Nut ch 4

What is the adequate intake level for fiber in adult women?

25 grams

What percentage of the 30 million adults with diabetes do not know that they have the disease?

28%

What is the Adequate Intake level of dietary fiber for men?

38 grams

How many Carb Kcal per gram

4

How many Pro kCal per gram

4

Carbs should take up how much of our Daily Calorie Intake

45-65%

The threshold for diagnosis of diabetes is a hemoglobin A1c level greater than

6.5%

The threshold for diagnosis of diabetes is a hemoglobin A1c level greater than

65%

Amylopectin makes up about ______% of the digestible starches in the diet.

80%

How many Fat Kcal per gram

9

What percentage of the North American population 20 years or older is affected by diabetes?

9%

Polysaccharides are carbohydrates made of

A carbohydrate made of multiple units of glucose attached together in a form the body can digest

Which description best describes a starch?

A carbohydrate made of multiple units of glucose attached together in a form the body can digest

What is psyllium

A type of soluble fiber that is added to foods and supplements

What is the guideline that is set at a level 100 times less than the level at which no harmful effects were noted in animal studies?

Acceptable Daily Intake (ADI)

Which macronutrients provide 4 kilocalories per gram?

Carb

Which of the following statements about fiber are true?

s a complex carbohydrate Adds bulk to feces A substance found in plants

What is a temporary condition in which lactase production is decreased in response to another condition, such as diarrhea?

secondary lactose maldigestion

What type of fiber is helpful in lowering blood cholesterol?

soluble

What type of diabetes is characterized by insulin resistance and often associated with obesity?

type 2 diabetes

Photochemical are found in what?

Fruits and Veggies

The body prefers to use what as its main source of energy

Glucose

What is the major monosaccharide in the body?

Glucose

Select two different names for the type of dietary fiber that increases fecal bulk and decreases intestinal transit time.

Insoluble fiber Nonfermentable fiber

disaccharid

Is a carb made of 2 sugar units

Which of the following is a benefit of soluble fiber?

Reduces total serum cholesterol

How is fiber different from starches?

The chemical bonds in fibers that hold the sugar units together cannot be digested, preventing the absorption of these sugars.

Why did the name for type 2 diabetes change from noninsulin-dependent or adult-onset diabetes to type 2 diabetes?

Type 2 diabetics eventually rely on insulin injections. Children are developing type 2 diabetes.

Which of the following are common food sources of amylose?

Vegetables Breads Beans

Dietary Guidelines recommends that you consume at least half of all grains as _____.

Whole grains

Are High levels of HDL desirable?

Yes, as they are associated with lower risk of cardiovascular disease.

Of the following polysaccharides, which is digested most rapidly?

amylopectin

Which polysaccharide is a digestible, branched-chain type of starch composed of glucose units?

amylopectin

Which type of starch makes up 80% of digestible starches in the diet?

amylopectin

Because of its branched polysaccharide structure, ______ is digested more rapidly than ______.

amylopectin; amylose

Name the long, straight-chain type of starch that makes up about 20% of digestible starch.

amylose

Vegetables, beans, breads, pasta, and rice are common food sources of

amylose

What is a digestible straight-chain type of starch composed of glucose units called?

amylose

What are the two forms of starch digestible by humans?

amylose,amylopectin

High levels of hemoglobin A1c indicate chronically elevated

blood glucose

Which of the following are examples of polysaccharides?

cellulose amylose amylopectin

Maltose is a

disaccharide

Name the major monosaccharide found in the body.

glucose

The advantage of the branched structure of ______ is that it allows multiple enzymes to attach to its structure and break it apart quickly.

glycogen

The liver and muscles are the major storage sites for

glycogen

What is an HDL

high-density lipoprotein

Hyperglycemia refers to blood sugar that is

higher than normal.

What is the technical term for high blood sugar?

hyperglycemia

The cellulose in the skin of the apple is primarily ______ fiber.

insoluble

Milk is a natural source of

lactose.

Which of the following are major storage sites for glycogen?

liver and muscle

What are some natural food sources of sucrose?

maple sugar, sugar beets

Glucose is the major ______ found in the body.

monosaccharide

Identify the basic structures of the major carbohydrates

monosaccharides, disaccharides, and polysaccharides.

Mucilages, lignin, and cellulose are

nonstarch polysaccharides in foods dietary fiber

The monosaccharides and the disaccharides are designated as _____ because they provide calories.

nutritive sweeteners

Fiber is a type of

polysaccharide

Carbohydrates containing many glucose units, from 1000 or more are called _____.

polysaccharides

______ is a condition characterized by moderately high fasting blood glucose (100 - 125 mg/dl).

prediabetes

What condition is occurring when the concentration of blood glucose drifts up higher than normal over a period of years?

Prediabetes

How can you increase the nutrient consumption of potatoes by 50%?

Eat the potato skin

What is the fate of carbohydrates when they are consumed in high amounts and overall calorie needs are exceeded?

Fat is produced

How is glycogen able to be broken apart so quickly?

Its highly branched structure allows enzymes easy access.

Breakdown of starch

Maltose

Polysaccharides are carbohydrates made of

Many sugar units

Are Lingnins digestible by human enzymes

No

Is cellulose digestible by humans

No

Is cellulose digestible by humans?

No

Is milk a natural source of sucrose?

No

Select two different names for the type of dietary fiber that increases fecal bulk and decreases intestinal transit time.

Nonfermentable fiber Insoluble fiber

Which of the following carbohydrates are classified as dietary fiber?

Pectins,hemicelluloses gums cellulose

Psyllium is a type of ______ fiber that is used as a dietary supplement to improve blood cholesterol and blood sugar.

Soluble

Complex carbohydrates are also known as

Starch

A six-carbon monosaccharide that usually exists in a ring form

This is glucose. Starch is made of multiple units of glucose attached together.

What is the primary function of carbohydrates in the body?

To provide energy for the body

Individuals who do not consume enough dietary fiber from natural food sources can take dietary supplements (e.g., psyllium), to obtain the health benefits of increased fiber intake.

True

True or false: Because of its branched structure that can be broken down quickly, glycogen is an ideal storage form of carbohydrate in the body.

True

True or false: The liver and muscles are the major storage sites for glycogen.

True

True or false: The main function of glucose is to provide the body with a source of fuel.

True

True or false: The primary function of carbohydrates in the body is to provide energy.

True

rue or false: Both fiber and starch are types of polysaccharides

True