nut. exam 3.
After running in a marathon race in July, Joshua felt weak and his body weight was about 3% less than before the race. Based on this information, Joshua was probably suffering from A) brain cancer. B) liver failure. C) cystic fibrosis. D) dehydration
. D) dehydration
Which of the following statements is true? A) A person who has a BMI of 26.2 can have more muscle and bone tissue than another person who has the same BMI. B) A healthy person has a percentage of body fat that is between 1 and 9%. C) A man is obese when his percentage of body fat reaches 15%. D) An obese person with a BMI of 32 has more healthy fat tissue than an obese person with a BMI of 30.
A) A person who has a BMI of 26.2 can have more muscle and bone tissue than another person who has the same BMI
Which of the following statements is true? A) Fat cells produce leptin, a hormone that can reduce hunger. B) Satiety is the feeling that drives a person to consume food. C) People with "thrifty" metabolisms burn more fat per hour than other people. D) Ghrelin is an enzyme that breaks down fat in the stomach.
A) Fat cells produce leptin, a hormone that can reduce hunger.
________ is the iron-containing protein in red blood cells that carries oxygen. A) Hemoglobin B) Myoglobin C) Cytochrome D) Ferritin
A) Hemoglobin
Which of the following measurement techniques is a convenient, practical, and inexpensive way to determine if a person has an unhealthy distribution of body fat? A) Measuring the person's waist circumference B) Using the BOD POD method C) Using the underwater weighing technique D) Weighing the person and then consulting a weight/height table
A) Measuring the person's waist circumference
While in class, Barry can't seem to sit still. He constantly taps his feet on the floor and frequently shifts his position. The energy Barry uses for these involuntary movements is classified as A) NEAT. B) resting metabolism. C) TEF. D) basal metabolism.
A) NEAT.
Which of the following hormones acts to increase calcium absorption and decrease urinary calcium excretion? A) Parathyroid hormone B) Antidiuretic hormone C) Glucagon. D) Insulin
A) Parathyroid hormone
Which of the following statements is true? A) Scientists think all vitamins have been discovered. B) Vitamins are classified as being soluble in either alcohol or fat. C) Biotin is a vitamin-like substance for humans. D) The first vitamin was discovered in 1960.
A) Scientists think all vitamins have been discovered.
Which of the following statements is true? A) Skin can form prohormone vitamin D after being exposed to sunlight. B) Excessive intakes of vitamin D cause rickets in children. C) Pellagra is the vitamin D deficiency disorder in adults. D) Vitamin D is necessary for proper collagen formation.
A) Skin can form prohormone vitamin D after being exposed to sunlight
Constance is making a vegetable soup that contains carrots, beans, water, salt, pepper, 52) bits of ham, and onions. The soup has to cook for 4 hours. While the soup is cooking, what will happen to some of the minerals that are in its ingredients? A) The minerals will leach out of the food and into the cooking water, becoming part of the soup in the process. B) Cooking the soup's ingredients for this extensive amount of time will enable the minerals to become antioxidants. C) The minerals will leach out of the ham and vegetables and lose their natural bioavailability. D) The relatively high temperature that is needed to cook the soup will destroy the iron, phosphorus, and sulfur in the vegetables.
A) The minerals will leach out of the food and into the cooking water, becoming part of the soup in the process.
________ are fat-soluble vitamins. A) Vitamins K, E, and D B) Vitamins B-12, B-6, and E C) Pantothenic acid, vitamin A, and choline D) Niacin, riboflavin, and thiamin
A) Vitamins K, E, and D
Which of the following nutrients is a trace mineral? A) Zinc B) Potassium C) Calcium D) Phosphorus
A) Zinc
In the United States, the plastic used to make water bottles may contain A) bisphenol A. C) acetyl CoA. B) EDTA. D) EPA.
A) bisphenol
The most bioavailable and safest sources of calcium are A) dairy products. B) meat, fish, and poultry. C) spinach and broccoli. D) dietary supplements that contain calcium and zinc.
A) dairy products.
Consuela is an overweight young woman who wants to lose 10 pounds. The most reliable and safe way for her to lose this weight is to A) decrease her usual daily energy intake. B) increase her daily vitamin D intake. C) increase her essential fatty acid intake. D) decrease her physical activity.
A) decrease her usual daily energy intake.
Green leafy vegetables and orange juice are rich sources of A) folate. B) thiamin. C) iron. D) vitamin B-12.
A) folate.
