn's priority nursing diagnosis is: A. Risk for Infection related to decreased immune response B. Ineffective Breathing Pattern related to surfactant deficiency and weak respiratory muscle effort C. Ineffective Thermoregulation related to immature thermoregulation center D. Imbalanced Nutrition Less than Body Requirements related to ineffective suck and swallow

B

When taking the health history of a suspected victim of Munchausen syndrome by proxy, the nurse or other healthcare professional should pay close attention to: A. The gender of the child B. Whether the perpetrator is always present when the child has symptoms C. Whether the mother is single D. Whether the child victim has any siblings

B

When using a forward facing convertible seat, the harness straps should be located: A. at or slightly below the child's shoulders B. at or slightly above the child's shoulders using the top set of harness slots C. below the child's shoulders D. at or below the child's feet, using the bottom set of harness slots

B

Where should a 25 pound 9 month old ride in the car? A. in a front-facing car seat in the back seat B. in a rear-facing car seat in the middle of the back seat C. in a rear-facing car seat in the front seat, as long as there is an air bag D. in a booster seat in the back seat

B

Where should a harness chest clip be positioned? A. Near the child's neck B. At the level of his armpits C. Over his belly D. Near his waist

B

Which of the following does NOT demonstrate atraumatic care for the hospitalized child? A. Use numbing medication (EMLA cream) on the skin before venipuncture. B. Restrain the child, holding him down firmly during procedures to prevent injury. C. Avoid use of irritating chemicals (such as alcohol) on the skin. D. Never use needles and instruments which cause unnecessary pain.

B

Which of the following factors is a risk for the development of ambiguous genitalia (pseudohermaphroditism)? A. Hypothyroidism B. Congenital adrenal hyperplasia C. Overproduction of aldosterone and cortisol D. Underproduction of adrenal androgens

B

Which of the following statements concerning Down syndrome is FALSE? A. Down syndrome is also known as Trisomy 21, which is the presence of a third copy of chromosome 21 B. People with Down syndrome have profound intellectual disability and cannot function meaningfully in society C. Down syndrome is the most common chromosomal abnormality D. Children with Down syndrome are at higher risk for congenital heart disease, gastrointestinal abnormalities, and hearing loss

B

Which role would the pediatric nurse be serving when providing support and assisting with resources and referrals? A. Advocate. B. Case manager. C. Educator. D. Researcher.

B

With phenylketonuria: A. Transmission is by autosomal dominance B. The child typically has lighter skin, hair, and eyes C. The child is unable to metabolize galactose D. The child is unable to metabolie leucine

B

A nurse is caring for a 9-year-old child who is being seen for the second time with a UTI. Which of the following findings should the nurse expect during an initial assessment? (Select all that apply.) A. Light-colored urine B. Dysuria C. Foul-smelling urine D. Epigastric pain E. Oliguria

BC

A child who has nephrotic syndrome is admitted to the pediatric unit. Which of the following should the nurse expect to find? (Select all that apply.) A. Decreased urine specific gravity B. Proteinuria C. Hypoalbuminemia D. Hyperlipidemia E. Hematuria

BCD

Applications of the principle of atraumatic care in the pediatric setting include which of the following? (Select all that apply) A. Use of "white lies" to minimize stress B. Encouraging the family to room in with child C. Identifying child/ family stressors D. Effectively managing pain E. Working independently of the parents

BCD

Overarching goals of Healthy People 2020 include: (Select all that apply.) A. Promotion of oral health and reduction of tooth decay B. High-quality, longer lives free of preventable disease, disability, injury and premature death C. Create social and physical environment that promote good health for all D. Health equity, eliminate disparities, improve the health of all groups E. Elimination of addictive habits such as smoking, drinking and abuse of substances

BCD

The school nurse is conducting a seminar about diabetes mellitus in the pediatric population. Learners should recognize that manifestations of type 1 diabetes in children include which of the following? (Select all that apply) A. Iron-deficiency anemia B. Unexplained weight loss C. Increased thirst D. Abdominal pain E. Vomiting F. Diarrhea G. Drowsiness H. Enuresis (bed wetting) in a previously continent child

BCDEGH

When assessing a child who has a neuroblastoma of the adrenal gland, which of the following findings indicate to the nurse that the child has developed metastasis from the primary site? (Select all that apply.) A. Weight gain B. Bone pain C. Varying degrees of paralysis D. Dependent edema E. Hepatomegaly

BCE

A child with a renal condition has developed oliguria. Which action(s) should the nurse anticipate performing? (Select all that apply) A. Administer IV fluids. B. Continue monitoring intake and output. C. Draw blood to check potassium and creatinine. D. Push oral fluids. E. Weigh the child. F. Monitor the child's blood pressure.

BCEF

A nurse is caring for an infant with bronchiolitis. Diagnostic tests have confirmed respiratory syncytial virus. Based on this finding, which of the following would be the appropriate nursing action(s)? (Select all that apply.) A. Institute airborne precautions. B. Institute droplet precautions. C. Institute contact precautions. D. Prepare to administer intravenous antibiotics. E. Prepare to administer nebulized albuterol. F. Cluster nursing care to allow the child to rest. G. Elevate the head of bed to ease the work of breathing. H. Initiate strict enteric precautions. I. Institute continuous cardiopulmonary monitoring.

BCEFGI

A nurse provides care to a 10-year-old child with pharyngitis. Which clinical manifestations indicate streptococcal rather than viral pharyngitis? (Select all that apply) A. Mild sore throat B. Abrupt onset C. Painful cervical nodes D. Conjunctivitis E. Fever greater than 101 degrees F F. Tonsillar exudate G. Abdominal pain H. Hoarseness/ abnormal voice changes I. Cough J. Anorexia, nausea, vomiting

BCEFGJ

The neonatal nurse understands that factors contributing to the development of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) include which of the following? (Select all that apply) A. Concentrated enteral formula B. Extra oxygen for breathing C. Low amounts of surfactant D. Overnutrition E. Prematurity F. Radiant warmers G. Steroids H. Use of a mechanical ventilator

BCEH

Which of the following clinical manifestations of a lower urinary tract infection (UTI) are commonly seen in infants? (Select all that apply) A. Dysuria B. Fever of unknown origin C. Failure to thrive D. Urgency and frequency E. Burning with urination F. Poor feeding G. Foul-smelling urine H. Vomiting and/or diarrhea I. Hematuria J. Irritability and lethargy K. Failure to gain weight

BCFGHJK

A nurse is caring for a 2-year-old child who has had three ear infections in the past 5 months. The nurse should know that the child is at risk for developing which of the following as a long-term complication (Select all that apply) A. Balance difficulties B. Prolonged hearing loss C. Rheumatic heart disease D. Speech delays E. Chronic respiratory infections

BD

An infant who has signs and symptoms of acute otitis media (AOM) is brought to an outpatient facility by his parent. The nurse should recognize that which of the following factors, if present, place the infant at risk for otitis media? (Select all that apply.) A. The infant is breastfed. B. The infant attends day care. C. The infant is up to date with immunizations. D. The infant was born with a cleft palate. E. The infant's father smokes cigarettes.

