Nutrition

A nurse is discussing macronutrients with a client. Which statement should the nurse make?

"Macronutrients include carbs, proteins, and fats, which make up the majority of a person's diet"

What are some food sources that contains Vitamin E?

vegetable oils and certain nuts

A nurse is caring for a client who states, "I feel like I don't have to eat a varied diet when I take my multivitamin." What response should the nurse make?

"A multivitamin should not be used in place of a nutritious diet"

A nurse is caring for a client who has a new prescription for a clear liquid diet. The client asks the nurse,"How long will I have to be on this type of diet?" What response should the nurse make?

"You should not be on this diet for more than a few days"

A nurse is preparing to assist with feeding a client who is at risk for aspiration. What action should the nurse take?

Cut the client's food into small bites

A nurse is caring for a client who is prescribed a low glycemic index diet. The client states, "I don't understand what this means" Which responses should the nurse make?

"The glycemic index of its food relates to the ability to increase the blood glucose level" "You should eat foods such as whole grains, fruits, and vegetables" "Try to limit or avoid potatoes due to their high glycemic index" "Foods with a high glycemic index will cause your blood glucose to increase rapidly"

A nurse is caring for a client whose provider prescribed a heart-healthy diet. Which information should the nurse include regarding heart-healthy diets?

"You should limit saturated fats in your diet" "Eat foods with whole grains in your new diet" ""It's important to eat larger portions of fruits and vegetables" "Limiting high-calorie food intake will promote adherence to your new diet"

A nurse is caring for a client that states, "I only eat a diet high in protein and carbs." What response should the nurse make?

"A nutritious diet should include carbs, protein, fiber, and healthy fats."

A nurse is caring for a client who states,"I have been getting a lot of cavities lately, but I don't know what is causing them." Which response should the nurse make?

"Drinking sugary beverages can make you prone to cavities"

A nurse is caring for a client who has a high phosphorus level. Which instructions should the nurse provide?

"You should eat white bread"

Vitamin A

retinol, beta-carotene contributes to vision health, tissue strength and growth, and embryonic development Care when administered to pregnant clients as some forms are teratogenic to the fetus

How do you calculate net carbohydrates?

take a food's total carbs and subtract: Fiber

What does vitamin A deficiency cause?

vision changes, xerophthalmia (dryness of cornea)

A nurse is preparing to measure a nasogastric tube for insertion. The nurse recalls the client's xyphoid process should be used as the last place of measurement. Which landmark should the nurse measure before the xyphoid process?

Measure from the tip of the nose to the earlobe

Hypotonic solutions

when a solution contains a lower concentration of solute than another more concentrated solution, then it is a hypotonic solution. These solutions have lower osmolality than body fluids. • They cause the movement of water into cells by osmosis, swelling the cells like a BIG fat hippo, and therefore should be administered slowly to prevent cellular edema

Isotonic solutions

when solutions on both sides of a selectively permeable membrane have established equilibrium or are equal in concentration Human blood:very little osmosis occurs since these solutions have the same osmolality as body fluids & thus increase extracellular fluid volume.

A nurse is caring for a client who has a new prescription for parenteral nutrition. The client states, "I am scared that I will be on this therapy for the rest of my life." What response should the nurse make?

"This type of nutrition can be lifelong, but it can also be temporary depending on how your nutritional needs change."

Kwashiorkor

- protein malnutrition

Marasmus

- severe malnutrition

A nurse is helping a client calculate how many net carbohydrates they consumed in their last meal. The client's food had a total of 72g of carbs and 9g of fiber. How many net carbohydrates did the client consume?

63

A nurse is assessing a client who is experiencing digestive issues. Which findings should the nurse expect?

Nausea Abdominal pain Diarrhea Reports of bloating

Hypertonic solutions

:when a solution contains a higher concentration of solutes than another less concentrated solution These solutions have higher osmolality than body fluids They cause the movement of water outside the cells by osmosis, making the cells skinny like a hyper person.

Vitamin E

An antioxidant helps preserve lung and red blood cell membranes

Vitamin K

Assists in blood clotting and bone maintenance

Vitamin D

Assists in the absorption of calcium and phosphorous and aids in bone mineralization sunlights enables the body to synthesize this vitamin in the skin

A nurse is caring for a client who has renal disease and must limit potassium intake. Which foods should the nurse instruct the client to avoid because they are high in potassium?

Bananas Dried beans Spinach Tomatoes

Deficiency of vitamin ______ is rare, but can cause anemia, edema, and skin lesions in infants

E

What does a deficiency of vitamin K cause?

Increased bleeding times

A nurse is caring for a client who reports daily constipation. What information should the nurse provide to a client regarding fiber intake?

Increasing daily fiber intake can help alleviate the issue of constipation Eating more whole grains can promote regular bowel movements

A nurse is caring for a client who is receiving tube feedings via PEG. Which action should the nurse implement in order to help prevent the client from aspirating?

Keep the client's head elevated to at least 30 degrees for a minimum of 1 hour after a feeding

A nurse is caring for a nondiabetic client who has a new prescription for a fasting blood glucose check. The nurse checks the client's blood glucose level and it is 67 mg/dL. What action should the nurse take next?

Provide the client with a 15g carbohydrate snack

A nurse is assessing a client's hair and notes that it is brittle. What should the nurse determine about the client's nutritional intake?

The client has insufficient protein in their diet

A nurse is caring for a client who routinely eats a regular diet and is scheduled to have surgery with sedation in the morning. The nurse receives a new NPO diet for the client. What is the rationale for the provider's prescription?

The client is at risk for aspiration due to the upcoming surgery

A nurse is reviewing a client's medical record and notes that their BMI is 25.5. How should the nurse interpret this finding?

The client is overweight

What is used as an antidote for excess anticoagulants (warfarin)?

Vitamin K

What does vitamin D deficiency cause?

bone demineralization, and extreme results in Rickets.

What foods contain vitamin K?

carrots, eggs, and dark green vegetables (spinach, broccoli, asparagus)

What are food sources of vitamin A?

fatty fish, egg yolks, butter, cream, and dark yellow/orange fruits, and vegetables (carrots, yams, apricots, squash, cantaloupe)

What are some food sources of Vitamin D?

fortified milk, fatty fish and eggs.

Excess consumption of vitamin D can cause _______.

hypercalcemia.