Nutrition 7

Gluten-containing

Macaroni made from wheat flour Rye cracker Barley cereal

Collagen

Cartilage, ligament and bone tissue

Which of the following statements is true?

Certain proteins transport nutrients and oxygen in the bloodstream.

Peptide bond

Chemical attraction that connects two amino acids together

Which of the following are guidelines suggested by the US dept of agriculture's MyPyramid Plan for protein?

Choose lean or low fat meat When buying ground beef, choose "extra lean" products Remove any visible fat

Nonessential amino acid

Cysteine Alanine Aspartic acid Glutamic acid Serine Asparagine

Which of the following are unproven diagnostic methods for allergies?

Diagnosis performed by an alternative medical practitioner Electrodermal testing Hair analysis

High-phenylalanine food

Diet cola Meat Milk Egg

R group:

Differs with each amino acid

Animal proteins are a good source of all nine _______________ amino acids

Essential

When cooking, people should avoid adding large amounts of miso to food, because it _______.

is high in sodium

A________________ is part of a plant family with pods that contain a single row of seeds. Examples include: peanuts, garden peas and lentils.

legume

The ________ is main site of deamination in the body.

liver

A team of food scientists wants to develop a formula diet for newborns that is a nutritionally complete food that replaces human milk. To support normal infant development, the formula must have ________ as an ingredient.

lysine

Isabella is 24 years of age and weighs 156 pounds. Based on her body weight, her RDA for protein is about ________ grams.

57

Luis is 23 years of age and weighs 220 pounds. Based on his body weight, his RDA for protein is ________ grams.

80

Foods differ in their protein quality. A complete protein provides adequate amounts of all essential amino acids. An incomplete protein lacks adequate amounts of one or more of the essential amino acids. Which of the following foods contains incomplete protein?

A handful of peanuts

What results when a protein is absorbed without complete digestion?

Allergy

Needed to make certain hormones

After eating a meal, Charlie's pancreas secretes insulin that helps glucose enter his cells.

A complete (high-quality) protein contains

All nine essential amino acids

A______________________ is a modified vegetarian because they will extend their vegetarian diet to include dairy products.

Lactovegetarian

What is the name for the "hook" that provides a chemical attraction between the acid group of one amino acid and the amino group of another amino acid?

Peptide bond

What is the term for the chemical bond formed between amino acids in a protein?

Peptide bond

A______________ protein balance occurs when a person consumes more protein daily than he or she loses.

Positive

What confirms the diagnosis of celiac disease?

Positive blood test Intestinal biopsy

The estimated average requirement for protein increases during

Recovery from serious illness Pregnancy A period of rapid growth

Amino acids are the building blocks of ________________

protein

Marta is 22 years of age and weighs 132 pounds. Based on her body weight, her RDA for protein is ________ grams.

48

The adult RDA for protein is _______.

.8 g/kg of body weight

If Paola is a healthy 24-year-old female who weighs 166 pounds, approximately how many grams of protein per day should she consume to promote protein equilibrium and meet the RDA for protein for a healthy adult? (One kilogram = 2.2 pounds)

60 grams of protein per day

Ovovegetarian

Eats egg but no other animal foods

A vegan or total vegetarian eats

Only plant foods

A _____________ bond is an attraction between the acid group of one amino acid and the amino group of another amino acid.

Peptide

Peptides

Small chains of amino acids

Essential amino acid

Threonine Tryptophan Lysine Methionine

Every cell contains protein

True

The end product of protein digestion is

amino acids

Little is known about the long term safety of amino supplements

true

Rank the basic steps of protein synthesis

-DNA unwinds exposing a gene -The gene undergoes transcription, forming messenger RNA -mRNA transfers the information form the nucleus to ribosomes -the ribosomes "read" the messenger RNA -RNA molecule conveys a particular amino acid to the ribosome -At the ribosome, the amino acid attaches to the peptide chain

Carbon skeleton

Can be converted to glucose and used for energy

Evan is 28 years of age and weighs 130 kg. His RDA for protein is ________ grams.

104.0

Steps to follow when determining if a person has allergies include______________?