BDE

Hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis are both used to treat kidney failure. Which of the following are correct statements? (Select all that apply) A. Hemodialysis does not require as many food and fluid restrictions as peritoneal dialysis. B. Hemodialysis uses a man-made membrane (dialyzer) to filter wastes and remove extra fluid from the blood. C. With hemodialysis, peritonitis may occur. Signs of periotonitis include fever, abdominal pain, and cloudy dialysate. D. Peritoneal dialysis uses the lining of the abdominal cavity (peritoneal membrane) and a solution (dialysate) to remove wastes and extra fluid from the body. E. With hemodialysis, disequilibrium syndrome can occur. Disequilibrium syndrome of dialysis has essentially the same symptoms as cerebral edema: dizzy, faint, lightheaded, ringing in the ears, racing pulse, feeling warm, sweating, nausea, vomiting, yawning, itching and severe muscle cramps (anywhere on the body). It is due to a shift of water to the intracellular spaces as a result of the loss of urea. F. With peritoneal dialysis, the child can ambulate and interact with the environment. G. Hemodialysis usually is done 3 days a week and takes 3 to 5 hours a day. H. With peritoneal dialysis, the fluid remains in the peritoneal cavity for 4 to 8 hours.

BDEFGH

The pediatric nurse understands that aspirin: (select all that apply) A. Is used on a prophylactic basis to prevent heart attack and stroke in children B. Is used to prevent blood clots from forming in the coronary arteries during the acute phase of Kawasaki disease C. Is used to treat fever in viral illness in children D. Is used to treat joint pain and inflammation in rheumatic fever E. Is used to treat infection in rheumatic fever F. Can be associated with Reye's syndrome, a serious and potentially deadly condition in children and teenagers G. Decreases platelet aggregation and inhibits thrombus formation

BDFG

A phone triage nurse receives a call from a father who reports possible head lice on his child. Which of the following information should the nurse tell the father? (Select all that Apply) A. Wash the child's hair immediately after treatment. B. Treat the head lice with an over-the-counter preparation. C. Throw the child's stuffed animals away. D. Treat household pets for this condition. E. Avoid hair-to-hair contact with the child. F. Brushes, hats, or hair clips need to be sanitized.

BEF

Nursing interventions to promote a balanced dietary intake of food and fluids in an infant with congestive heart failure include: (select all that apply) A. Keep coaxing the infant to suck on the bottle and to drink all the formula until the bottle is empty, no matter how long it takes. B. Weigh the child daily. C. Hold the infant at a 90-degree angle while feeding. D. Use firm nipples with small openings to slow feedings. E. Use high-calorie concentrated formula. F. Space feedings 3 hours apart. G. Use supplemental tube feedings if the infant is too fatigued to ingest a sufficient amount by mouth. H. Provide large feedings every 5 hours to allow the infant to rest. I. Limit bottle feedings to 20-30 minutes. J. Provide small, frequent feedings

BEFGIJ

The pediatric nurse understands that captopril (Capoten), an ACE-inhibitor: (Select all that Apply) A. Decreases preload B. Decreases afterload C. Increases contractility of the heart D. Has side effects of nausea, vomiting, and anorexia E. Has side effects of hypokalemia, metabolic alkalosis, and hypotension F. Has side effects of hyperkalemia and hypotension G. Promotes vascular relaxation and reduced peripheral vascular resistance

BFG

A 10-year-old fifth-grader enjoys having his artwork displayed on the family refrigerator. This behavior is indicative of which developmental stage as described by Erikson? A. Initiative versus guilt B. Intimacy versus isolation C. Industry versus inferiority D. Identity versus role confusion

C

A 15-year-old has been admitted to the hospital with the diagnosis of acute lymphocytic leukemia. Which of the following signs and symptoms require the most immediate nursing intervention? A. An enlarged liver and spleen B. Fatigue C. Fever and petechiae D. Swollen glands and lethargy

C

A 16 month old child diagnosed with Kawasaki Disease (KD) is very irritable, refuses to eat, and exhibits peeling skin on the hands and feet. Which of the following should the nurse interpret as the priority? A. applying lotions to the hands and feet B. offering foods the toddler likes C. placing the toddler in a quiet environment D. encouraging the parents to get some rest

C

A 2-week-old premature infant is experiencing periods of apnea, temperature instability, vomiting, and diarrhea. What is the best explanation for these clinical manifestations? A. Respiratory distress syndrome B. Bronchopulmonary dysplasia C. Necrotizing enterocolitis D. Hydrocephalus secondary to intraventricular hemorrhage

C

A 2-year-old child recently diagnosed with a seizure disorder will be discharged home on an oral anticonvulsant medication. Which of the following actions by the mother best demonstrates understanding of how to give the medication? The mother: A. Verbalizes how to give the medication. B. Acknowledges understanding of written instructions. C. Draws up the medication correctly in an oral syringe and administers it to the child. D. Observes the nurse draw up the medication and administer it to the child.

C

A 3-year-old child with diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is given intravenous (IV) normal saline infusion and regular insulin. In addition to hourly blood glucose monitoring, the pediatric intensive care nurse should look to what assessment data as early signs of clinical improvement? A. Respiratory rate of 12 to 15 and normal blood pressure in standing position. B. Temperature and pulse in normal range. C. Improved level of consciousness (LOC) and decreasing urine output. D. Child eats a full meal and respiratory rate is normal. E. Serum potassium level of 6.2 milliequivalents per liter (mEq/L). F. Serum pH of 7.20 and serum bicarbonate level of 15 mEq per L.

C

A 3-year-old is hospitalized following surgery for a ruptured appendix. During assessment of the child, the nurse notes that the child is sleeping. Vital signs are as follows: temperature 97.8 degrees F axillary, pulse 90, respirations 12, and blood pressure 100/60. Based on this assessment, the nurse concludes that the child is: A. Comfortable and the pain is controlled. B. In shock secondary to blood loss during surgery. C. Experiencing respiratory depression secondary to opioid administration for postoperative pain. D. Sleeping to avoid pain associated with surgery.

C

A 4-year-old is seen in the clinic for a sore throat. In the child's mind, the most likely causative agent is that the child A. Was exposed to someone else with a sore throat. B. Did not eat the right foods. C. Yelled at his brother. D. Did not take his vitamins.

C

A 4-year-old is seen in the clinic for a sore throat. In the child's mind, the most likely causative agent is that the child A. Was exposed to someone else with a sore throat. B. Did not eat the right foods. C. Yelled at his brother. D. Did not take his vitamins.

C

A 5 year old child has been transferred to the pediatric unit after a cardiac catheterization. The nurse has checked the sheath insertion site for bleeding, oozing, or hematoma. In order of priority, which of the following interventions should the nurse do next? A. Monitor the child's comfort level B. Position the child's leg so that it is straight C. Assess the strength and presence of the distal pulses D. Take the vital signs, including blood pressure and oxygen saturation

C

A 5-year-old is being discharged from the outpatient surgical center. Which statement by the parent would indicate the need for further teaching? A. "I can expect my child to have some pain for the next few days." B. "I will plan to give my child pain medicine around the clock for the next day or so." C. "Since my child just had surgery today, I can expect the pain level to be higher tomorrow." D. "I will call the office tomorrow if the pain medicine is not relieving the pain."

