Nursing Issues 1

Which refers to the professional obligation of the nurse to assume responsibility for actions? a. Accountability b. Individuality c. Responsibility d. Bioethics

a. Accountability Nurses have an obligation to uphold the highest standards of practice, assume full responsibility for actions, and maintain quality in the knowledge base and skill of the profession; this is referred to as accountability. Individuality and responsibility are positive characteristics of the nurse but are not necessarily professional obligations. Bioethics is a field of study concerned with the ethics and philosophical implications of certain biological and medical procedures and treatments.

Which antipyretic medication may cause Reye syndrome in children? a. Aspirin b. Naproxen c. Ibuprofen d. Dantrolene

a. Aspirin Aspirin increases the risk of swelling in the brain and liver, which are the main symptoms of Reye syndrome in children. Aspirin is not recommended in children. Medications such as naproxen and ibuprofen do not induce swelling in the brain and liver; therefore, these medications may not cause Reye syndrome. Dantrolene does not induce swelling in the brain and liver; instread, it decreases calcium levels during malignant hyperthermia conditions.

Which tort involves intentional touching without the client's consent? a. Battery b. Invasion of privacy c. False imprisonment d. Defamation of character

a. Battery Battery is defined as intentional touching without the client's consent; this action may cause an injury or may be offensive to the client's personal dignity. Invasion of privacy is the announcement of a client's medical information to an unauthorized person. False imprisonment occurs when the nurse places the client in restraints without the approval of the primary health care provider. Defamation of character is the publication of false statements that result in damage to a person's reputation.

Which statement describes a client in the stage of contemplation in the stages of change? a. Considers change within the next 6 months b. No intention of making changes within the next 6 months c. Actively engages in strategies to change behavior; this lasts up to 6 months d. Displays sustained change over time; this begins 6 months after action has started and continues indefinitely.

a. Considers change within the next 6 months In the contemplation stage, the client considers a change within the next 6 months. In the precontemplation stage, the client does not intend to make changes within the next 6 months. In the action stage, the client is actively engaged in strategies to change behavior. This stage lasts up to 6 months. When sustained change is noticed over time, beginning 6 months after action has started and continuing indefinitely, the client has reached the maintenance stage.

Which describes the purpose of Nurse Practice Acts? a. Describe and define the legal boundaries of nursing practice within each state b. Reflect the knowledge and skills possessed by nurses practicing in their profession c. Legal requirements that describe the minimum acceptable nursing care d. Protect individuals from losing their health insurance when changing jobs by providing portability

a. Describe and define the legal boundaries of nursing practice within each state The Nurse Practice Acts describe and define the legal boundaries of nursing practice within each state. They help distinguish between nursing and medical practice and establish education and licensure requirements for nurses. Standards of care reflect the knowledge and skills possessed by nurses who are active practitioners in their profession. Standards of care are legal requirements that define the minimum acceptable nursing care. The Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) protects individuals from losing their health insurance when changing jobs by providing portability.

Which member of the interprofessional team in a palliative care setting serves as the client advocate, evaluating the physical, emotional, and spiritual needs of the client? a. Nurse b. Pharmacist c. Music therapist d. Primary health care provider

a. Nurse In a palliative care setting, the health care team would comprise professionals of various disciplines to help achieve care outcomes. The nurse on the interprofessional team evaluates the physical, emotional, and spiritual needs of the client. The nurse also advocates for the client and provides referrals to other members of the team. The primary health care provider assesses the clinical manifestations of the client. The pharmacist supports the care of the client and the needs of the family. Music therapists help increase the comfort of the client.

How are profits used in a for-profit health care organization? a. Profits are paid out to shareholders. b. Profits are used to buy new equipment. c. Profits are used to build additional facilities. d. Profits are invested in improving health care services.

a. Profits are paid out to shareholders. Health care organizations can be classified as for-profit and not-for-profit based on how the profits are distributed. In a for-profit organization, the profits are generated for the shareholders. In a not-for-profit organization, the profits are used to buy new equipment, build additional facilities, and improve health care services.

