Nutrition Ch. 1-4

Which of the following are examples of life-threatening and chronic diseases that result from a poor diet?

- Diabetes - Stroke - Heart disease

Foods are bad for you if they contain which two substances that can cause food-bourne illness?

- bacteria - viruses

which of the following factors are likely to influence a person's food choices?

- ethnic background - mood - religious beliefs

Choose the lifestyle choices that would promote health and and reduce risk of chronic disease.

- exercising regularly - consuming high intakes of vegetables and fruits

Metabolic reactions are involved in:

- generating energy - making protein - eliminating waste products

Which of these nutrients are considered organic nutrients?

- lipids - carbohydrates - vitamines

Processing treatments that can make foods safer and more convenient to eat include:

- peeling - heating

Foods are bad for you if they contain which two substances that can cause food-borne illness?

- viruses - bacteria

Which of the following are micronutrients?

- vitamins - minerals

Which two nutrients do not provide energy for the body?

- vitamins - minerals

Match the kcalorie cost for each of the nutrients in the following food. ex: 1) 10g of carbohydrate x 4 kcal/g = 2) 5g of fat x 9 kcal/g = 3) 4g of protein x 4 kcal/g =

1) 40 kcal 2) 45 kcal 3) 16 kcal

How many kilocalories are provided from a food containing 4 grams of protein?

16

A serving of food contains 20g carbohydrates, 6g protein, 10g fat, 5 mg vitamin C, and 3 oz of water. Based on this information, a serving of this food supplies ___.

20g carb x 4kcal/g = 80 6g protein x 4kcal/g = 24 10g fat x 9kcal/g = 90 = 194

According to the 2015-2020 Dietary Guidelines for Americans, healthy people should limit their sodium intake to less than ___ mg/day.

2300

According to MyPlate, Erika should consume 3 cups of milk daily. She prefers eating plain yogurt to drinking milk. How much plain yogurt can she eat to meet their plan's recommendation for milk and milk products?

3 cups

Carbohydrates provide ___ calories a gram.

4

Protein provides ___ calories per gram.

4 kcal/g

Alcohol is not considered a macronutrient but does provide ___ calories per gram.

7

A gram of fat contain ___ kcalories.

9

Which of the following statements are true? - Nutritional needs of healthy people during different life stages, such as infancy and pregnancy. - To achieve optimal health, you should individualize your diet to match your blood type, eye color, and other physical characteristics.

A) Nutritional needs of healthy people vary during different life stages, such as infancy and pregnancy.

Which of the following conditions is a leading cause of death in the U.S. that's related to dietary practices? - Cancer - Chronic lower respiratory infections. - Influenza and pneumonia - Anemia

A) cancer

Which of the following is a micronutrient - fat - iron - water - protein

B) iron

Whic of the following doesn't supply any energy for the human body? - alcohol - carbohydrate - fat - vitamin C

D) vitamin C

A nutrition scientist wants to develop a nutritionally complete formula diet for adults who are healthy but need to avoid eating solid food for awhile. Based on this information, she is likely to refer to ___ when developing the new formula.

DRIs

The amount of vitamin C that meets about 98% of the population's need for the _____ for the vitamin.

RDA

a personal characteristic that increases a person's chances of developing a disease is called ___.

a risk factor

Diet refers to a person's... - weight loss efforts - usual pattern of food choice - negative risk factors - current nutrient intake

b) usual pattern of food choice

A ___ is the smallest functional unit in a living organism.

cell

___ require the nutrients in food to perform their metabolic activities.

cell

Carbohydrates, proteins, fats, vitamins, minerals and water are all ___.

classes of nutrients

A nutrient that must be supplied by food and cannot be made in sufficient quantities by the body is called a(n) ___ nutrient.

essential

Which of the following foods is naturally a rich source of phytochemicals? - Grapes - Hamburger - Margarine - Tuna

grapes

the disease that is the leading cause of death in the US is ___ disease.

heart

Which of the following are the top two leading causes of death in the US?

heart disease and cancer

__ are needed by our body in relatively large amounts on daily basis

macronutrient

Which of the following products is a popular dietary supplement among American adults? - poppyseed extract - melatonin - aspirin - dried mango

melatonin

Which term describes a food or beverage that supplies a large amount of beneficial nutrients, such as vitamins and minerals, in relation to its energy value?

nutrient-dense

Life-sustaining chemicals found in food are called ___.

nutrients

___ is the study of how the body uses nutrients.

nutrition

Type 2 diabetes, stroke and heart disease are chronic diseases caused by ___.

poor diet

Type 2 diabetes, stroke and heart diseases are chronic diseases caused by:

poor diet

Metabolism is... - The rate at which cells produce energy. - A form of energy. - A way of living. - The total of all chemical changes that occur in cells.

the total of all chemical changes that occur in cells.

A serving of food contains 15 g carbohydrate, 3 g protein, 5 g fat, 5 mg vitamin C, and 100 ml water. Based on this information, a serving of this food supplies _____ kcal.

15g carb x 4 kcal/g = 60 3g protein x 4 kcal/g = 12 5g fat x 9 kcal/g = 45 = 117

How many kilocalories is provided by 10 grams of pure alcohol?

70 kilocalories

Fat provides ___ calories per gram.