Skin testing Testing performed by an immunologist

Which of the following are signs and symptoms of celiac disease?

Weight loss Chronic diarrhea abdominal bloating

In the United States, newborns are routinely screened for PKU. PKU is a disease characterized by the body's inability to metabolize _______.

phenylalanine

Jacob is a healthy, active 14-year-old boy. Recently, he began to experience a growth spurt. Based on this information, his body is in ________ nitrogen balance.

positive

May is 89 years of age. Her heart is weak, so she spends most of her time lying in bed or sitting in a chair. Although she takes medication for hypertension, she has been unable to keep her blood pressure in the normal range. Her diet consists mainly of apples, leafy vegetables, gelatin, toast, butter, tea, and chocolate candy. May's lower legs and feet and swollen. Based on this information, the swelling is probably the result of a(an) ________.

starvation diet

The typical vegetarian diet supplies high amounts of ________.

vitamin C

Nonessential amino acid

-May be referred to as dispensable amino acids -The body can make these amino acids -Aspartic acid is this type of amino acid

Essential amino acid

-May be referred to as indispensable amino acids -Must be supplied by food -tryptophan is this type of amino acid

Which of the following are common signs and symptoms of food allergies?

-Scaly skin rash -Difficulty swallowing -Swollen or itchy lips

There are a total of ____ essential amino acids and eleven nonessential amino acids that the body need in order to function

9

Amino acids have a nitrogen-containing component as part of their chemical makeup. When amino acids are deaminated, the nitrogen-containing component is removed and converted into ammonia. What happens to the ammonia?

Ammonia is converted to urea and excreted in the urine.

Needed to Make Body Components

Annie cannot afford to buy protein-rich foods for her 3 year old son. His weight and height are much lower than the weight and height of an average child his age.

Low-phenylalanine food

Apple Green bean french fries regular cola

Promotes satiety

Bill notices that he is not hungry a few hours after eating a meal that contains protein rich foods.

Which of the following are ways to decrease food cots without sacrificing nutrition?

Buy in bulk compare unit costs of packaged foods Spend more time preparing food

Possible disadvantages of plant based diet include food intakes low in

Calcium Iron Vitamin B-12

Amino group:

Contains the nitrogen atom

Gluten-free

Corn Rice Processed soy

Rank the correct order for the steps of urea production and removal

Deamination results in the production of ammonia Liver converts ammonia to urea Urea is released into the blook Kidney pick up urea and eliminate it in the urine

Lactovegetarian

Eats milk and milk products but no animal flesh or eggs

Bryce is an ovovegetarian. Which of the following foods does he eat?

Egg salad

People who live in ______ often use miso to season traditional foods.

Japan

Maintains fluid balance

Louisa's diet consists primarily of toast jelly, cooked greens, bananas, tea, and coffee. She edema in her lower legs and feet.

Contributes to immune function

Melissa is a 2 year old who consumes soft drinks, fruits dry cereal and wheat bread with butter. She develops ear and skin infections frequently.

Which of the following elements are combined to make protein?

Nitrogen Carbon hydrogen oxygen

A ______________ amino acid is one that can be synthesized by a healthy body in sufficient amounts

Nonessential

The observation that people with celiac disease are healthy until they eat gluten is an example

Nutrigenetics

An allergen is a

Protein

Diets that contain low-quality____________________ can result in poor growth, slow recovery from illness, and even death

Protein

Gene expression results in

Protein synthesis

polypeptides

Proteins comprised of 2 or more amino acids

A _______________________ is a "total vegetarian" who eats only plant foods and does not use animal products for any other purposes

Vegan

The deamination process forms ________.

ammonia

The human digestive system is able to digest nutrients from

animals plants

Excess dietary protein and amino acids _______.

can be used for energy

The synthesis of a specific protein is the end product of a number of intermediate steps. Place the protein synthesis steps in the order in which they occur to create a specific protein.

