Nutrition 2 Study Guide
An 18 year old presents with microcytic hypochromic anemia. What mineral deficiency might she have?
Iron
Bill's physician has prescribed an intake of 2 grams of nicotinic acid (a form of niacin) to attempt to improve his cardiovascular health. Which of the following is true about nicotinic acid consumption?
It can lower LDL cholesterol and increase HDL cholesterol.
The BCAA's are essential amino acids that have a role in medicine and sports nutrition. What are these amino acid?
Leucine, isoleucine, valine
Protein-rich food sources include meats, fish, nuts, and beans.
True
Water-soluble vitamins can be destroyed by heat in cooking.
True
When consuming dietary supplements, it is important to be aware of the Tolerable Upper Limit (UL) to prevent any potential toxicities associated with
True
A vegan (eats only plant-based diet) is at risk for a deficiency in which of the following micronutrients.
Vitamin B 12 and iron.
Cigarette smokers are encouraged to 35 mg more than the RDA of ______to help repair free radical damage occurring in the lung.
Vitamin C
Which vitamin is nicknamed the "sunshine vitamin"?
Vitamin D
What compound found in the skin is used to synthesize vitamin D 3 when exposed to sunlight (ultraviolet light)?
7-dehydrocholesterol
Josie is pregnant and craves red clay from her backyard. Because of her _____, the dietitian suspects Josie has a(n) _____ deficiency.
Pica, iron
You are working in a alcohol treatment center. Your patient's intake of thiamin is severely low. Why?
All of the above.
Calcium and vitamin D are critical nutrients to bone health. One encourages optimum intake of these nutrients and/or supplements if needed during childhood and early adulthood because peak bone mass is achieved by approximately what age?
30 years
Taking into account how vitamin D is synthesized by the body, which one of the following individuals is at greatest risk for vitamin D deficiency?
A middle-aged woman living in Alaska.
The leading cause of blindness among older Americans is macular degeneration. Eating a diet rich in can may decrease the risk of this condition.
Beta carotene
Vitamin D and vitamin K share which of the following characteristics?
Both can be synthesized endogenously by the body.
Mrs. Greenwood has brought her 13-month-old daughter to see the dietitian. Her daughter's skin has an orange tint suggesting she has a high beta- carotene intake. Based on this information, which foods might be suggested to decrease in the diet?
Carrots, tomatoes, cantaloupe, and egg yolks
What do antioxidants primarily protect?
Cell membranes containing phospholipids which can be easily oxidized.
This mineral can be protective for the teeth when introduced into the water supply; however it can cause tooth mottling when consumed in high quantities.
Fluoride
Which two vitamins depend upon one another for activation and play a key role in DNA synthesis/cell division?
Folate and B 12 .
Which of the following B vitamins play a critical role in oxidative phosphorylation and beta-oxidation?
Niacin and riboflavin
Milk is packaged in opaque containers to protect the destruction of what vitamin by light?
Riboflavin
Insufficient calcium or vitamin D during childhood is associated with
Rickets
Maternal diet can impact fetal outcome. Which of the following may occur when a baby is born to an iodine-deficient mother due to a deficiency of ______________.
The baby is born with cretinism, thyroid hormones.
A proteins shape depends on its amino acid sequence.
True
Sarah has been on long-term antibiotic treatment. Which fat-soluble vitamin deficiency might occur as a result of her antibiotic treatment and what would be the clinical consequences of this deficiency?
Vitamin K, bleeding due to poor blood clotting
You are advising a friend about the vitamin content of foods. She is trying to increase her intake of B vitamins. Which of the following foods would you advise her to consume to improve her B vitamin intake?
Whole wheat bread
The doctor has recently told Julie that she is anemic. Julie's intake of animal products is minimal. Julie is taking an iron supplement (Ferric oxide). Based on what you know about nonheme iron, you recommend that she should consume ________ with her iron supplement to increase its absorption by converting ferric iron (Fe 3+ ) to ferrous iron (Fe 2+ ).
a glass of orange juice
You might suspect vitamin A deficiency in an individual if he/she presented with
all of the above
Because vitamin B 12 is obtained from ________ sources only, who is most likely to be vitamin B 12 deficient?
animal, vegan.