C

A child has been admitted to the hospital unit in congestive heart failure (CHF). Symptoms related to this admission diagnosis should include A. Weight loss. B. Bradycardia. C. Tachycardia. D. Increased blood pressure.

C

A child is 5 years old and has been recently admitted into the hospital. According to Erikson, in which of the following stages is this child? A. Trust vs. mistrust B. Autonomy vs. shame C. Initiative vs. guilt D. Intimacy vs. isolation

C

A child presents to the local health department with scabies. The nurse is aware that the family nurse practitioner will most likely order: A. Sulfamethoxazole (Bactrim) B. Azithromycin (Zithromax) C. Permethrin (Nix) D. Griseofulvin (Grifulvin V)

C

A child should be able to pull off her shoes by which age? A. 13 months B. 18 months C. 24 months D. 36 months

C

A child with a history of pituitary hypofunction (hypopituitarism) presents with weakness, hypoglycemia, seizure and hypotension. Which of the following represents the nurse's most appropriate immediate action? A. Assess the child for presence of infection B. Assess the child for compliance with medication therapy C. Establish an intravenous access D. Give the child some orange juice to drink

C

A child with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) who is receiving chemotherapy has the following lab results: WBC 9,000, Hemoglobin 12, and Platelets 20,000. When planning this child's care, which risk should the nurse consider most significant? A. Infection B. Pain C. Hemorrhage D. Anemia

C

A client and her husband are positive for the sickle cell trait. The client asks the nurse about chances of her children having sickle cell disease. Which of the following is an appropriate response by the nurse? A. one of her children will have sickle cell disease B. only the male children will be affected C. each pregnancy carries a 25% chance of the child being affected D. if she had four children, one of them would have the disease

C

A common cause of food allergy in young children is: A. Breast milk B. Apples C. Cow's milk D. Rice

C

A mother brings in a 6 yr old girl who is growing pubic hair, has had a rapid growth spurt, and has started her menses. What medical diagnosis should the nurse anticipate? A. Cushing syndrome B. Hypothyroidism C. Precocious puberty D. Turner syndrome

C

A mother complains that her 13-year-old has started to grow rapidly, and asks the nurse if this is normal and how long it will last. The best nursing response is: A. "This is unusual at this age, and a physician should be contacted." B. "This is normal, but will only last a few months." C. "This is normal and can last until about age 20." D. "This is normal, but growth should be completed by about age 15 or 16."

C

A mother visits her primary care provider for the child's 12-month visit. The child weighed 2,800 grams at birth. Which of the following weights is most consistent with the expected weight for this child? A. 7,500 grams B. 8,000 grams C. 8,500 grams D. 9,000 grams

C

A newborn is suspected of having cystic fibrosis. As the child is being prepared for transfer to a pediatric hospital, the mother asks the nurse what symptoms made the physician suspect cystic fibrosis. The nurse should reply that the clinical manifestation of cystic fibrosis that is seen first is A. Bulky, greasy, foul-smelling stools (steatorrhea). B. Constipation. C. Meconium ileus. D. Rectum protruding from the anus (rectal prolapse).

C

A nurse enters the room of a teenager after the physician has obtained informed consent for a voiding cystourethrogram. The teenager asks the nurse to explain the procedure again. The nurse tells the client that the client is asked to void after: A. injection of a radioisotope into the bloodstream B. injection of contrast dye into the bloodstream C. injection of contrast dye into the bladder via a catheter D. injection of a radioisotope into the bladder via catheter

C

A nurse if reviewing a patient's chart and notices that the child suffers from a urinary tract infection. Which of the following microorganisms is related to this condition? A. Clostridium botulinum B. Corynebacterium diphtheriae C. Escherichia coli D. Helicobacter pylori

C

A nurse is assessing a child with a rash. Which finding should lead the nurse to conclude that the child has varicella? A. Erythematous maculopapular mildly pruritic rash appearing first on face and becoming generalized within 24 hrs B. Fiery-red rash appearing on the cheeks, giving a "slapped face" appearance C. Generalized rash, which is a combination of red papules, vesicles, and scabs in various stages D. Red, blotchy maculopapular rash that begins on the face and becomes generalized; appears 4 to 7 days after prodromal stage

C

A nurse is assisting with the admission of a toddler who has nephrotic syndrome. Which of the following objective data should the nurse anticipate collecting from the child? A. Elevated blood pressure. B. Serum cholesterol and fat levels are lower than normal. C. 3+ to 4+ protein in the urine. D. Arms and legs appear thin with loose skin.

C

A nurse is reviewing the results of a sweat test performed on a child with cystic fibrosis (CF). The nurse should expect to note which finding? A. a sweat sodium concentration less than 40 mEq/L B. a sweat potassium concentration less than 40 mEq/L C. a sweat chloride concentration greater than 60 mEq/L D. a sweat potassium concentration greater than 40 mEq/L

C

A school-aged client admitted to the hospital because of decreased urine output and periorbital edema is diagnosed with glomerulonephritis. Which of the following interventions should receive the highest priority? A. assessing vital signs every four hours B. monitoring intake and output every 12 hours C. obtaining daily weight measurements D. obtaining serum electrolyte levels daily

C

According to Piaget, the 7- to 11-year-old-child is at which of the following stages of cognitive development? A. Sensorimotor B. Formal operations C. Concrete operations D. Preoperational

C

According to Piaget, this is the third stage of cognitive development that is characterized by the ability to think logically about concrete objects and situations. Which Piaget stage? A. Sensorimotor B. Preoperational C. Concrete operational D. Formal operational

C

According to the CDC schedule, which immunizations are expected for a child at 6 months of age? A. DTaP, Rotavirus, Meningococcal, Hib, Inactivated Polio Virus (IPV), PCV, Influenza. B. DTap, Rotavirus, Hib, HPV, PCV. C. DTap, Rotavirus, Hep B, Hib, IPV, PCV, Influenza. D. Hib, Varicella, PCV, MMR, DTap.

C

An adolescent with a history of surgical repair for undescended testes (cryptorchidism) comes to the clinic for a sports physical. Anticipatory guidance for the parents and adolescent would focus on which of the following as most important? A. The adolescent sterility B. The adolescent future plans C. Technique for monthly testicular self-examinations D. Need for psychosocial support

C

An athletic activity the nurse should recommend for a school-age child with pulmonary-artery hypertension is A. Cross-country running. B. Soccer. C. Golf. D. Basketball.

C

An infant seat should recline at an angle of: A. 180 degrees B. 90 degrees C. 45 degrees D. 25 degrees

C

An infant weighted 7 lbs, 11 oz. at birth. What should the nurse expect this infant to weigh at 12 months of age? A. 15 lbs. B. 20 lbs. C. 23 lbs. D. 25 lbs.

