nutrish : the finale :O

Articles that appear in the Journal of the American Medical Association are reliable sources of health information because the editors

have other scientists review and react to the content of articles before publishing them.

Which of the following is better absorbed in the body?

heme iron

Trans fats ___________ LDL

increase

The amount of vitamin C that meets about 98% of the population's need for the nutrient is the _____ for the vitamin.

RDA

The process where nutrients and other substances are taken up and enter either the bloodstream or lymphatic system.

absorption

Which of the following is not a good source of Vitamin E?

apples

Where is the primary site of alcohol metabolism?

liver

Cretinism is caused by _________.

low iodine intake during pregnancy

Which of the following is NOT a way to lower the glycemic index of foods?

low protein content

Alcohol raises blood glucose, and decreases blood triglycerides.

lowers and increases

Grains, nuts, and seeds lack this amino acid.

lysine

Chewing food is an example of

mechanical digestion.

A (An) _____ is a body structure composed of tissues that have related functions.

organ

Which of the following organs produces and secretes enzymes that are essential for proper digestion?

pancreas

Small amounts of food move from the back of the mouth and through the esophagus by involuntary muscular movements called

peristalsis.

For the past 2 years, 23-year-old Amy has been losing a lot of blood during her menstrual periods. She reports feeling tired all of the time. Based on this information, which of the following conditions is she most likely to develop?

iron deficiency

Your patient wants to increase his intake of omega-6 fatty acids, so he should choose foods that contain ______.

linoleic acid

A food scientist has chemically analyzed a food item to determine its ingredients. One of the ingredients was a simple chemical that consisted of a molecule of glucose bonded to another molecule of glucose. This ingredient was _____.

maltose

The process of digesting food begins in the

mouth

Which of the following is the correct order of the digestive system?

mouth -> esophagus -> stomach -> small intestine -> large intestine

Pharmacological doses of a form of ____ may be used to reduce elevated LDL cholesterol levels.

niacin

An early symptom of vitamin A deficiency is

night blindness

This supplement causes vasodilation.

nitrate

Proteins have ______ in their chemical structures

nitrogen

To increase your intake of omega-6 fatty acids, you should choose foods such as _____.

nuts, avocados and vegetable oil

Which of the following substances assists in the digestion of proteins?

pepsin

Lucille has a disease that causes proteins loss in her urine. A sign of this disease is edema. Based on this information, Lucille has

swelling of tissues.

A serving of food contains 15 g carbohydrate, 3 g protein, and 5 g fat. Based on this information, a serving of this food supplies ______ kcal.

117

If your total calorie intake is 1800 kcal per day and your protein intake is 70 grams, what percent of calories comes from protein?

15%

A serving of food contains 20 g carbohydrate, 6 g protein, 10 g fat. Based on this information, a serving of this food supplies ____ kcal

194

Name some water-soluble vitamins.

B Vitamins, Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Folate, Vitamin B12, Panothenic acid, Biotin, Vitamin C

Grace is a healthy 28-year-old woman. She doesn't work out, but she consumes protein supplements because she thinks they will increase her muscle mass without exercising. Based on this information, the excess amino acids in her diet will be

converted into ammonia, which is eventually converted into urea by her kidneys.

Fatigue and being thirsty are symptoms of being _______ dehydrated.

1-2%

How many kcals/g are in alcohol?

7

Which of the following emulsifies lipids during digestion?

Bile salts

Sean is a lactovegetarian. Which of the following foods does he eat?

Cheese

true or false: Water is a source of energy

False

Vitamin B-1 is also called

Thiamin

A carbohydrate consists of 5 monosaccharide units. It is a ______ carbohydrate.

complex

Which of the following food groups includes foods that are good sources of riboflavin?

dairy

solid fats generally have a high proportion of ____ fatty acids.

saturated

A carbohydrate consists of 2 monosaccharide units. It is a ______ carbohydrate.

simple

Where does carbohydrate digestion start?

the mouth

The prevalence of type 1 diabetes is about ________.

5-10%

Hypoglycemia is defined as when blood glucose drops below ________.

70 mg/dL

The prevalence of type 2 diabetes is about ________.

90-95%

Which of the following vitamins is a teratogen when consumed to toxic levels?

A

what is the only form of vitamin E that your body uses.

Alpha-tocopherol

Compare the approval process for drugs from the FDA vs supplements. Essay answer:

Drugs go through a more heavily vetted and serious process than supplements do through the FDA. Because of this drugs that aren't approved by the FDA aren't usually put out for use for consumers, supplements however don't have to be approved by the FDA and can take forever for them to be approved.

true or false: If the requirement for a certain mineral is equal to or greater than 200 mg, the mineral is classified as a major mineral.