Under which type of health care services would the nursing student include subacute care? a. Tertiary care b. Continuing care c. Restorative care d. Secondary acute care

a. Tertiary care The nursing student would include subacute care under tertiary care. Subacute care is not a part of continuing care, restorative care, or secondary acute care health care services.

Which variable is an internal variable? a. Family practices b. Emotional factors c. Cultural background d. Socioeconomic factors

b. Emotional Factors Emotional factors are internal variables. Family practices, cultural background, and socioeconomic factors are external variables.

Which is an appropriate action for the registered nurse regarding assisted suicide? a. Nurses may have an open attitude toward the client's end of life. b. Nurses' participation in assisted suicide violates the code of ethics. c. Nurses may listen to the client's expressions of fear and attempt to control

b. Nurses' participation in assisted suicide violates the code of ethics. According to the American Nurses Association (ANA), the nurse's participation in assisted suicide would violate their code of ethics. According to the American Association of Colleges of Nursing (AACN) and the International Council of Nurses, the nurse may have an open attitude toward the client's end of life. According to the AACN and the International Council of Nurses, nurses may listen to the client's expressions of fear and attempt to control the client's pain. According to the Oregon Death with Dignity Act (1994), the primary health care provider in the state of Oregon can participate in assisted suicide only if an individual with terminal disease makes an oral and written request to end his or her life in a humane and dignified manner.

Which is the subset of clinical health care informatics? a. Clinical informatics b. Nursing informatics (NI) c. Public health informatics d. Clinical research informatics

b. Nursing informatics (NI) NI is the subset of clinical health care informatics. This is a speciality that integrates nursing science, computer science, and information science to manage and communicate data, information, knowledge, and wisdom in nursing practice. Clinical health care informatics is a subdomain of clinical informatics. Public health informatics is one of the major domains of informatics that uses computer science and technology to improve public health. Clinical research informatics is a subdomain of clinical informatics.

Which variable is an example of an external variable? a. Spiritual factors b. Developmental issues c. Socioeconomic factors d. Perception of functioning

c. Socioeconomic factors Socioeconomic factors are considered to be external variables. Spiritual factors, developmental issues, and the perception of functioning are internal variables.

The nurse notes that a client has mild hypothermia based on which body temperature? a. 29°C b. 30°C c. 33°C d. 35°C

d. 35°C Hypothermia occurs when the body temperature falls below 36.2°C. Based on the severity, it is classified as mild, moderate, and severe. Mild hypothermia refers to a body temperature of 34° to 36°C (93.2°F - 96.8°F). In this case, the client's body temperature is 35°C, which indicates mild hypothermia. Moderate hypothermia refers to a body temperature of 30°C to 34°C (86°F - 93°F), and severe hypothermia refers to a body temperature below 30°C (86°F). The client does not have severe hypothermia; therefore, the client does not have a body temperature of 29°C. The client does not have moderate hypothermia; therefore, the client does not have a body temperature of 30°C or 33°C.

Which legal complication might the nurse face for using a restraint without a legal warrant on a client? a. Libel b. Negligence c. Malpractice d. False imprisonment

d. False imprisonment If the nurse uses restraints without a legal warrant on a client, he/she may be charged with false imprisonment. Libel is the written defamation of character. Negligence is any conduct that falls below the standard or care. Malpractice is a type of negligence that is regarded as professional negligence.

Which activity places a client at risk for hyperthermia? a. Snowmobiling b. Skiing in the winter c. Hiking Alaskan mountains d. Performing strenuous activity in high humidity

d. Performing strenuous activity in high humidity When a client performs strenuous activity in high humidity, it reduces heat loss from the body and results in hyperthermia. Activities such as snowmobiling, skiing, and hiking in cold weather may cause hypothermia because they occur in cold temperatures and may lower body temperature.

