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Which of the following correctly describes the glomerulus?
A tuft of capillaries across which filtration of blood occurs in the nephron
The specialized neuromuscular tissue found in the atrial septum near the atrioventricular septum is called _______________.
AV node
Which of the following is a function of the digestive system?
Absorption of nutrients
Which of the following is not characteristic of a neutrophil?
Acquired immunity
Which of the following is a function of hydrochloric acid in the digestive system?
Activates pepsinogen
Which of the following are secreted by the anterior pituitary gland?
Adrenocorticotropic hormone, prolactin, and growth hormone
Which of the following correctly lists the layers of the digestive system from the outer layer to the inner layer?
Adventitia → muscularis → submucosa → mucosa
The part of the lungs where gas exchange takes place is called _________________.
Alveoli
ACTH is produced by the ____________ and acts on the ______________.
Anterior pituitary, adrenal cortex
Which of the following is a part of the female reproductive system?
Bartholin's gland
Most carbon dioxide in the body is in the form of ______________.
Bicarbonate ion
The urethra conveys urine from the __________.
Bladder to the exterior
The cup-like structure which contains the glomerulus is called ___________.
Bowman's capsule
What is the role of pancreas in the digestive system?
Chemical digestion
Which of the following correctly describes an endocrine hormone?
Chemical messengers that act on distant tissues
Which of the following structure-function pairs is incorrect?
Collecting duct—A tubelike structure that empties urine into the ureter
The large intestine is responsible for _______________.
Compaction of waste into feces
Which of the following correctly describes an eosinophil?
Contains a bilobed nucleus
Concerning B lymphocytes, which of the following is incorrect?
Develops in the thymus
Which of the following structures is correctly paired with its function?
Diaphragm—Increases volume of thoracic cavity
How does solute move across the glomerular basement membrane?
Diffusion
Which of the following is not a function of saliva?
Digests protein
Which systems are primarily responsible for homeostasis?
Endocrine system and nervous system
Which of the following would help in getting rid of a roundworm infestation?
Eosinophil
The long coiled tube where storage and maturation of sperms occurs is the __________.
Epididymis
The cartilaginous structure which covers the larynx during swallowing is called the ____________.
Epiglottis
Which of the following is not a constituent of plasma?
Erythrocyte
Which part of the GI tract has skeletal muscle in its muscular layer?
Esophagus
The secretory phase of the endometrium is maintained by the corpus luteum after ovulation. The corpus luteum produces _________________.
Estrogen and Progesterone
Which of the following correctly lists the functions of the urinary system?
Excretion of waste, regulation of blood pressure, and production of erythropoietin
The exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the alveoli and blood in the capillaries is called ___________.
External respiration
Which of the following hormones is incorrectly paired with its function?
FSH—Deepening of the voice
Blood pressure drives fluid and solutes through the glomerular capillary into Bowman's space. What is this process called?
Filtration
Which of the following does not occur in the convoluted tubules?
Filtration
Which of the following describes exhalation?
Flow of air from the lungs to the exterior through the nose or mouth
Which hormones are high at the beginning of the menstrual cycle?
Follicle-stimulating hormone and estrogen
Which of the following is not a function of the nose?
Gas exchange
What is internal respiration?
Gas exchange between blood and the cells of the body
Which of the following correctly lists the capillary system found in the kidney?
Glomerular, vasa recta, and peritubular
White blood cells with granules in their cytoplasm are called __________.
Granulocyte
Which hormone is correctly matched with its function?
Growth hormone and skeletal growth
The oxygen-carrying protein in the body is__________.
Hemoglobin
The respiratory system plays a role in acid-base balance. Which of the following statements is correct?
High carbon dioxide levels lead to low pH
Which structure controls the activity of the endocrine system?
Hypothalamus
Which of the following does not occur during inspiration?
Increase in intrathoracic pressure
Which of the following statements is incorrect about estrogen?
It stimulates ovulation
Which of the following correctly describes the function of luteinizing hormone?