Marcia's BMI is 24.2. Based on this information, her weight is in the ________ range. A) healthy B) extremely obese C) underweight D) overweight
A) healthy
Extracellular water A) includes plasma and tissue fluid. B)is within the nucleus and DNA C) is within cells. D) proves cellular engery
A) includes plasma and tissue fluid.
In the United States, ________ deficiency is the most common nutritional deficiency. A) iron B) calcium C) magnesium D) selenium
A) iron
Intracellular water A) is within cells. B) normally contains high amounts of sodium. C) surrounds cells. D) includes the plasma of blood.
A) is within cells.
The ________ play a major role in regulating the body's fluid balance. A) kidneys B) parathyroid glands C) salivary glands D) ovaries
A) kidneys
Osteoporosis is characterized by A) loss of bone mass and structure. B) immature red blood cells that lack hemoglobin. C) keratinization and death of epithelial cells. D) defective collagen production.
A) loss of bone mass and structure.
Iodine is necessary for A) maintaining normal thyroid function. B) producing properly-formed collagen. C) carrying oxygen in blood. D) transporting proteins in lymph.
A) maintaining normal thyroid function.
Weight-bearing exercises can A) strengthen bones. B) delay the development of diverticulosis. C) reduce the body's need for vitamin C and iron. D) increase the body's metabolism of zinc and sulfur.
A) strengthen bones.
Aldosterone and antidiuretic hormone act to increase urinary A) water conservation. B) iron metabolism. C) sodium elimination. D) water excretion.
A) water conservation.
A pound of body fat provides about ________ kcal. A) 4500 B) 3500 C) 1500 D) 2500
B) 3500
Which of the following cooking methods can result in major losses of water-soluble 9) vitamins? A) Steaming in a vegetable steamer B) Boiling in a saucepan of water C) Microwaving in little or no water D) Stir-frying in a small amount of oil
B) Boiling in a saucepan of water
Which of the following substances is a mild diuretic? A) Iron B) Caffeine C) Phenylalanine D) Calcium
B) Caffeine
Which of the following minerals is necessary for proper muscle contraction? 53) A) Selenium B) Calcium C) Cesium D) Aluminum
B) Calcium
Which of the following food groups includes foods that are rich sources of riboflavin? A) Vegetables B) Dairy C) Oils D) Fruits
B) Dairy
Erika is a college student who has never experienced dental decay. Recently, she slipped and fell down a flight of stairs. Although she had bumps and bruises after the fall, she did not break any bones. Which of the following practices is the most likely reason for Erika's strong bones and decay-resistant teeth? A) Taking vitamin K supplements daily B) Drinking fluoridated water C) Chewing iron pills before swallowing them D) Eating a high-protein, low-carbohydrate diet
B) Drinking fluoridated water
Which of the following statements is true? A) The body stores vitamins In the liver, spleen, and bones. B) Most vitamins cannot be synthesized by the human body. C) The body excretes fat-soluble vitamins more easily than water-soluble vitamins. D) Vitamins supply about 2 kcal per gram
B) Most vitamins cannot be synthesized by the human body.
Which of the following behaviors is typical of someone who has disordered eating but not an eating disorder? A) Binge-eating daily for 2 months B) Skipping breakfast when late for an exam C) Regularly using laxatives lose weight D) Frequently making oneself vomit after meals
B) Skipping breakfast when late for an exam
Which of the following foods is a good source of nonheme iron, but very little of the mineral is absorbed by the human intestinal tract? A) Red meats B) Spinach C) Liver D) Fat-free milk
B) Spinach
________ is the primary function of adipose cells. A) Metabolizing amino acids to build muscle tissue B) Storing triglycerides (fat) C) Metabolizing glucose to generate heat D) Storing glycogen
B) Storing triglycerides (fat)
An ________ is a substance that protects vulnerable molecules from free radicals. A) oncogene B) antioxidant C) enzyme D) ion
B) antioxidant
Basal metabolism includes energy needs for A) maintaining muscle tone. B) breathing. C) digesting food. D) performing physical activity.
B) breathing.
Adding a small amount of ________ to cooked vegetables can enhance the intestinal 10) tract's ability to absorb the fat-soluble vitamins they contain. A) water B) butter C) sugar D) Wine
B) butter
The classic signs and symptoms of pellagra include A) edema. C) night blindness. B) diarrhea. D) dry cough
B) diarrhea.
The human body needs vitamin K to A) absorb phosphorus from foods. B) form active blood clotting factors. C) release the energy stored in glucose. D) synthesize DNA.
B) form active blood clotting factors.