Under which type of health care services would the student nurse include sports medicine? a. Primary care b. Tertiary care c. Preventive care d. Restorative care

d. Restorative care The student nurse would include sports medicine under restorative care. It is not categorized as primary, tertiary, or preventive health care services.

Which accurately describes hospice care? a. A resident's temporary or permanent home, where the surroundings have been made as homelike as possible b. Offers an attractive long-term care setting with an environment akin to the client's home, which offers the client greater autonomy c. Service that provides short-term relief for people providing home care to an ill, disabled, or frail older adult d. System of family-centered care that allows clients to remain at home in comfort while easing the pains of terminal illness

d. System of family-centered care that allows clients to remain at home in comfort while easing the pains of terminal illness Hospice care is a system of family-centered care that allows clients to remain at home in comfort while easing the pain of terminal illness. A nursing center is a resident's temporary or permanent home, where the surroundings are made as homelike as possible. Assisted living offers an attractive long-term care setting with an environment that is like the client's home and offers the client greater autonomy. Respite care is a service that provides short-term relief for people providing home care to an ill, disabled or frail older adult.

Which signs and symptoms are observed in the human body with a decrease in body temperature? Select all that apply. One, some, or all responses may be correct. a. Shivering b. Profuse sweating c. Flushed appearance d. Dilation of blood vessels e. Contraction of blood vessels

a. Shivering e. Contraction of blood vessels A client who has decreased body temperature may experience shivering due to contraction of the blood vessels in the body. The client who has decreased body temperature may not experience profuse sweating, flushed appearance, and dilated blood vessels. These signs and symptoms appear with an increase in body temperature.

According to Quality and Safety Education for Nurses (QSEN), which defines patient-centered care? a. Understanding that the client is the source of control when providing care b. Functioning effectively within nursing and interprofessional teams to deliver quality care c. Using data to evaluate outcomes of care processes and designing methods to improve health care d. Minimizing the risk for harm to clients and health care workers through improved professional performance

a. Understanding that the client is the source of control when providing care The QSEN competency called patient-centered care requires the nurse to understand that the client is the source of control. The nurse would respect the values, beliefs, and preferences of the client to provide quality care. The QSEN competency called teamwork and collaboration states that the nurse would function effectively within nursing and interprofessional teams to provide quality care. Quality improvement involves using data to evaluate the outcomes of care processes and design methods to improve the health care delivery system. Safety focuses on minimizing the risk for harm to clients and health care workers through improved professional performance.

Which is appropriate for the nurse to include in the education of the ethical principal of nonmaleficence to a group of nursing students? a. Treat all clients equitably and fairly b. Act in ways to prevent harm to clients c. Tell the client the truth about their health d. Help the client make informed choices

b. Act in ways to prevent harm to clients Nonmaleficence means to act in ways that prevent client harm or even the risk of harm. Telling the truth to clients about their health refers to veracity. Helping clients make informed choices promotes autonomy. Justice involves treating all clients equitably and fairly.

Which is the definition of a tort? a. The application of force to the body of another by a reasonable individual b. An illegality committed by one person against the property or person of another c. Doing something that a reasonable person under ordinary circumstances would not do d. An illegality committed against the public and punishable by the law through the courts

b. An illegality committed by one person against the property or person of another An individual is held legally responsible for actions committed against another individual or an individual's property. The application of force to the body of another is battery, which involves physical harm. Doing something that a reasonable person under ordinary circumstances would not do is the definition of negligence. An illegality committed against the public and punishable by the law through the courts is the definition of a crime.

Which statement accurately describes a health care policy as it relates to health care economics? a. It relates to maintaining standards of health care and achieving outcomes related to the goals of health care. b. It provides overarching goals and helps in setting priorities and values for the distribution of health resources. c. It governs the insurance industry and plays a very important role in the application of health care funding and reform. d. It involves the collaboration of health care workers and other resources required to perform all required client care activities.

b. It provides overarching goals and helps in setting priorities and values for the distribution of health resources. A health care policy provides overarching goals and helps in setting priorities and values for the distribution of health resources. Health care quality relates to issues surrounding standards of care and health care outcomes. Health care coordination involves the collaboration between health care professionals and other resources, which are required to deliver client care. Health care law is a governing factor in health care economics and plays a vital role in the application of health care funding and reform.