C

An infant, 6 weeks old, is brought to the Washington County Health Department clinic for a well-baby visit. To assess the fontanels, how should the public health nurse position the infant? A. Supine B. Prone C. Seated upright D. Left lateral position

C

An intramuscular injection has been prescribed for an 8-month-old child. The pediatric nurse determines which of the following anatomic sites as most appropriate for this child? A. Deltoid B. Dorsogluteal C. Vastus lateralis D. Ventrogluteal

C

At 30 months of age, the toddler should be expected to: A. Copy a circle. B. Ride a tricycle. C. Walk on tiptoes. D. Walk up and down stairs.

C

Baby Smith weighs 14 pounds. What is his hourly fluid needs? A. 5.8 mL/hour B. 14 mL/hour C. 26.5 mL/hr D. 128.3 mL/hour

C

Breastmilk is preferred over formula because: A. Breastfed infants gain more weight B. Breastmilk has more calories C. Breastmilk contains antibodies D. Formula is nutritionally inadequate

C

Discharge instructions for care of a child who has just had an orchiopexy should include A. Information to the parents about the child's resuming normal vigorous activities. B. Discussion with the parents about the low incidence of testicular malignancy and no further need for any follow-up. C. Explanation to the parents about the need for loose, nonrestrictive clothing. D. Reassurance to the parents that infertility is not a future risk.

C

During a routine pediatric visit, a 4 month old patient will need which of the following vaccines? A. Hib, PCV, MMR, Varicella B. RV, DTaP, Hib, PCV, IPV, HepB C. RV, DTaP, Hib, PCV, IPV D. RV, DTaP, Hib, PCV, MMR, HepA

C

Most children are ready to begin the process of toilet training by which age? A. 18 months B. 24 months C. 27 months D. 32 months

C

Mumps has an incubation period of: A. 3 to 7 days B. 7 to 14 days C. 12-25 days D. 5 to 35 days

C

Parents of a child admitted with respiratory distress are concerned because the child won't lie down and wants to sit in a chair leaning forward. The nurse should tell the parents that: A. This helps the child feel in control of his situation. B. The child needs to be encouraged to lie flat in bed. C. This position helps keep the airway open. D. This confirms the child has asthma.

C

Providing high oxygen concentrations to a preterm newborn may cause: A. Oral-tactile hypersensitivity (oral aversion) B. Acrocyanosis C. Retinopathy of prematurity D. Primary atelectasis

C

The 20-month-old child appears to be happy and content with multiple caregivers and other children. She also ignores her parents when they reappear on the unit. The pediatric nurse determines that the child is experiencing which stage of separation anxiety? A. Contentment B. Despair C. Detachment D. Protest

C

The client in end-stage of renal failure had undergone kidney transplant. Which of the following assessment findings indicate kidney transplant rejection? A. increased urinary output, BUN = 15 mg/dL B. HCT = 50%, Hgb = 17 g/dl C. decreased urinary output, sudden weight gain D. decreased urinary output, sudden weight loss

C

The following question stems from this scenario: Monique walks into the ED carrying her crying 18-month old daughter. She tells the nurse her daughter crawled into the leg of the ironing board. The hot iron tumbled off the board and the child touched it before she could interfere. But the burn is on the edge of the child's palm and on her wrist, not her fingers. "This isn't the first time she's touched the iron," Monique says. "You would think she'd learn." When the nurse examines the child, the mother complains that there is nothing wrong with her other than the burn on her hand. During her assessment, the nurse notes scars on the child's back and buttocks shaped like the tip of an iron. Monique's explanation of how the child was injured is: A. Not really important. B. Not pertinent information for the nurse to chart. C. Inconsistent with the injury. D. The only reason the nurse suspects abuse.

C

The following question stems from this scenario: Monique walks into the ED carrying her crying 18-month old daughter. She tells the nurse her daughter crawled into the leg of the ironing board. The hot iron tumbled off the board and the child touched it before she could interfere. But the burn is on the edge of the child's palm and on her wrist, not her fingers. "This isn't the first time she's touched the iron," Monique says. "You would think she'd learn." When the nurse examines the child, the mother complains that there is nothing wrong with her other than the burn on her hand. During her assessment, the nurse notes scars on the child's back and buttocks shaped like the tip of an iron. The nurse documents: A. Patient is a victim of child abuse. B. Abuse suspected by the mother. C. The location, shape, color and size of the burn D. Patient brought in due to accidental causes.

C

The mother of a child who is immunosuppressed asks about continuation of the childhood vaccines. Which immunization is not recommended to be given to the child during immunosuppression? A. Haemophilus Influenzae Type B Vaccine (Hib) B. Hepatitis B Vaccine (HepB) C. Rotavirus Vaccine (RV) D. Diphtheria and Tetanus Toxoid Vaccine (DT)

C

The mother of a child with varicella asks the nurse when the child may return to daycare. The nurse correctly responds by telling the mother that the child can return: A. When the fever is resolved B. 24 hours after the appearance of the rash C. When the lesions are crusted over D. After receiving a dose of aspirin

C

The mother of a one-month-old infant states that she is curious as to whether her child is developing normally. Which of the following developmental milestones should the nurse inform the mother that the infant is expected to perform at this age? A. Rolling from side to back B. Laughing and squealing C. Lifting head briefly D. Holding a rattle placed in hand

C

The nurse clarifies that a preterm infant born at 34 weeks of gestation is placed in an incubator because: A. the infant has a small body surface-to-weight ratio. B. heat increases the flow of oxygen to the extremities. C. the infant's temperature control mechanism is immature. D. heat within the incubator facilitates drainage of mucus.

C

The nurse conducts developmental screenings at a community center for infants and young children. The nurse explains that the purpose of these screenings is to: A. Reverse degenerative processes that have occurred. B. Recognize early infection in order to prevent spread to individuals in close contact with the child. C. See if there's cause to suspect that a baby or toddler has a disability or developmental delay. D. Measure intelligence and readiness for school. E. Diagnose a developmental impairment in physical, learning, language, or behavior areas.

C

The nurse is caring for a child who has been sedated for a painful procedure. The priority nursing activity for this child should be A. Allow parents to stay with the child. B. Monitor pulse oximetry. C. Assess the child's respiratory effort. D. Place the child on a cardiac monitor.

C

The nurse is caring for a child who is in sickle cell anemic crisis and has severe pain. The most effective nursing intervention for this child should be A. Giving comfort measures, such as back rubs. B. Suggesting diversional activities, such as coloring. C. Administering pain medication. D. Preparing the child for painful procedures.

C

The nurse is providing anticipatory guidance to the parents of a young child on how to handle a suspected poisoning. If their child ingests poison, what should the parents do first? A. Administer ipecac syrup B. Call 911 to summon an ambulance immediately C. Call the nationwide poison control center at 1-800-222-1222 D. Punish the child for bad behavior

C

The nurse needs to administer a medication to a 4-year-old child. The medication is only available in tablet form. The nurse should: A. Place the tablet on the child's tongue and give the child a drink of water. B. Break the tablet in small pieces and ask the child to swallow the pieces one by one. C. Crush the tablet and mix it in a teaspoon of applesauce. D. Crush the table and mix it in a cup of juice.