During a dental examination, the dentist notices that the enamel on the back sides of Andrew's teeth has eroded, and the some of the teeth are decaying. Based on this information, the dentist suspects that Andrew A) is not brushing his teeth regularly. B) frequently makes himself vomit after eating. C) eats foods that contain too much dietary fiber. D) has a vitamin D deficiency disorder.
B) frequently makes himself vomit after eating.
Compared to other people, a personterm-87 who has a "thrifty metabolism" A) metabolizes more glucose than fatty acids for energy. B) gains weight more easily. C) burns three times more fat. D) loses excess food energy in the form of body heat.
B) gains weight more easily.
Obese women have a higher risk of developing ________ during pregnancy than pregnant women who are not obese. A) pernicious anemia B) gestational diabetes C) cystic fibrosis D) maternal homocystinuria
B) gestational diabetes
Jason is a college football player who works out for 60 minutes per day, at least 5 days a week. He weighs 230 pounds, and his BMI is 24.3. According to this information, Jason A) is obese. B) has more lean than fat tissue. C) has the athletic sports triad. D) is overweight.
B) has more lean than fat tissue.
Consuming a high-sodium diet can increase the risk of A) cystic fibrosis. B) hypertension. C) liver cancer. D) osteomalacia.
B) hypertension.
When consumed with certain plant foods, vitamin C enhances the absorption of A) niacin. B) iron. C) riboflavin. D) calcium.
B) iron.
Vitamin C A) can cure night blindness. B) is needed to form strong collagen. C) dissolves in the fatty portions of foods. D) acts as a coenzyme in certain reactions that release energy from glucose.
B) is needed to form strong collagen.
B vitamins function as A)hormones. B) parts of coenzymes. C) structural components of body cells. D) neurotransmitters.
B) parts of coenzymes.
Vitamin D helps the body absorb A) magnesium and iodine. B) phosphorus and calcium. C) sodium and potassium. D) iron and copper.
B) phosphorus and calcium.
In general, fresh fruits and vegetables are good sources of A) iron. B) potassium. C) zinc. D) calcium.
B) potassium.
Typical treatments for eating disorders include A) bariatric surgery. B) psychotherapy. C) thyroxin injections. D) stimulant medications.
B) psychotherapy.
Sean has carpal tunnel syndrome. A few months ago, he began taking megadoses of 25) vitamin B-6, when he read that the vitamin can cure the disorder. Today, Sean reported to his friends that his hands were feeling numb and his walking is unsteady. Based on this information, Sean should A) discontinue taking vitamin B-6, because his body does not require the micronutrient. B) stop taking vitamin B-6, because he is showing signs and symptoms of vitamin B-6 toxicity. C) increase his vitamin B-6 intake, because the numbness and unsteadiness are signs that the treatment is working. D) continue taking the megadoses of vitamin B-6, because his body needs more time to heal.
B) stop taking vitamin B-6, because he is showing signs and symptoms of vitamin B-6 toxicity.
In the human body, water is involved in A) protecting polyunsaturated fatty acids from free radical damage. B) transporting substances. C) providing energy to fuel cellular activity. D) alcohol digestion.
B) transporting substances.
Which of the following vitamins have antioxidant activity? A)K B)E C)B-6 D)D
B)E
An early symptom of vitamin A deficiency is A) hair loss. B)Night blindness C) swollen tongue. D) Headaches
B)Night blindness
Which of the following statements is true? A) The aging process causes muscle cells to become fat cells. B) Fat cells require more energy to function than muscle cells. C) As people grow older, their metabolic rates decline. D) An average woman has a higher metabolic rate than an average man.
C) As people grow older, their metabolic rates decline.
Mario is concerned about the safety of his home's tap water, which is conveyed by pipes from a public source in his community. Which of the following agencies should he contact to learn more about the safety of his tap water? A) USDA B) BPA C) EPA D) FDA
C) EPA
20) Which of the following foods is a good source of vitamin K? A) Enriched breads B) Processed poultry products C) Green leafy vegetables D) Citrus fruit
C) Green leafy vegetables
Which of the following foods is not a good source of vitamin E? A) Whole grains C) Ground beef B) Safflower oil D) Sunflower seeds
C) Ground beef
Why is taking excess amounts of fat-soluble vitamins more likely to cause toxicity than 8) taking excesses of water-soluble vitamins? A) In general, water-soluble vitamins are more likely to be stored in the body than fat-soluble vitamins. B) The body has higher requirements for water-soluble vitamins. C) In general, excesses of fat-soluble vitamins cannot be excreted as easily as water-soluble vitamins. D) The body has higher requirements for fat-soluble vitamins.
