NUTR - Ch. 3 Homework

______ refers to the muscular contractions that move food along the gastrointestinal tract - Secretion - Excretion - Homeostasis - Peristalsis

Peristalsis

True or False: Proteins are made of amino acids.

True

The ___________ is a long tube in the GI tract that connects the throat with the stomach. The throat is otherwise known as the _________, an organ that is located at the back of the oral and nasal cavities. Located near the throat, the __________ is the flap of tissue that prevents food from entering the trachea. A moistened mass of food swallowed from the oral cavity into the pharynx is called a _________. Muscular contractions occurring throughout the GI tract that move food along are collectively called ___________.

esophagus pharynx epiglottis bolus peristalsis

Lipids are broken down into - amino acids. - glucose. - fatty acids and glycerol. - coenzymes.

fatty acids and glycerol

Carbohydrates are broken down into - fatty acids and glycerol - glucose - coenzymes - amino acids

glucose

The best way to treat a mild case of constipation is to - decrease fat intake. - take calcium carbonate tablets. - increase fiber and fluid intakes. - use an over-the-counter laxative.

increase fiber and fluid intakes

All absorbed nutrients eventually travel to the - pancreas. - gallbladder. - liver. - large intestine.

liver

The cell membrane is a double membrane made of ____________ that have their water-soluble heads facing the interior and exterior of the cell. The interior portion of the cell membrane contains the ____________ tails. A fat-soluble molecule, ____________ , provides rigidity and stability to the membrane. There are also proteins inside the cell membrane, including ____________ that speed up the rate of a chemical process.

phospholipids water-insoluble cholesterol enzymes

Carefully selecting your pizza toppings will improve your fiber intake in a small way, but you'll probably still need to look for additional ways to boost your fiber intake. Which of the following side dishes will help to boost your fiber intake at this meal? - 2 cups of tossed salad - 1 garlic bread stick with marinara sauce - 1 cup of pasta with Alfredo sauce - 1 cup of pasta and bean soup

1 cup of pasta and bean soup

Linda's mother complains that she is frequently constipated. Which of the following are useful strategies for alleviating constipation? - Choose a whole-grain breakfast cereal instead of one made with refined grains - Set aside time for exercise each day - Have dried fruit and nuts as snacks after lunch instead of a candy bar - Take a calcium carbonate supplement - Ignore the urge to defecate during the work day - Set a goal to drink at least 6 cups of water during the work day

-Choose a whole-grain breakfast cereal instead of one made with refined grains - Set aside time for exercise each day - Have dried fruit and nuts as snacks after lunch instead of a candy bar - Set a goal to drink at least 6 cups of water during the work day

In the cells, chemical reactions convert the energy in glucose, fatty acids, and amino acids into - urea. - ATP. - chyme. - glycogen.

ATP

Which of the following correctly traces the path of food through the gastrointestinal tract? - Esophagus → liver → small intestine - Small intestine → stomach → pancreas - Esophagus → stomach → small intestine - Stomach → esophagus → small intestine

Esophagus → stomach → small intestine

True or False: Glucose, protein, glycerol, and long-chain fatty acids are absorbed from the small intestine directly into the bloodstream.

False

As you select your pizza, look for slices with extra vegetables or fruit. This will increase fiber content by about 1 gram per slice. If the restaurant offers pizza with whole grain crust, this would also add about 1 gram of fiber per slice. Which of the following pizza options contributes the most fiber? - Cheese pizza - Veggie pizza - Ham and pineapple pizza - Pepperoni pizza

Veggie pizza

For what activities does the body use ATP? - Walking to class at a leisurely pace - Biking up a steep hill - Studying for a test - Breathing

Walking to class at a leisurely pace Biking up a steep hill Studying for a test Breathing

A common cause of constipation is - chronically ignoring bowel urges. - consuming too much coffee. - exceeding the AI for fiber. - occasional use of laxatives.

chronically ignoring bowel urges.

A condition characterized by difficult or infrequent bowel movements is... - diarrhea - constipation - heartburn - hemorrhoids

constipation

Bile is necessary for some nutrient digestion and absorption; bile is produced in the ____________ . Bile is stored and concentrated in the ____________ . The primary nutrient that bile is responsible for digesting and absorbing is ____________ . Glucagon and insulin are two hormones that regulate glucose levels and both are produced in the ____________ . Bicarbonate is a base that neutralizes the acidity of chyme as it moves from the ____________ to the ____________ .

liver gallbladder fat pancreas stomach & small intestine

The primary site of nutrient absorption from the gastrointestinal tract is the - liver. - esophagus. - small intestine. - stomach.

small intestine