C

The nurse teaches parents that absolute contraindications for pediatric immunizations would include which of the following? A. Soreness, redness, and swelling at the previous injection site B. Febrile seizure 1 month after the previous injection of vaccine C. Anaphylactic reaction to previous immunization D. Respiratory illness with low-grade fever.

C

The pediatric nurse is formulating a disaster preparedness plan for disadvantaged children in a rural community. This plan includes allocation of supplies and equipment, sheltering-in-place, and roles/ assignments for healthcare personnel. This meticulous planning demonstrates which level of preventive health maintenance? A. Primary prevention B. Secondary prevention C. Tertiary prevention D. Quaternary prevention

C

The pediatric nurse understands that which of the following medications used to treat asthma, is a mast cell inhibitor? A. fluticasone and salmeterol (generic) Brand name: Advair discus B. omalizumab (generic) Brand name: Xolair C. cromolyn sodium (generic) Brand name: Intal D. budesonide (generic) Brand name: Pulmicort E. beclomethasone (generic) Brand name: Qvar

C

Tina is 33 inches tall at 24 months. The nurse anticipates that Tina will be how many inches tall when fully grown? A. 48 inches B. 60 inches C. 66 inches D. 72 inches

C

Where is the safest place for a 55 pound 6 year old to sit in the car? A. in the front seat, as long as there is an air bag B. in seat belts in the back seat C. in a booster seat in the back seat D. in the front seat, as long as there is not an air bag

C

Where should most children ride in the car? A. in the back seat until they are 8 years old B. in the back seat until they are 10 years old C. in the back seat until they are 13 years old D. in the front seat no matter how old they are, as long as there is an air bag

C

Which assessment data is most indicative of a potential complication of Kawasaki's disease? A. Dermatitis of extremities; desquamation of the hands and feet. B. Strawberry tongue; redness of the mucous membranes and sores in the mouth. C. Change in blood pressure, pulse, and skin color; complaints of pain in the chest. D. Fever over 5 days; redness and swelling of the eyes.

C

Which evaluation would indicate a toxic dose of digoxin? A. Tachycardia and dysrhythmia. B. Headache and diarrhea. C. Bradycardia and nausea and vomiting. D. Tinnitus and nuchal rigidity.

C

Which of the following are examples of primary prevention activities or strategies? A. Using medication to treat conditions such as high blood pressure or high cholesterol, screening for sexually transmitted infections or utilizing nicotine patches to reduce smoking frequency B. For a child with juvenile arthritis, doing exercises, participating in physical therapy, and taking medication to control inflammation and pain C. Vaccination, behavioral counseling for smoking cessation, physical activity, and nutrition D. For a child with a disabling injury, intensive, long-term physical therapy to regain use of limbs or develop alternate means for independent functioning

C

Which of the following children would most likely be diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus? A. 8 year-old with chronic fatigue B. 10 year-old with weight gain C. 12 year-old with dark patches of skin D. 16 year-old who is sedentary

C

Which of the following developmental markers should the nurse expect to see in caring for an infant who is four months old? A. Begins to feed self finger foods; sits alone steadily without support. B. Begins forming words out of previous sounds ("mama"); crawls and creeps. C. Begins to use consonant sounds; no head lag when pulled to sitting position. D. Uses pincer grasp to pick up small objects; turns from back to abdomen. E. Mimics sounds and facial expressions; understands words such as "no" and "cracker."

C

Which of the following features is NOT commonly seen in children with Down syndrome? A. Epicanthal folds in the eyes B. Low muscle tone C. Muscle spasticity D. Flattened mid-face E. Low-set ears

C

Which of the following is the best example of appropriate communication with a young child in the hospital setting? A. "I'm going to take your pulse now." B. "I'm going to give you a little stick in the arm." C. "I'm going to count how fast your heart beats." D. "I will give you a shot in the arm." E. "This will hurt or burn."

C

The pediatric nurse understands that lanoxin (digoxin): (select all that apply) A. Decreases preload B. Decreases afterload C. Increases contractility of the heart D. Has side effects of nausea, vomiting, anorexia, and bradycardia E. Has side effects of hypokalemia, metabolic alkalosis, and hypotension F. Has side effects of hyperkalemia and hypotension G. Can interact with over-the-counter medications, herbal preparations, and antibiotics.

CDG

A child with leukemia is being discharged after beginning chemotherapy. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include when teaching the parents of this child? (Select all that apply) A. Provide a diet low in protein and high in carbohydrates. B. Provide daily mouth rinses with a 0.12% alcohol solution. C. Notify the provider if the child's temperature exceeds 101 F (38 C). D. Increase the use of humidifiers throughout the house. E. Avoid fresh vegetables that are not cooked or peeled. F. Do not take the child's temperature by the rectal route. G. Live, attenuated vaccines should not be administered to children with weakened immune systems.

CEFG

A 10-year-old has been receiving morphine every two hours for postoperative pain as ordered. The medication relieves the pain for approximately 90 minutes, and then the pain returns. The nurse should A. Tell the child that pain medication cannot be administered more frequently than every two hours. B. Reposition the child and quietly leave the room. C. Inform the parents that the child is dependent on the medication. D. Call the family nurse practitioner to see if the child's orders for pain medication can be changed.

D

A 3-year-old child presents to the well-child clinic with reports of intermittent asthma. Her asthma reportedly is triggered only by seasonal viral respiratory infections, no allergic component exists, and her asthma symptoms do not interfere with her daily activities. The child has asthma symptoms two days per week or less, with no nighttime awakenings. Using the stepwise approach, the pediatric nurse correctly anticipates that the family nurse practitioner will prescribe which medication to control the child's symptoms? A. An inhaled glucocorticoid such as beclomethasone, budesonide, flunisolide, fluticasone, mometasone, and triamcinolone. B. A long-acting bronchodilator (also called long-acting beta-2 agonist, or LABA) such as salmeterol or formoterol. C. A leukotriene modifier such montelukast or zafirlukast. D. A short-acting bronchodilator (also called short-acting beta-2 agonist, or SABA) such as albuterol.

D

A 4-year-old-child has been admitted with a diagnosis of sickle cell anemia. The nurse should expect to see which of the following lab results for this child? A. Serum glucose 140 mg/dL B. Serum creatinine 5.2 mg/dL C. Serum leukocytes 30,000/microliter, with a predominance of lymphocytes D. Serum hemoglobin 7.7 g/dL

D

A 5-year-old is in the playroom when the respiratory therapist arrives on the pediatric unit to give the child a scheduled breathing treatment. The nurse should: A. Reschedule the treatment for a later time. B. Show the respiratory therapist to the playroom so the treatment may be performed. C. Escort the child to his room and ask the child-life specialist to bring toys to the bedside. D. Assist the child back to his room for the treatment but reassure the child that he may return when the procedure is completed.