C) In general, excesses of fat-soluble vitamins cannot be excreted as easily as water-soluble vitamins.
________ fat is located deep within the abdominal region and protects digestive organs. A) Bariatric C) Visceral B) Subcutaneous D) Cellulite
C) Visceral
Dorothy is a 65-year-old woman with pernicious anemia. What treatment would her doctor recommend? A) Vitamin C supplements B) Iron supplements C) Vitamin B-12 injections D) A vegan diet
C) Vitamin B-12 injections
Breathing, circulating blood, and thinking are ________ activities. A) NEAT B) physical C) basal metabolic D) TEF
C) basal metabolic
While Aaron was at a party, he drank too much alcohol. The following morning, he had a headache and his mouth felt very dry. Based on this information, Aaron was A) displaying the typical signs and symptoms of alcohol spectrum disease. B) experiencing the effects of delayed ethanol metabolism disorder. C) being affected by the dehydration that resulted from drinking alcohol. D) suffering from ion overload syndrome, which often occurs after excess alcohol ingestion.
C) being affected by the dehydration that resulted from drinking alcohol.
According to the DSM-5, the three main types of eating disorders are A) anorexia, female athlete triad, and night-eating syndrome. B) anorexia, diabulimia, and night-eating syndrome. C) binge-eating disorder, bulimia nervosa, and anorexia nervosa. D) muscle dysmorphia, bulimia nervosa, and binge-eating disorder.
C) binge-eating disorder, bulimia nervosa, and anorexia nervosa.
According to the "set point theory," a person's A) metabolic rate remains the same, regardless of environmental or physical factors. B) saturated fat intake strongly influences the rate at which he or she loses weight. C) body fat level is genetically determined and difficult to alter. D) body weight is influenced primarily by environmental factors.
C) body fat level is genetically determined and difficult to alter.
Tim's body is shaped like a pear, because his excess body fat is distributed mostly 81) below his waist. His body fat distribution is associated with A) increased risk of osteoporosis, cystic fibrosis, and autoimmune diseases. B) More nutrient deficiency diseases than if the excess fat were in the upper part of his body. C) fewer serious chronic health problems than if the excess fat were in the upper part of his body. D) increased risk of type 2 diabetes, hypertension, and heart disease.
C) fewer serious chronic health problems than if the excess fat were in the upper part of his body.
The body eliminates water through the A) liver. C) lungs. B) lymphatic system. D) thyroid gland.
C) lungs.
Sam wants to lower his risk of cancer. According to scientific studies, consuming ________ may increase his risk of this chronic disease. A) citrus fruit B) Brussel sprouts C) processed meats D) Onions
C) processed meats
Exposing milk to light can reduce it's________ content. A)Niacin B) vitamin D C) riboflavin D) thiamin
C) riboflavin
17) Issac is an 8-year-old child who has African ancestry. He lives in Chicago and does not 17) spend much time outdoors. He does not like to consume dairy foods because he has lactose intolerance. His diet consists primarily of enriched white bread, peanut butter, chicken, pork, apples, bananas, and green vegetables. Based on this information, Issac has a high risk of A) beriberi. B) scurvy. C) rickets. D) pellagra.
C) rickets.
"Cellulite" is A) a special type of muscle tissue that is stored in thighs and buttocks of women. B) visceral fat that has migrated from the abdomen to thighs and buttocks. C) subcutaneous adipose tissue that gives skin a lumpy appearance. D) fat that can be removed by mechanical massage or melted by hot laser therapy.
C) subcutaneous adipose tissue that gives skin a lumpy appearance.
Hyperthermia occurs when the body's A) metabolic rate is too slow. B) calcium content increases. C) temperature is too high. D) blood glucose level rises too quickly.
C) temperature is too high.
Jared is a vegan (total vegetarian). He can increase his intestinal tract's ability to absorb iron in his diet by combining iron-rich plant foods with sources of A) copper. B) vitamin A. C) vitamin C D) calcium.
C) vitamin C
Which of the following persons is in a state of negative energy balance? A) A 23-year-old man who lifts weights every other day and has a BMI of 24. B) A 29-year old woman who has maintained her weight for six months. C) A 5-year-old girl who is healthy and physically active. D) A 22-year old man who consumes 1900 kcal/day and is losing weight.
D) A 22-year old man who consumes 1900 kcal/day and is losing weight.
