NUTR 1030 chp 9

True or false: some radical formation in the body is necessary and provide some benefits

true

plant oil's such as sunflower, safflower, canola, and olive oil's, as well as margarine and salad dressing are rich food sources:

vitamin E

match the vitamin with its function

vitamin E- antioxidant folate- blood formation vitamin D- bone health

folate, vitamin B 12 , and vitamin C are all examples of ____-soluble vitamins

water

Cooking vegetables in small amounts of water, cutting produce and two large pieces, and cooking fruits and vegetables with their skins are all effective ways to reduce the loss ____ That easily leech out of food and dissolve in cooking water

water-soluble vitamins

w.o.t.f. are examples of vitamins that many American adults don't receive enough of ?

- vitamin E - vitamin D

How many calories are provided from 60 mg of vitamin C?

0

What describes the degree of potency of a vitamin?

biological activity

The yellow orange pigment in fruit and vegetables are called

carotenoids

Which group of people would be at the least risk for developing a vitamin deficiency disease?

children

Dark green fruits and vegetables that contain carotenoids are not yellow orange in color because of the presence of ___

chlorophyll

____ Is the addition of specific amounts of thiamine, riboflavin, niacin, folic acid, and iron too refined flour and cereals

enrichment

Vitamins A and D are often added to milk, And ready to eat cereals are often sprayed with additional vitamins. These are examples of

fortification

During infancy, adolescents, and pregnancy, a persons vitamin needs:

increase

There ____ An association between eating diet rich in fruits and vegetables and lower risk of certain cancers, heart disease and age related macular degeneration

is

most vitamins are ____ bioavailable from natural food sources, rather than from supplements alone

more

The light sensitive area inside each eye is called the ____ And contains rods and cones, specialized nerve cells that are essential for vision

retina

What is the most active form of vitamin A in the body?

retinol

Children with leg bones that go under the way of carrying the upper part of the body is a sign of ____, a disease resulting from vitamin D deficiency

rickets

Which disease is characterized by a vitamin D deficiency and leads too soft and miss happen bones in children?

rickets

Most people do not need to be concerned about vitamin toxicity unless they are

taking mega doses of vitamin supplements or consuming large amounts of vitamin fortified food

When taken in excess during pregnancy, vitamin A is a ____, An agent that causes birth defects

teratogen

The term vitamin gets its meaning from

vita- meaning necessary for life amine- a nitrogen containing substance

match the vitamin with its function

vitamin A- immune function thiamin- energy metabolism folate- blood formation

Grains, such as wheat germ and fortified cereals, are typically good sources of which fat soluble vitamins?

vitamin E

which fat soluble vitamin is involved in the production of active blood clotting factors?

vitamin K

w.o.t.f. are considered roles of vitamins?

- Regulates a variety of body processes - Involved in the growth and development of tissues

Excess oxidation leading to chemical changes in cells may ultimately lead to:

- heart attack - stroke - cancer

Which statements about vitamins are true?

- Cells can become saturated with a vitamin - Cells can be damaged by excess vitamin intake - Excess vitamin intake can produce a toxicity disorder

w.o.t.f. Foods would not be a good source of vitamin D?

cucumbers

Preserving water soluble vitamins in food preparation can be achieved by

- Cooking fruits and vegetables with their skin - Cooking vegetables in small amounts of water - Cutting produce into large pieces

Choose the true statements about parathyroid hormone (PTH)

- PTH signals bones to release calcium - PTH helps raise the level of calcium in blood - PTH signals the kidneys to increase vitamin D production and decrease calcium in urine

Vitamins are measured in

- micrograms - milligrams

Rank the steps of the visual cycle beginning with dark conditions

1. In dark conditions retinal is attached inside opsin to make rhodopsin 2. light activates rhodopsin by causing retinal to change shape, which causes opsin to change shape 3. activated rhodopsin stimulates rod cell changes that result in vision 4. following rhodopsin activation, retinal detaches from opsin 5. energy is required to bring retinal back to its original form 6. retinal attaches to opsin to form rhodopsin

Vitamin ____ Participates in the development of epithelial cells, the production of white blood cells, and bone growth

A

The body is able to make vitamin ___ When skin cells are exposed to the suns ultraviolet radiation

D

Vitamin ____ Is necessary for the metabolism of the minerals calcium and phosphorus, and the production and maintenance of healthy bones

D

w.o.t.f. Best describes how an antioxidant works?

Gives up electrons to radicals

Prevent the risk of serious bleeding in infants, newborns are generally given a single injection of vitamin ___ immediately after birth

K

factors associated with low vitamin D status include:

- Screen Time more than four hours daily - Excess body fat - Drinking milk less than once a week

What criteria must a nutrient needs to be classified as a vitamin?

- The body cannot make it at all or in sufficient quantities to maintain good health - Signs and symptoms of a health problems occur if the nutrient is missing from the diet - The nutrient occurs in commonly eaten foods

Choose the true statements

- Toxicity is more likely to occur when taking excessive amounts of vitamin supplements - Taking a once daily multivitamin is unlikely to produce toxic affects in adults - Most commonly eaten foods do not contain toxic levels of vitamins

choose the true statements about vitamin D

- Vitamin D is not considered an essential nutrient - Vitamin D is considered a hormone - Calciferol comes from plant and animal sources

the amount of time one needs to spend in the sun to form adequate amounts of vitamin D depend on:

- location - time of day - skin color

Which groups of people are most at risk for the developing a vitamin A deficiency?

- people with fat malabsorption - preschoolers who don't eat vegetables - older adults

vitamin E functions to:

- protect polyunsaturated fatty acids in cell membranes - maintain immune system function - maintain nervous tissue

w.o.t.f. are good sources of beta-carotene?

- pumpkin - carrots - spinach

Adding a path of margarine to steamed carrots or tossing vegetables and salad dressing are two ways to improve the absorption of ____-soluble vitamins

fat

vitamins A, D, E, and K are all ____-soluble vitamins

fat

the ____-soluble vitamins are not easily excreted by the body, however, the kidney can filter excess ____-soluble vitamins so they are eliminated in the urine

fat; water

What is highly reactive and removes electrons from more stable molecules such as proteins, fatty acids, and DNA?

free radical

Vitamin E protects the poly unsaturated fatty acids that are located in cell membranes from being damaged by ____ ____

free radicals

The adult form of vitamin D deficiency is called

osteomalacia

Vitamin D comes from both plant and animal food sources, the ____ form of Vitamin D is called ergocalciferol

plant

match the vitamin with another name that may be used to identify it

vitamin A- retinol vitamin E- alpha-tocopherol vitamin C- ascorbic acid

Vitamins provide ____ Kilocalories per gram

zero