NUT MID-TERM unit 6

What is the recommendation for intake of saturated fat according to the 2015 Dietary Guidelines for Americans?

<10% of total energy intake

Which of these conditions may be risk factors for atherosclerosis?

Sleep apnea Emotional stress, such as anger Elevated C-reactive protein blood level

Cardiovascular disease can result in kidney failure and which other conditions?

Stroke Heart attack

What are some heart healthy food selection and preparation tips?

Trim visible fat from meat after cooking Use moist cooking methods for lean meats Replace some of the solid fat in recipes with applesauce

Which lifestyle choice would be the best way to reduce a person's risk of atherosclerosis and CVD?

Increase physical activity

Choose all of the following that are risk factors for atherosclerosis.

Increasing age Diabetes Excess body fat

Choose the two characteristics that apply to lipids.

Lipids are organic nutrients Lipids generally do not dissolve in water

_____ fatty acids contain only one carbon-carbon double bond.

Monounsaturated

Which of the following are types of fatty acids?

Monounsaturated Polyunsaturated Saturated

_____ is a rich source of monounsaturated fatty acids.

Olive oil

What is the best way to meet the essential fatty acid recommendations within a "heart healthy" diet?

Replace foods that are high in saturated fat with foods that are high in unsaturated fats

_____ fatty acids consist entirely of carbon-carbon single bonds.

Saturated

Since saturated fatty acids do not contain any double bonds, they _____

can be packed tightly together

Alpha-linolenic acid and linoleic acid are _____ fatty acids because they must be supplied by the diet since the body cannot make them.

essential

Adipose cells are designed to store large amounts of _____.

fat as triglycerides

Cardiovascular disease is a group of diseases that affect the _____ and blood vessels.

heart

EPA, DHA, and AA aid in the production of _____.

hormone-like substances

Cholesterol and fats are types of _____.

lipids

Avocados and peanut and canola oils are good sources of _____ fatty acids.

monounsaturated

Alpha-linolenic acid is an _____ fatty acid.

omega 3

Corn oil, seeds, and nuts are good sources of _____.

omega-6 fat

A monounsaturated fatty acid contains _____ between carbons in its carbon chain.

one double bond

According to the 2015 Dietary Guidelines for Americans, intakes of _____ should be as low as possible.

trans fat and cholesterol

A _____ is comprised of three fatty acids attached to glycerol.

triglyceride

A polyunsaturated fatty acid contains _____ between carbons in its carbon chain

two or more double bonds

A polyunsaturated fatty acid contains _____ between carbons in its carbon chain.

two or more double bonds

Trans fatty acids are

unsaturated fatty acids that have relatively straight carbon chains

A saturated fatty acid contains _____ between carbons in its carbon chain.

zero double bonds

An HDL cholesterol level greater or equal to _____ is generally protective against heart disease in both men and women.

50

A triglyceride level greater or equal to _____ is classified as unhealthy.

200

_____ cells are commonly called "fat cells" because they are designed to store fat.

Adipose

Which fatty acids are considered essential fatty acids?

Alpha-linolenic acid Linoleic acid

Which three cuts of meat are considered lean?

Beef top sirloin steak Pork tenderloin Beef chuck roast

_____ is a sterol.

Cholesterol

What are some strategies to reduce the risk of developing atherosclerosis?

Consume more fiber-rich foods Eat antioxidant-rich foods Maintain a healthy weight for height

What are some poor dietary habits that can put you at risk of developing atherosclerosis?

Diets that provide large amounts of added sugars Diets that do not provide enough whole grains, nuts, and seeds Diets that do not provide enough fruits and vegetables

_____ can be saturated or unsaturated.

Fatty acids

Which of the following foods are good plant sources of omega-3 fat?

Flaxseeds Soybeans

Choose the food sources that are rich sources of polyunsaturated fatty acids.

Grapeseed oil Soybean oil

Choose the food sources that contain high amounts of saturated fat.

Palm oil Coconut oil Beef fat

_____ fatty acids contain two or more carbon-carbon double bonds.

Polyunsaturated

Choose the dietary components that describe a "heart healthy" diet.

Reduced intake of fatty red meats Focus on whole grains and low-fat dairy foods Emphasis on fruits and vegetables

Which of the following are ways essential fatty acids affect health?

Regulating blood pressure Regulating the immune system's inflammatory response

Choose the statement that correctly describes lipid digestion.

The small intestine is the primary site of lipid digestion

What is the significance of unsaturated fatty acids having double bonds that are typically in the "cis" form?

Their structures are "bent" or kinked at these double bonds

What is one characteristic that lipids found in foods and in the body have in common?

They are mostly in the form of triglycerides

Select the structural components of a triglyceride.

Three fatty acids A glycerol backbone

Which blood lipid levels would be considered appropriate for healthy persons?

Total cholesterol 125-200 mg/dl LDL cholesterol < 100 mg/dl Triglycerides < 150 md/dl

_____ make up about 95% of lipids in the body and in food.

Triglycerides

Safflower, sunflower, and grapeseed oils are good sources of _____ fatty acids.

polyunsaturated

Animal fats generally tend to contain more _____ fatty acids than plant oils.

saturated

Structurally, a trans fatty acid resembles a(n) _____ because its carbon chain is relatively straight.

saturated fatty acid

The primary site of lipid digestion is the _____.

small intestine

A lipid with carbons arranged in a ring is called a _____.

sterol