D

A child has been diagnosed with stage 3 chronic kidney disease (CKD). The nurse would question the medical order for: A. ACE inhibitor to control blood pressure B. Erythropoietin therapy and iron replacement therapy for anemia C. Long-acting insulin (Lantus) to control blood sugar levels D. Intravenous pyelogram with contrast to visualize kidneys

D

A child undergoing chemotherapy treatment has the following laboratory values: Absolute neutrophil count of 400 mm3; Hematocrit (HCT) 32%; Platelet Count 150,000 per microliter; Serum Potassium 4.5 mmol/L. The pediatric nurse correctly determines that the child is at risk for: A. Anemia B. Bleeding C. Cardiac arrest D. Infection E. Irregular heartbeat

D

A client is admitted with a diagnosis of "rule out rheumatic fever." Based on Jones criteria, the nurse assesses for A. Polyarthritis and dental caries. B. Fever, headache, and low red blood cell count. C. Chorea, muscle weakness, and decreased erythrocyte sedimentation rate. D. Erythema, polyarthritis, and elevated antistreptolysin-O (ASO) titer.

D

A client is diagnosed with methicillin resistant staphylococcus aureus pneumonia. What type of isolation is MOST appropriate for this client? A. Reverse isolation B. Respiratory or airborne isolation C. Standard precautions D. Contact and droplet isolation

D

A client with hemophilia has a very swollen knee after falling from riding a bicycle. Which of the following should be the first nursing action? A. Initiate an IV site to begin administration of cryoprecipitate. B. Type and cross-match for possible transfusion. C. Monitor the child's vital signs for the first 5 minutes. D. Apply an ice pack and compression dressings to the knee.

D

A father refuses the measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) immunizations for his child because he does not want the child to suffer pain or injury, and he believes the MMR vaccine injection might cause autism. The priority nursing diagnosis for this father should be which of the following? A. Risk for Injury related to vaccine reaction B. Acute Pain related to injection and associated anxiety C. Risk for Infection related to incomplete immunization series D. Deficient Knowledge (Parent): Potential Side Effects of Vaccines, related to lack of correct information.

D

A first-time mother asks you about the reasons for breastfeeding. You should state that: A. breastfed infants do not have SIDS. B. breast milk hinders maturation of the GI tract. C. breastfed infants have a high incidence of allergies. D. breast milk contains antibodies that can protect against infections.

D

A group of children on one hospital unit are all suffering separation anxiety. When determining the stages of separation anxiety, the nurse recognizes that the child in the "despair" phase is the child who A. Does not cry if parents return and leave again. B. Screams and cries when parents leave. C. Appears to be happy and content with staff. D. Lies quietly in bed.

D

A mother of a 2-year-old tells a clinic nurse that the child is rebelling constantly and having temper tantrums. The nurse most appropriately tells the mother to: A. Punish the child every time the child says "no", to change the behavior. B. Allow the behavior because this is normal and expected at this age period. C. Ignore him by walking away to another room, leaving him alone to cry it out. D. Remove him from the source of stimulation by taking him to a quiet, safe place to calm down.

D

A mother refuses to have her child receive any immunizations, based on her religious beliefs. The priority nursing diagnosis when planning health teaching for this family is which of the following? A. Deficient Knowledge (Parent) related to potential side effects of vaccines B. Acute Pain related to injection and associated anxiety C. Risk for Injury related to vaccine reaction D. Risk for Infection related to incomplete immunization series

D

A nurse is assessing a neonate who is 2 hours old. The assessment finding that indicates that the neonate's respiratory status is worsening is A. Acrocyanosis. B. Arterial CO2 of 40. C. Periorbital edema. D. Grunting respirations with nasal flaring.

D

A nurse is educating a parent regarding the immunizations that a child is to receive during the first year of life. Which of the following immunizations did the nurse discuss? A. Measles B. Mumps C. Rubella D. Polio

D

A nurse is taking care of a school-age child with acute glomerulonephritis who is taking potassium-sparing diuretics. The nurse anticipates discussing the diet with the child and his parents. The diet should include: A. Potassium-rich foods B. Foods low in cholesterol C. An increase in calories D. A sodium restriction

D

A toddler has been started on digoxin (Lanoxin) for cardiac failure. If the child develops digoxin (Lanoxin) toxicity, the first sign the nurse notes should be A. Lowered blood pressure. B. Tinnitus. C. Ataxia. D. A change in heart rhythm.

D

A very low birthweight infant has just been diagnosed with a Grade 4 intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH). The nurse should interpret this as which of the following? A. Bleeding occurs just in a small area of the ventricles. B. Bleeding also occurs inside the ventricles. C. Ventricles are enlarged by the blood. D. Bleeding into the brain tissues around the ventricles.

D

According to Piaget, this is the fourth stage of cognitive development. This stage is characterized by the ability to think logically about abstract principles and hypothetical situations. Which Piaget stage? A. Sensorimotor B. Preoperational C. Concrete operational D. Formal operational

D

After 6 months of age, which of the following mineral stores becomes depleted in infants? A. Calcium B. Phosphorus C. Fluoride D. Iron

D

After a pediatric client has a cardiac catheterization, which intervention should have the highest priority in the immediate postoperative period? A. Encourage intake of small amounts of fluid. B. Teach the parents signs of congestive heart failure. C. Monitor the site for signs of infection. D. Observe cath insertion site for bleeding. If bleeding is found, the nurse should immediately glove, and apply direct manual pressure to the site (without leaving the patient's bedside) until hemostasis is obtained.

D

Currently, the greatest source of lead poisoning in children is from: A. Soil and dust B. Air C. Food and water D. Paint

D

During a routine pediatric visit, a 6 month old patient will need which of the following vaccines? A. RV, DTaP, Hib, PCV, IPV, HepA, influenza B. Hib, PCV, MMR, Varicella C. RV, DTaP, Hib, PCV, IPV D. RV, DTap, Hib, PCV, IPV, HepB, influenza

D

Gestational age is best determined with: A. Weight of the infant at birth B. Stability of the blood glucose level C. The age at which the infant reaches developmental milestones D. Assessment of physical and neurological characteristics

D

In a normal heart, the blood follows this cycle: body-heart-lungs-heart-body. When a child has this congenital heart defect, the blood leaving the heart does not follow this path. It has only one vessel, instead of two separate ones for the lungs and body. With only one artery, there is no specific path to the lungs for oxygen before returning to the heart to deliver oxygen to the body. In addition, there is usually a hole between the two lower chambers of the heart known as a ventricular septal defect. As a result of this heart defect, oxygen-poor blood that should go to the lungs and oxygen-rich blood that should go to the rest of the body are mixed together. This creates severe circulatory problems. What is the name of this congenital heart defect? A. Atroventricular canal defect B. Hypoplastic left heart syndrome C. Tetralogy of Fallot D. Truncus arteriosus E. Transposition of the great arteries

D

Moral development theory differs from cognitive development theory in what way? A. Cognitive development theory deals with the formation of personality. B. Moral development theory predicts how a person will react in any situation. C. Cognitive development theory describes physical changes that take place in stages. D. Moral development theory characterizes the value system of people and their respect for others.