False

Which of the following foods is a naturally good source of vitamin D?

Fatty fish and fish oils.

Hormone that helps raise blood glucose levels, produced by the Alpha cells

Glucagon

High levels of _______ can be protective against heart disease.

HDL

Why is taking excess amounts of fat-soluble vitamins more likely to cause toxicity than taking excesses of water-soluble vitamins?

In general, excesses of fat-soluble vitamins cannot be excreted as easily as water-soluble vitamins.

Hayden takes megadoses of vitamin B-6 because she thinks it benefits her health. Which of the following statements about vitamin B-6 would be the most accurate information to tell her?

Ingesting large doses of vitamin B-6 can cause loss of fine motor skills.

Rosie is a lactovegetarian. Which of the following foods does she consume?

Milk

A swollen tongue is a symptom of this vitamin deficiency.

Riboflavin

essay q: Describe how soluble fiber works to decrease blood cholesterol levels. Be specific and provide as much detail as possible.

Soluble fiber binds to cholesterol and passes it in the stool. When this occurs, your blood cholesterol level decreases because the liver uses it to make bile.

What is the major difference between soluble and insoluble forms of fiber?

Soluble fiber dissolves or swells in water, whereas insoluble fiber generally does not change in water.

Describe 3 factors that decrease vitamin D in the skin.

age - older adults -skin color - darker skin -geographic location - northern hemisphere -time of year - winter

Hardening and narrowing of arteries by deposits of fat, cholesterol, and other substances is ______

atherosclerosis

Deep yellow, dark green, and orange fruits and vegetables are rich sources of

beta-carotene

Iron is a trace mineral, because the

body's RDA for iron (adult women) is 18 mg/day.

Iodine is needed for _________.

brain development metabolism reproductive function

Which of the following has the lowest vitamin content?

canned foods

Which of the following macronutrients raise blood glucose the most?

carbohydrates

Which of the following foods is a good source of vitamin K?

green leafy vegetables

Trans fats ___________ HDL

decrease

The classic signs and symptoms of pellagra include

dementia

A substance that stimulates kidneys to form urine is called a __________.

diuretic

Arginine stimulates the release of this hormone

growth hormone

true or false: People produce more lactase as they get older.

false

true or false: The FDA approves supplements before they go to market.

false

true or false: Vitamin B-12 is found in animal and plant sources.

false

true or false: Water-soluble vitamins cannot function in a coenzyme.

false

true or false: vitamins are primary made in the body.

false

This macronutrient is associated with increased cancer risk when consumed in high quantities.

fat

A food scientist has chemically analyzed a food item to determine its ingredients. One of the ingredients was a complex chemical that consisted of several hundred glucose molecules bonded together. When the scientist tested the complex chemical, he discovered it couldn't be digested by humans. Based on this information, the complex chemical was a form of _____.

fiber

To increase your intake of omega-3 fatty acids, you should choose foods such as _____.

fish oil and flax seed oil!

Appetite regulation controlled by ________ phase(s) occurs when the stomach and intestines signal the brain when to start and stop eating.

gastric and intestinal

What is sucrose comprised of

glucose and sucrose

Iodine deficiency is called _________.

goiter

Insulin is made by the

the pancreas

Phil is a participant in a study designed to examine the effects of taking a new protein-containing product on muscle tissue development. Phil suspects he's in the experimental group, because he's certain his muscles are bigger and stronger as a result of taking the product supplied by the researchers. When the study is completed, Phil learns that he didn't receive the new source of protein. Phil thinks the researchers made a mistake—he's certain his muscle mass increased while he consumed the product. According to this information, Phil's belief that his physical condition improved while he participated in the study is an example of

the placebo effect

What is hemoglobin?

the protein in red blood cells that transports oxygen

Metabolism is

the total of all chemical changes that occur in cells

Which of the following vitamins is part of a coenzyme that participates in energy metabolism?

thiamin

True or false: there is no known toxicity of Vitamin K.

true

true or false: The USP label means that the company went through voluntary testing.

true

true or false: Toxicity with calcium is typically due to intaking too much of a calcium supplement.

true

Diet refers to a person's

usual pattern of food choices

Yesterday, Katie ran in a marathon race. While she ran, she drank several large cups of water at water stations along the race course. At the end of the race, she experienced difficulty making it to the finish line. She was confused, and she complained of having a headache and feeling dizzy. Based on this information, Katie was probably suffering from

water intoxication

Which of the following is used for muscle gain and strength increases?

whey protein