________ is a carcinogen. A) Cholesterol B) Whole milk C) White bread D) Alcohol
D) Alcohol
Intrinsic factor is needed to absorb vitamin A) A. B) C. C) B-6. D) B-12.
D) B-12.
________ limits the amount of food a person can eat at one time. A) Stomachectomy B) Colonoscopy C) Liposuction D) Bariatric surgery
D) Bariatric surgery
Which of the following foods contains the least water by weight? B) is within the nucleus and DNA. D) provides cellular energy. A) Leaf lettuceC) Whole-wheat bread B) Apple with skin D) Corn oil
D) Corn oil
Pregnant women who have a history of inadequate ________ intakes are at risk of 28) having babies with neural tube defects. A) selenium B) iron C) vitamin A D) Folate
D) Folate
Which of the following foods are reliable dietary sources of vitamin D? A) Enriched breads and cereals C) Processed luncheon meats B) Fresh fruits D) Fortified dairy products
D) Fortified dairy products
Which of the following statements is true? A) Iron ions are crucial for maintaining cellular fluid balance. B) Humans rely primarily on panting to dissipate excess body heat. C) Most people can tolerate a fever of 108 to 110° F. D) Human cells maintain proper hydration primarily by controlling ions in fluid compartments
D) Human cells maintain proper hydration primarily by controlling ions in fluid compartments
Which of the following foods is low in sodium and high in potassium? A) Soy sauce B) Canned soup C) Dill pickles D) Orange jui
D) Orange jui
Which of the following foods is a rich source of vitamin C? A) Eggs C) Whole-wheat bread B) Chicken D) Papaya
D) Papaya
Which of the following conditions increases a person's metabolic rate? A) Having a higher than normal level of cholescystokinin B) Consuming essential fatty acids C) Having a lower than normal level of thyroid hormone D) Recovering from an exercise workout
D) Recovering from an exercise workout
Which of the following statements is true? 4) A) The body stores vitamins in the liver, spleen, and bones. B) Most vitamins cannot be synthesized by the human body. C) The body excretes fat-soluble vitamins more easily than water-soluble vitamins. D) Vitamins supply about 2 kcal per gram.
D) Vitamins supply about 2 kcal per gram.
1) Jamal wants to lower his risk of cancer. He should 1) A) reduce his fiber intake C) drink less water. B) reduce his coffee intake D) avoid drinking alcohol.
D) avoid drinking alcohol.
The introduction of iodized salt in the 1920s dramatically reduced rates of ________ in the United States. A) hypogonadism B) anemia C) pellagra D) goiter
D) goiter
Females involved in competitive sports, especially ________, are at risk of the female athlete triad. A) lacrosse B) softball C) soccer D) gymnastics
D) gymnastics
The body needs folate to produce a coenzyme that 26) A) protects fatty acids from oxidation. B) transmits nervous impulses. C) metabolizes vitamin E. D) helps form DNA.
D) helps form DNA.
In the body, vitamin A helps A) insulin enter cells. B) the small intestine absorb calcium and phosphorus. C) reduce collagen synthesis. D) maintain epithelial cells.
D) maintain epithelial cells.
In the human body, water is involved in A) providing energy for physical activities. B) protecting DNA from oxidizing agents. C) making mineral nutrients. D) regulating body temperature.
D) regulating body temperature.
Marta is a teenager who doesn't eat fruits and vegetables. Her diet consists primarily of chicken, cottage cheese, yogurt, enriched bread, and butter. Furthermore, she doesn't take dietary supplements. Based on this information, Marta has a high risk of A) beriberi. B) pellagra C) osteomalacia. D) scurvy.
D) scurvy.
Pickled foods, canned soups, soy sauce, and deli (luncheon) meats contain high amounts of A) potassium. B) magnesium. C) selenium. D) sodium.
D) sodium.
People with central-body obesity are more likely to develop ________ than people who do not have excess fat in the midsection of their bodies. A) iron-deficiency anemia B) elevated HDL cholesterol C) beriberi D) type 2 diabetes
D) type 2 diabetes
Terry is a 22-year-old woman who weighs 132 pounds. Using the simple "rule of 88) thumb" method, what is her estimated 24-hour basal energy needs? A) 2851 kcal B) 1440 kcal C) 1056 kcal D)1296 Kcal
D)1296 Kcal
According to national surveys, the percentage of obese American adults increased by 74) almost ________ % between 1988-1994 and 2009-2010. A) 40 B) 70 C) 50 D)60
D)60
Dehydration can cause A) diabetes. B)hypoglycemia C) Cirrhisis D)Death
D)Death