D

Most children are able to feed themselves using a spoon by age: A. 1 year B. 2 year C. 3 year D. 4 years

D

Normal heart rate (HR) and respiratory rate (RR) for an adolescent is: (choose the best response) A. 100-150 HR, 33-55 RR B. 80-120 HR, 25-40 RR C. 65-110 HR, 14-22 RR D. 60-100 HR, 12-20 RR

D

Parents of a newborn are confused when their child is diagnosed with a genetic disorder because neither of them has a defect. Testing is done and it is determined that both parents are carriers of the disorder even though they are asymptomatic. Understanding the principles of the Mendelian Pattern of Inheritance, the nurse determines what condition is the likely reason for this genetic disorder? A. X-linked dominant condition B. Autosomal dominant condition C. X-linked recessive condition D. Autosomal recessive condition

D

Symptoms of a food intolerance can include: A. Bloating B. Diarrhea C. Gas D. All of the above

D

The best position for an infant to sleep is: A. on the abdomen B. in an infant seat C. with the caregiver D. on the back E. lateral recumbent F. on the side

D

The charge nurse is concerned with reducing the stressors of hospitalization. The nursing intervention that is most helpful in decreasing the stressors for the toddler is to A. Assign the same nurse to the toddler as much as possible. B. Let the child listen to an audiotape of the mother's voice. C. Place a picture of the family at the bedside. D. Encourage a parent to stay with the child.

D

The following question stems from this scenario: Monique walks into the ED carrying her crying 18-month old daughter. She tells the nurse her daughter crawled into the leg of the ironing board. The hot iron tumbled off the board and the child touched it before she could interfere. But the burn is on the edge of the child's palm and on her wrist, not her fingers. "This isn't the first time she's touched the iron," Monique says. "You would think she'd learn." When the nurse examines the child, the mother complains that there is nothing wrong with her other than the burn on her hand. During her assessment, the nurse notes scars on the child's back and buttocks shaped like the tip of an iron. The nurse's initial interventions are aimed at: A. Confronting Monique. B. Getting Monique to talk about the suspected abuse C. Providing psychosocial support to Monique D. Attending to the child's physical injuries

D

The home health nurse practices anticipatory guidance for a family with a 12-month-old child by giving information and brochures about: A. Methods to decrease teething discomfort B. Methods to introduce solid food C. Advantages of breastfeeding D. Accident-proofing their home

D

The neonatal nurse is caring for an infant with a diagnosis of congenital hypothyroidism. Which nursing diagnosis should the nurse most seriously consider when analyzing the needs of the patient? A. Risk for aspiration related to vomiting B. Diarrhea related to increased peristalsis C. Oral mucous membrane, altered related to disease process D. Hypothermia related to slowed metabolic rate

D

The newborn has a heelstick for studies. Which of the following is incorrect technique? A. Dampen a diaper with warm water and fasten it over the heel for a few minutes. B. Clean the area with alcohol and dry with sterile gauze or allow to air dry. C. Wipe away the first drop of blood with gauze. D. Puncture the center of the heel with a lancet to a depth of less than 2 mm.

D

The nurse assessing a preterm infant understands that the infant's level of maturation refers to: A. actual time the baby remained in the uterus. B. age on the New Ballard scoring system. C. infant's weight as compared to the gestational age. D. ability of the organs to function outside of the uterus.

D

The nurse carefully assesses the preterm infant for respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) because of a deficiency of which substance? A. Protein B. Estrogen C. Hyaline D. Surfactant

D

The nurse cautions a group of parents that the leading cause of childhood mortality (after the first year of life) is: A. Chronic disease B. Homicide C. Suicide D. Accidents

D

The nurse finds that an infant has stronger pulses in the upper extremities than in the lower extremities. The next assessment the nurse should perform is to check: A. Pedal pulses. B. Pulse oximetry level. C. Hemoglobin and hematocrit values. D. Blood pressure of the four extremities.

D

The nurse is caring for a 15-year-old child newly diagnosed with type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM). In preparing to administer insulin, the nurse should complete the following steps in what sequence? 1. Withdraw the dose of NPH insulin. 2. Inject air into the regular insulin vial. 3. Withdraw the dose of regular insulin. 4. Inject air into the NPH insulin vial. A. 2, 3, 4, 1 B. 2, 4, 3, 1 C. 4, 1, 2, 3 D. 4, 2, 3, 1

D

The nurse is checking peripheral perfusion to a child's extremity following a cardiac catheterization. If there is adequate peripheral circulation, the nurse should find that the extremity A. Has a capillary refill of greater than three seconds. B. Has a palpable dorsalis pedis pulse but a weak posterior tibial pulse. C. Has decreased sensation with a weakened dorsalis pedis pulse. D. Is warm, with a capillary refill of two seconds or less.

D

The nurse is teaching the parents about dental care for their toddler. Which of the following information is appropriate for the nurse to include? A. Allow only a teaspoon-size amount of toothpaste per day B. Flossing is not necessary, due to the negativity and resistance to care of the toddler years C. The child should not take a bottle to bed, but may have a tippy cup D. Teeth should be brushed with a soft bristle nylon brush or washcloth

D

The nurse is working in a pediatric surgical unit. In discussing patient-controlled analgesia in a preop parental meeting, the nurse should explain that PCA is most appropriate for the A. A 16-year-old who is developmentally delayed and postop from bone surgery. B. A 5-year-old, postop from tonsillectomy. C. A 10-year-old who has a fractured femur and concussion from a bike accident. D. A 12-year-old, postop from spinal fusion for scoliosis.

D

The nurse must perform a procedure on a toddler. The technique most appropriate when performing the procedure is to A. Ask the mother to restrain the child during the procedure. B. Ask the child if it is okay to start the procedure. C. Perform the procedure in the child's hospital bed. D. Allow the child to cry or scream.

D

The nurse observes a child who had a tonsillectomy a few hours earlier is swallowing frequently. What is the appropriate action for the nurse to take? A. Offer the child a drink B. Reposition the child C. Give the child an analgesic such as aspirin D. Notify the primary care provider

D

The pediatric nurse is caring for a 12-year-old child with type 1 diabetes mellitus. In developing a teaching plan, which of the following signs and symptoms of hypoglycemia should the nurse include? A. Fever B. Fruity breath C. Increased thirst D. Shakiness

D

The pediatric nurse practitioner has prescribed salmeterol (Serevent) for a child with asthma. The mother asks the nurse what this medication will do. The nurse should explain that salmeterol (Serevent) is used to treat asthma because the drug A. Is an anti-inflammatory. B. Decreases mucous production. C. Controls allergic rhinitis. D. Is a bronchodilator.