9

Which of the following substances is a nutrient that provides energy for humans. - Fat - protein - caffeine - alcohol - vitamin D

A + B) Fat; protein

Before she shops for groceries, Terry plans several nutritionally adequate daily menus for her family. Which of the following guides is the best menu-planning tool for her to use? - Daily Values - Basic four food groups - MyPlate - Recommended Dietary Allowances

A) MyPlate

When following recipes, Candice wants to use fat that are not solid fats. Which of the following fats should she use? - safflower oil - unsalted butter - beef fat - lard

A) safflower oil

Which of the following behaviors is a risk factor for heart disease? - smoking cigarettes - being taller than average - consuming excess vitamin C - having attention deficit hyperactivity disorder

A) smoking cigarettes

Which of the following statements is true? - Walnuts are a rich source of empty calories. - A diet that has a variety contains many different kinds of nutritious food. - High doses of vitamins and minerals help prevent many serious chronic disease. - Registered dietitians generally classify foods as either "good" or "junk."

B) A diet that has variety contains many different kinds of nutritious foods.

Food guides classify ___ with oils. - hard-cooked eggs - mayonnaise - ice cream - american cheese

B) mayonnaise

One day, Donnie ate snacks that included peanut butter on crackers, a bowl of chocolate pudding made with low-fact milk, a sugar-sweetened soft drink, and a hard-cooked egg. According to MyPlate, which of these foods is a major source of empty calories in Americans' diets? - Peanut butter - Soft drink - Hard-cooked egg - Chocolate pudding

B) soft drink

A team of scientist extracts a chemical that they call "Zombia" from the leave of a common hour plant. One of the scientists would like to market Zombia as a dietary supplement because it makes people sleepy when it's injected into them. Based on this information, Zombia... - cannot be marketed as a dietary supplement because its source is widespread in nature. - can be marketed as a dietary supplement because it's from a plant. - cannot be marketed as a dietary supplement.

C) cannot be marketed as a dietary supplement.

An essential nutrient: - Is only in foods from animal sources. - has antioxidant activity in your body. - must be supplied by your diet. - is made by your body.

C) must be supplied by your diet.

Which of the following lifestyle choices is the primary cause of most preventable cancer deaths in the U.S.? - consuming too much added sugar. - eating fatty food. - smoking cigarettes. - not going outside.

C) smoking cigarettes

Which of the following menu items contain a lot of empty calories? - 100% fruit juices - whole-grain breads - sugar-sweetened soft drinks - fat-free dairy products

C) sugar-sweetened soft drinks

Which of the following statements are true? - Most Americans should consume 150% of the RDA and AI for each nutrient. - A nutrient requirement is the maximum amount that results in optimal nutritional - Scientists used the Daily Values to develop the RDAs - Nutritional standards are often used to judge the nutritional adequacy of diets

D) Nutritional standards are often used to judge the nutritional adequacy of diets.

Which of the following statements is true? - The FDA must review every health-related claim before a dietary supplement manufacturer can display the claim on a label. - The FDA has established Daily Values for non-nutrient dietary supplements. - The FDA does not permit dietary supplement manufacturers to display structure/function claims on package materials. - The FDA does not permit dietary supplement manufacturers to market their products as cures for diseases.

D) The FDA does not permit dietary supplement manufacturers to market their products as cures for diseases.

Most nutrient dense: - french fries - olive oil - grape drink - fat-free milk

D) fat-free milk

While in college, Rachel gained several pounds of body fat. She wants to use the recommendations of the 2015-2020 Dietary Guidelines for American to achieve a healthy body weight. According to these guidelines, she should: - Become more physically active - Increase her intake of a protein-rich foods - Consume fewer potassium-rich foods - Eat grapefruit and other food that increase the metabolic rate

a) Become more physically active

To establish a nutrient's RDA, nutrition scientist add ___ of the nutrient to its EAR. - an AI amount - 50 to 100 mg - a "margin of safety" amount - the % DV amount

c) a "margin of safety" amount

According to the 2015-2020 Dietary Guidelines for Americans, ___ should be consumed in amounts that are as low as possible.

cholesterol

When a nutrient is missing or deficient in the diet, a ___ disease develops.

deficiency

Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and vitamins are ___ because they have the element carbon in their chemical structures.

organic nutrients

nutrients that have carbon in their chemical structures are called ___.

organic nutrients

Empty-calorie foods are not a good source of ___ or ___.

vitamins or minerals

Which of the following nutrients is the most essential for life? - water - vitamin D - protein - calcium

water

Which of the following substances is a nutrient that doesn't provide any energy for the human body? - carbohydrate - protein - alcohol - water

water

___ is the most essential nutrient.

water

which nutrient comprises the largest percentage of the body of a healthy man or woman?

water

Scientists at a major university have isolated a chemical from grapes which of the following features is an indication that this chemical and be a vitamin? - The chemical is in grapes, cherries, and tomatoes. - The chemical has a very limited range of safe intake. - When large amounts of the chemical are consumed, no health problems occur. - When a person's diet lacks the chemical, his or her body experiences abnormal functioning.

when a person's diet lacks the chemical, his or her body experiences abnormal functioning.

Which of the following is the most nutrient-dense per serving? - oatmeal cookie - cheese nachos - soft margarine - whole-grain bread

whole-grain bread