-A gene transcribed, producing messenger RNA -Messenger RNA moves from the nucleus to the cytoplasm of the cell -Messenger RNA travels to the ribosomes where the mRNA code is translated to produce a specific protein. -During translation, ribosomes and tRNA link amino acids together to produce a polypeptide chain -The polypeptide chain twists and folds into the three-dimensional structure of the protein coded for by the gene.

The Daily Value (DV) for protein is 50 g. According to the Nutrition Facts panel on a package of sardines, each serving provides 32% of the Daily Value for protein. One serving of the fish supplies _____ g protein.

16

Lactoovovegetarian

Eats milk and milk products and eggs but no other animal foods

Protein is the most important nutrient class

False - All nutrient classes are equally important (Protein, carbs, lipid, vitamins, minerals and water.)

Which of the following foods is used to make miso?

Fermented soybeans

All of the following are good sources of protein except:

Fruit

Keratin

Hair, nails and skin

____________ protein diets lead to increased urine output which, in turn , poses a risk for hydration.

High

___________________ proteins are dietary proteins that are low in, or lack one or more essential amino acids

Incomplete.

An _________________amino acid cannot be synthesized by humans in sufficient amounts, or at all and must be included in the diet

Indispensable essential

Which of the following label resources can you use to determine whether a canned food has high-quality protein?

Ingredients' list

A ________________ diet is a modified vegetarian diet that includes dairy products and eggs

Lactoovovegetarian

Forms of PEM include

Marasmus Kwashiorkor

The study of how a person's genetic makeup influences they way their body reacts to food is called_____________________

Nutrigenetics

The branch of science that studies the interactions between gene functioning, dietary choices and the environment is called __________________ _____________________.

Nutritional genomics

Humans are considered :

Omnivores (an animal or person that eats food of both plant and animal origin.) Able to eat plants and animals

Cameron was born with a condition that requires him to limit eating foods that contain phenylalanine. Based on this information, Cameron has ________.

PKU

Which of the following statements is true?

Transamination is the process of removing the nitrogen group from an amino acid and transferring it to another substance.

Which of the following substances is an enzyme that participates in the digestion of proteins?

Trypsin

Celiac disease is a condition characterized by destruction of intestinal villi and poor nutrient absorption. A person with celiac disease should avoid all of the following meals EXCEPT _______.

a casserole made with quinoa, milk, and cheese

Two-month-old Deanna is not growing normally. After Deanna underwent numerous tests, her physicians determined that she was born with a condition in which fat deposits form in cells that are not designed to store fat. The fat deposits eventually kill the cells. Her older brother died as a result of the same disorder when he was 8 months of age. Based on this information, Deanna has ________.

defective DNA

Compared to a traditional diet that is based on animal foods, a vegan diet is higher in _______.

dietary fiber

Rank in order the steps involved in the digestion of protein beginning in the stomach

-Denaturation by stomach acid and partial digestion by pepsin -The pancreas secretes protein-splitting enzymes -Final digestion occurs within absorptive cells -Amino acids enter the portal vein and travel to the liver -Rectum: Very little dietary protein is excreted in feces

Nutritional genomics studies the interactions between gene functioning and

-Dietary choices -Environment

Put the processes of protein digestion in the correct order, from start to finish.

-Digested proteins move from the stomach into the small intestine. -Further digestion occurs as the pancreas secretes protein - splitting enzymes, including trypsin -final digestion occurs within absorptive cells -amino acids enter the portal vein and travel to the liver

The Daily Value for iron is 18 mg. According to the label on a box of pizza, a serving of the pizza contributes 15% of the DV for iron. Based on this information, a serving of pizza provides _____ mg iron.

2.7

Cleveland, a 24-year-old male, wants to estimate his protein needs based on the AMDR. The Food and Nutrition Board recommends that 10-35% of calories come from protein. If Cleveland follows a 2,300-kilocalorie diet, approximately how many grams of protein per day should he consume?

58-201 grams of protein per day

The Daily Value for sodium is 2300 mg. A serving of a brand-name pizza has 31% of the DV for sodium. Based on this information, the serving of the pizza provides _____ mg sodium.

713

An immunologist is a physician who specializes in the treatment and diagnosis of __________________

allergies