Which is the role of the nurse administrator in a health care setting? a. Providing surgical anesthesia under the guidance and supervision of an anesthesiologist b. Preparing the budget, staffing, strategic planning of programs and services, employee evaluations, and employee development c. Providing comprehensive care by directly managing the medical care of clients who are health or who have chronic conditions d. Educating staff about current nursing practices, trends, theories, and necessary skills in laboratories and clinical settings

b. Preparing the budget, staffing, strategic planning of programs and services, employee evaluations, and employee development The nurse administrator's function is to prepare the budget, staffing, strategic planning of programs and services, employee evaluations, and employee development. A certified registered nurse anesthetist provides surgical anesthesia under the guidance and supervision of an anesthesiologist. The nurse practitioner provides comprehensive care and directly manages the medical care of clients who are healthy or have chronic conditions. Nurse educators provide knowledge about current nursing practices, trends, theories, and necessary skills in laboratories and clinical settings.

Which statement best describes the mission of a community hospital? a. To educate health care professionals b. To provide general medical and surgical services c. To provide health care services to military members d. To provide end-of-life services to clients and families

b. To provide general medical and surgical services Each health care organization has a unique mission or purpose. The mission of a community hospital is to provide general medical and surgical services to the nearby community. The mission of a health care organization of the US Department of Defense is to provide health care services to military members. The mission of a hospice is to provide end-of-life services to clients and families. The mission of a research and teaching hospital is to educate health care professionals.

The nurse speaking in support of the best interest of a vulnerable client reflects which nursing duty? a. Caring b. Veracity c. Advocacy d. Confidentiality

c. Advocacy The nurse has a professional duty to advocate for a client by promoting what is best for the client. This is accomplished by ensuring that the client's needs are met and by protecting the client's rights. Caring is a behavioral characteristic of the nurse. Veracity relates to the habitual observance of truth, fact, and accuracy. Confidentiality is an ethical principle and legal right that the nurse will hold secret all information relating to the client unless the client gives consent to permit disclosure.

Which organization assists in establishing policies related to Medicare and Medicaid payment for meaningful use of electronic health records (EHRs)? a. National Institutes of Health (NIH) b. American Medical Informatics Association (AMIA) c. Center for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) d. Health Information Management Systems Society (HIMSS)

c. Center for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) CMS rules specify how health care facilities and providers make meaningful use of the EHRs and technologies to receive payment from Medicare and Medicaid. The NIH uses translational bioinformatics for medical research. The AMIA and the HIMSS have been involved in identifying nursing informatics competencies.

Which action by the student nurse may inhibit clients from disclosing personal information? a. Use of clients' data for nursing research b. Use of client data for Medicaid payment c. Discussing a client's illness with the client d. Sharing clients' data with family members

d. Sharing clients' data with family members Clients may not want their health information shared with others and may want to maintain their privacy. If the nurse retrieves client data from the electronic health record and shares it with family members, it may lead to clients not sharing information. The nurse can use client data for research without mentioning a client's personal details. The nurse can use client data for filing insurance to receive Medicaid payments. The nurse can discuss the client's illness with the client; doing so helps understand the client's perspective and to provide effective care.

The nurse concludes that a client with a body temperature of 98.6°F is experiencing which condition? a. Hypothermia b. Hyperpyrexia c. Hyperthermia d. Normothermia

d. Normothermia A body temperature of 98.6°F is normal. The nurse concludes that the client has normothermia. The client does not have low body temperature or hypothermia. The client's body temperature does not exceed the normal range; therefore, the client does not have hyperpyrexia or hyperthermia.