It stimulates the production of testosterone in males
Ovulation is stimulated by _________________.
LH
The end product of anaerobic respiration is ____________.
Lactic acid
Which of the following is also called the voice box?
Larynx
Which of the following is correct about steroid hormones?
Lipophilic and act on intracellular receptors
Which of the following correctly lists organs that are part of the digestive system?
Liver, pancreas, large intestine, and rectum
Hemoglobin releases oxygen when there is ______________________.
Low pH
Which of the following hormones produced by the pituitary gland is a reproductive tropic hormone?
Luteinizing hormone
Which anterior pituitary hormone is correctly matched with its target tissue?
Luteinizing hormone-gonads
Which of the following white blood cells has a horseshoe-shaped nucleus?
Macrophage
The process of breaking down food into smaller particles in the mouth is called ________.
Mastication
Which part of the brain regulates respiration?
Medulla
Which of the following is not a type of granulocyte?
Monocyte
Which of the following correctly describes the passage of food from the mouth to the anus?
Mouth → pharynx → esophagus → stomach → duodenum → jejunum → ileum → ascending colon → transverse colon → descending colon → sigmoid colon → rectum → anus
Which part of the pharynx is not a part of the digestive system?
Nasopharynx
Neutrophils
Neutrophils are a type of white blood cell that help heals damaged tissues and resolves infections.
Which of the following structures is correctly paired with its function?
Ovary—production of estrogen
Which of the following is the correct sequence in pregnancy?
Ovulation → fertilization in fallopian tube → implantation in endometrium → placental development
Which hormone controls the hypothalamus by positive feedback?
Oxytocin
Which of the following glands is correctly paired with its hormone?
Pancreas-Glucagon
Which hormone plays a role in calcium metabolism?
Parathyroid hormone
Which of the following correctly describes chyme?
Partially digested food mixed with gastric juice
Which of the following intestinal enzymes is correctly paired with its function?
Peptidase-polypeptide
Which of the following is a function of a neutrophil?
Phagocytosis of bacteria
The ________________ is a passage for air and food.
Pharynx
Which organ of the digestive system is not covered by the peritoneum?
Pharynx
Which of the following structure-function pairs is incorrect?
Pharynx—Prevents food from entering the lungs
Which of the following glands is known as the master gland?
Pituitary gland
Which blood cells have no nucleus or organelles?
Platelets
Antidiuretic hormone is released from the _________ and acts on the ______________.
Posterior pituitary, kidneys
Which of the following describes negative feedback control of the endocrine system?
Production of a hormone feeds back to decrease its own production
Which of the following is not a function of the kidney?
Production of albumin
Which of the following is not a function of macrophages?
Production of complements
Which of the following correctly describes aerobic respiration?
Production of energy by cells in the presence of oxygen
Which of the following is a function of the red bone marrow?
Production of platelets
Which of the following correctly describes the function of the testes?
Production of sperm and testosterone
Which of the following hormones is correctly paired with its function?
Progesterone—Secretory phase of the menstrual cycle
Which hormone is responsible for milk production in the breasts after childbirth?
Prolactin
What is the function of the mucus-bicarbonate barrier?
Protection of the gastric mucosa
Where is most of the glucose reabsorbed in the nephron?
Proximal convoluted tubule
Where is most of the sodium reabsorbed in the nephron?
Proximal convoluted tubule
Which of the following is not a function of the circulatory system?
Regulation of blood sugar
Which of the following correctly describes the flow of blood through the heart after the vena cava drains into the heart?
Right atrium-right ventricle-pulmonary artery-pulmonary vein-left atrium-left ventricle
Which of the following is not a function of the lymphatic system?
Secretion of bile
The spermatozoa is produced in the ___________.
Seminiferous tubule
Which of the following correctly describes the movement of the sperm?
Seminiferous tubule → epididymis → vas deferens → ejaculatory duct → urethra → external urethral meatus
Which of the following is not a function of testosterone in a male?