D

To promote drainage of lung secretions in the preterm infant, the nurse should A. Position the infant with the face up B. Place a small roll under the buttocks to straighten the spine C. Position flat on the back with the feet higher than the head D. Position the infant's body lying face down

D

What is the best intervention a nurse can utilize to promote parental attachment with their preterm infant? A. Allow for privacy. B. Contact support families who have been through the same diagnosis with their own child and allow time to discuss the situation. C. Provide an extensive handbook with information related to the preterm newborn. D. Encourage hands-on participation with infant care.

D

What types of disorders are abnormalities that result from an abnormal sex chromosome? A. Autosomal dominant B. Autosomal recessive C. Multifactorial D. X-linked

D

When are most children ready for regular seat belts? A. when they are 5 years old B. when they are 6 years old C. when they are 7 years old D. it depends on the child's height and how the seat belts fit

D

When caring for the child with leukemia who is at risk for bleeding, which of the following measures should be avoided? A. Use of stool softeners B. Frequent position changes in bed C. Visits with friends and siblings D. Performing a rectal examination

D

Which of the following developmental delays are seen in children with Down syndrome? A. Expressive and receptive language delays B. Cognitive impairments C. Fine and gross motor delays D. All of the above

D

Which of the following hereditary disorders is transmitted by autosomal recessive inheritance? A. Cleft lip B. Marfan syndrome C. Osteogenesis imperfecta D. Phenylketonuria

D

Which of the following situations represents the best example of natural (innate) immunity? A. A child receiving a vaccination for measles B. An infant receiving breast milk from the mother C. Production of antibodies by a person with infection D. Intestinal flora and gastric acid

D

Which role would the pediatric nurse be serving when reading and analyzing new research findings and applying those findings to practice? A. Advocate. B. Case manager. C. Educator. D. Researcher.

D

Which seat is best for a 35 pound 4 year old? A. A booster seat with a shield B. He is old enough for seat belts without a car seat. C. A belt-positioning booster seat with lap/shoulder belts D. A forward-facing car seat with harness straps

D

Which study provides a definitive diagnosis of cystic fibrosis? A. Chest radiography B. Pulmonary function test C. Sputum culture D. Sweat chloride test

D

While teaching a 10 year-old child about his impending heart surgery, the nurse should: A. Provide a verbal explanation just prior to the surgery B. Provide the child with a booklet to read about the surgery C. Introduce the child to another child who had heart surgery three days ago D. Explain the surgery using a model of the heart

D

You are the nurse in charge on a pediatric unit. A child with sickle cell disease, in splenic sequestration crisis, is being admitted. You should assign this child to a A. Semiprivate room. B. Reverse-isolation room. C. Contact-isolation room. D. Private room.

D

You are the triage nurse in an emergency room. Your initial assessment indicates that head lice may be part of the 10-year-old child's problem. Which assessment finding is typical of head lice? A. Gray-brown threadlike burrows B. Thin honey-colored crusts C. Pink, scaly circular patch D. White flecks on hair

D

If respiratory depression occurs with opioid use, the pediatric nurse should use which reversal agent when oxygen and stimulation of the child are ineffective? A. Atropine sulfate B. Dexamethasone C. Epinephrine D. Methylprednisolone E. Nalaxone hydrochloride F. Sodium bicarbonate G. Dextroamphetamine H. Midazolam hydrochloride

E

The pediatric nurse understands that sildenafil (Revatio, Viagra) is prescribed to A. Decrease systemic blood pressure (afterload). B. Decrease the stickiness of the platelets in the blood. C. Decrease heart rate and increase contractility. D. Increase the central venous pressure (preload). E. Relax and widen the blood vessels in the lungs.

E

Pertussis (whooping cough) is spread through feces and oropharyngeal secretions of infected persons, especially young children. True or false?

False

Pertussis (whooping cough) is spread through feces and oropharyngeal secretions of infected persons, especially young children. True or false?

False

Scenario: A child with acute poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis (APSGN) is admitted to the pediatric ICU for overnight observation. When obtaining a nursing history from the child's mother, the nurse should expect a recent ________________ infection.

Streptococcal

A nurse is caring for a 4-year-old child who is being seen for the second time with a UTI. The child is to return to the office in 1 week for follow-up and is scheduled for a voiding cystourethrogram (VCUG) in 2 weeks. The purpose of the VCUG is as follows: The VCUG checks for problems of the urethra and bladder, specifically problems with bladder emptying. Having two UTIs in such a short time is unusual for an infant; therefore, it is important to find out the cause of the infection. The VCUG will be scheduled after eradication of the UTI. True or False?

True

Children in the preoperational stage lack the ability to understand the principle of conservation. The principle of conservation states that two equal quantities remain equal even though the form or appearance is rearranged, as long as nothing is added and subtracted. The lack of understanding of conservation can be reflected in centration and irreversibility. True or false?

True

Chronic conditions causing anemia in children include sickle cell disease, thalassemia major, cancer, aplastic anemia, folate deficiency, inflammatory bowel disease, infection, chronic renal disease, and liver disease. True or false?

True

For the infant, slowly instill liquid medication by dropper along the side of his tongue and the young child, crush pills and mix them with 1/2 teaspoon of baby food or any sweet-tasting substance. True or False?

True

Hypoplastic left heart syndrome consists of hypoplasia (i.e., underdevelopment or incomplete development) of the left ventricle and ascending aorta, maldevelopment and hypoplasia of the aortic and mitral valves (frequently aortic atresia is present), an atrial septal defect, and a large patent ductus arteriosus. Unless normal closure of the patent ductus arteriosus is prevented with prostaglandin infusion, cardiogenic shock and death ensue. The only cure is heart transplantation. This condition can be palliated through three-stage open-heart surgical procedures. This is not a cure, as the child's circulation is made to work with only two of the heart's four chambers. True or false?

True

Munchausen syndrome by proxy (factitious disorder) is usually difficult to diagnose. True or False?

True

The core concepts of Family Centered Care on the inpatient hospital unit are: 1. Dignity and Respect-To Listen to and honor patient and family ideas and choices and to use patient and family knowledge, values, beliefs and cultural backgrounds to improve care planning and delivery. 2. Information Sharing-To communicate and share complete and unbiased information with patients and families in useful ways. Patients and families receive timely, complete and accurate details so they can take part in care and decision making. 3. Involvement-To encourage and support patients and families in care and decision making at the level they choose. 4. Collaboration-To invite patients and family members to work together with health care staff to develop and evaluate policies and programs. True or False?

True

The goal of chemotherapy is to target specific aspects of the cell cycle to maximize tumor cell death and minimize healthy cell damage. True or false?

True

The purpose of adult-directed play in the hospital setting is to increase a young patient's sense of predictability regarding pending medical procedures and health care experiences, increase a sense of self-control, reduce stress from unrealistic fantasies about medical procedures, increase effective coping skills, and to clear up confusions and misconceptions. True or False?

True

With acyanotic heart defects, there is a left-to-right shunt. There is increased pulmonary blood flow and the blood is oxygenated. True or false?

True

With cyanotic heart defects, there is a right-to-left shunt: blood is shunted from the right side of the heart (pulmonary) to the left (systemic) side. Pulmonary circulation is bypassed. True or false?

True