In a protein-deficient state one cannot make _____ to fight off infectious agents.
antibodies
You work in a daycare setting and a child you are working with is allergic to milk and consumes absolutely no milk or milk products. This child develops sores (cheilosis) on the outside of the mouth. Her mother reports that her child has been diagnosed with _________________ due to a deficiency of the vitamin __________.
ariboflavinosis, riboflavin
Smokers must be aware of certain vitamins. It is recommended that smokers not take supplements of ________ due to an increased risk of cancer.
beta - carotene
Ann is 60 years old and at risk for osteoporosis. Which of the following dietary supplements would be MOST helpful to minimize bone loss?
calcium and vitamin D.
An 18 year old female presents with iron deficiency anemia. You discuss the differences between heme and nonheme iron with her. Since the absorption of heme iron is superior to nonheme iron, you advise her to consume heme iron which can be found in which of the following foods?
chicken
Deficiency symptoms of pinpoint hemorrhages under the skin, bleeding gums, and joint pain are related to the role of vitamin C in ____________.
collagen synthesis
The problem of a limiting amino acid is most simply overcome by
combining foods with different limiting amino acids to complement each other and provide adequate amounts of all the essential amino acids.
The best way to improve the body's ability to cope with free radicals is to
consume plenty of fruits and vegetables.
Antioxidant vitamins
donate electrons to stabilize free radicals
Bob's physician has just diagnosed him with iron-deficiency anemia. ALL of the following would be good advice for Bob to utilize more dietary iron EXCEPT
drink a glass of milk with an iron supplement.
Jonathan, a dietitian working with mothers and their young children, notices that many of the children are given bottled water rather than that from the community fluoridated water supply. He plans to discuss with the mothers the advantages of having sufficient _____ in the diet of children to help with dental health.
fluoride
A 26 year-old female has been diagnosed with macrocytic anemia. She consumes virtually no fruits or vegetables and does not take a multivitamin supplement. What vitamin deficiency might be associated with this clinical scenario?
folate
The vitamins that must be included in enriched flours are thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, and
folate
Dietary intervention trials suggest that the protective effect of beta-carotene is available from _________ but not from ________.
fruits and vegetables, beta-carotene supplements
Vitamin B 6 , B 12 and folate are necessary for the metabolism of the amino acid _____________. Elevated levels of this amino acid are associated with increased cardiovascular disease/risk of stroke.
homocysteine
Pernicious anemia is most commonly caused by
inadequate B 12 intake and/or absorption.
The foods that provide the largest source of riboflavin in the American diet are __________.
milk and dairy products
Women who are considering getting pregnant are advised to take folic acid supplements to reduce the risk of giving birth to infants with
neural tube defect
Newborn infants receive a single dose of vitamin K at birth due to the fact that:
newborns do not have enough bacteria in their large intestine (colon) to make vitamin K.
Vitamin C improves the absorption of _____________.
nonheme iron
The vitamin deficiency state ____________ characterized by the "four D's' was "cured" with the introduction of protein containing foods into the diet providing tryptophan which can be converted to ________.
pellegra; niacin
For individuals with hypertension, it is recommended that they decrease their intake of processed foods and increased their intake of fruits and vegetables. The rationale for this is that these dietary changes will provide a diet higher in ____________ and lower in _______ both of which will help to lower blood pressure.
potassium intake, sodium intake
Contemplate the clinical course/facts about osteoporosis. What do medications and lifestyle changes do with regard to osteoporosis?
slow the progression
Animal-derived foods are considered to be more complete protein sources than plant-derived foods because
they contain all of the essential amino acids, while plant- derived foods contain low amounts of one or more of the essential amino acids.
An elderly person presents with Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome. What vitamin deficiency would you want to correct ASAP?
thiamin
With aging, gastric acidity and intrinsic factor may decrease. Which nutrient might be expected to deficient in an elderly person given the existence of these clinical factors?
vitamin B 12
Scurvy can be prevented by consuming adequate amounts of
vitamin C
Dennis had undergone a heart valve replacement and was placed on Coumadin to help prevent blood clots. Which vitamin, important for blood clotting, should be maintained at constant levels when taking anti-clotting drugs such as Coumadin?
vitamin K
The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends that all newborns in the United States receive a vitamin K injection for all of the following reasons EXCEPT:
vitamin K is lost as a result of bleeding during birth.
A teen-ager presents for a work-up for poor growth and delay in puberty. He is from The Middle East and consumes the fairly typical Middle Eastern type diet. Which trace mineral deficiency might explain these findings and warrant further work-up?
zinc