Stimulates growth of hair on the scalp, along with the armpits
Which of the following structure-function pairs is correct?
T lymphocyte—kill infected cells
Which hormone is correctly matched with its primary function?
TSH-stimulation of thyroid gland
Which of the following glands is correctly matched with its hormone and function?
Testes-testosterone-secondary sex characteristics
Immune system
The complex collection of cells and organs that destroys or neutralizes pathogens that would otherwise cause disease or death
Inflammatory response
The inflammatory response (inflammation) occurs when tissues are injured by bacteria, trauma, toxins, heat, or any other cause. The damaged cells release chemicals including histamine, bradykinin, and prostaglandins. These chemicals cause blood vessels to leak fluid into the tissues, causing swelling.
Phagocytes
The phagocytes are the body's fast acting, first line of immunological defense against organisms that have breached barrier defenses and have entered the vulnerable tissues of the body.
Sam has a blood pressure of 120/80mmHg. 80 represents the ___________.
The pressure in the arteries during diastole
T lymphocytes develop in the ___________.
Thymus
Which of the following is not produced by the adrenal gland?
Thyroid hormone
Another name for the windpipe is the _________________.
Trachea
Which structure divides into the left and right bronchi?
Trachea
Which of the following is not a function of the reproductive system?
Transport of nutrients to the body cells
The following are functions of the gonads except ____________.
Transporting of egg cells to fertilization site
Which structure transports urine from the kidney to the bladder?
Ureter
Which of the following structure-function is incorrectly paired?
Yellow bone marrow—Production of platelets
Histamine
a compound which is released by cells in response to injury and in allergic and inflammatory reactions, causing contraction of smooth muscle and dilation of capillaries.
Self Recognition
ability to distinguish between self-antigens, those that are normally present in the body, and foreign antigens, those that might be on a potential pathogen
What is the function of the small intestine?
absorption of nutrients
Dendritic cells
are antigen-presenting cells that link innate and adaptive immunity and are critical for the induction of protective immune responses against pathogens
A granulocyte with bilobed nucleus and granules that contain histamine is ________.
basophil
Sam just had an allergic reaction to a nut. Which of the listed cells is likely to be involved in the reaction?
basophil
The ________ is a sac-like structure that stores urine.
bladder
Low platelet levels carry the risk of __________.
bleeding
Which of the following is not the sex organ found in males?
cervix
Lymphocytes
coordinate the activities of adaptive immunity
What is the role of bile in the digestive system?
digestion of fat
____________ carries oxygen in the blood.
erythrocyte
Which of the following nutrients are absorbed into the lymph by lacteals?
fats
Which of the following is not a function of a hormone?
gas exchange
The endocrine system uses ___________ to maintain homeostasis.
hormones
B cells
immune cells that function primarily by producing antibodies.
Which of the following hormones will act on membrane receptors?
insulin
Macrophage
irregularly shaped phagocyte and is the most versatile of the phagocytes in the body.
Natural killer cell (NK)
is a circulating blood cell that contains cytotoxic (cell-killing) granules in its extensive cytoplasm.
Antibody
is any of the group of proteins that binds specifically to pathogen-associated molecules known as antigens.
Which part of the nephron creates the concentration gradient found in the kidney?
loop of henle
What is the functional unit of the kidney?
nephron
The bolus is formed in which part of the digestive system?
oral cavity
Which of the following sequences correctly describes the transportation of glomerular filtrate?
owman's capsule, proximal convoluted tubule, loop of Henle, distal convoluted tubule, collecting duct, renal pelvis, ureter
Where is most of the water reabsorbed in the nephron?
proximal convoluted tubule
The glomerulus receives blood from the _____________.
renal artery
Chyme is produced in the ____________.
stomach
Apoptosis
the death of cells which occurs as a normal and controlled part of an organism's growth or development.
There are 3 points of ureteric constrictions, and __________.
they are potential sites of ureteral stones
The purkinje fibres conduct impulses to the ____________.
ventricles