Nutrition: Ch. 13 Trace Minerals
Microcytic Anemia
*Red blood cells are smaller than normal. *Treatment often involves supplementation with iron and vitamin C. *A deficiency of vitamin B6 or iron may cause this type of anemia.
Sickle-Cell Anemia
*Red blood cells may abnormally formed into half-moon shapes. *This type of anemia is caused by a recessive mutation that causes hemoglobin molecules to fold incorrectly.
Macrocytic Anemia
*Treatment may involve injections of vitamin B12. *A form of this anemia, called pernicious anemia, occurs when inadequate intrinsic factor is secreted into the stomach. *This may be caused by a deficiency of folate.
Adult females, aged 19 to 50, need __________ mg daily of dietary iron.
18
Which mineral enhances insulin activity?
Chromium
Which of the following is a good dietary source of copper?
Cocoa
Cocoa is a good source of what trace mineral?
Copper
Which of the following factors decreases the absorption of iron?
Excessive use of antacids
__________ acts as temporary storage for iron in the intestine.
Ferritin
Which of the following minerals acts as a protective factor in the development of dental caries?
Fluoride
__________ is found in animal foods like meat and poultry, whereas the ________ iron form is found in plant foods like grains and vegetables.
Heme iron, non heme
A disease related to a deficiency of selenium is __________.
Keshan disease- damages the heart
acts as a cofactor for a variety of enzymes, and also plays a role in synthesis of bone.
Manganese
A genetic disorder that causes an accumulation of copper in the brain and liver, causing damage to those organs is known as __________.
Wilson's disease
A rare genetic disorder that prevents the body from excreting copper and results in accumulation of copper in the body is __________.
Wilson's disease
Iron is important in the body because it is __________.
a component of hemoglobin
Selenium is involved in __________.
antioxidant activities
Minerals that exist in the body, but whose nutritional importance in humans has not yet been established, include __________.
arsenic, boron, and nickel
Which of the following lists presents the foods in order from the best to the poorest source of iron?
beef, dark meat chicken, white meat chicken
Bioavailability of trace minerals can vary because they __________.
compete with each other for absorption
Meats are the only food group with a significant amount of iron.
false
Trace minerals are found only in plant foods like fruits, vegetables, grains, and legumes.
false
Trace minerals do not interfere with the absorption of other trace minerals.
false
The best source(s) of fluoride is/are __________.
fluoridated water
_____________ is not considered essential, but it is very important for maintaining strong, healthy teeth.
fluoride
Excess fluoride can cause __________.
fluorosis
The enlargement of the thyroid gland, mostly because of iodine deficiency, is known as __________.
goiter
Which of the following is a sign of zinc deficiency?
hair loss and skin rash
The oxygen-carrying, heme-containing protein in red blood cells is __________.
hemoglobin
The main function of chromium in the body is to __________.
improve insulin's effectiveness in glucose transport and metabolism
The main function of chromium is to __________.
increase insulin effectiveness in the cells
The deficiency disease goiter was much more common before ______ was added to salt in the United States.
iodine
The mineral __________ is an essential component of the thyroid hormone thyroxine.
iodine
Individuals who have the condition of pica may also develop a(n) __________ deficiency.
iron
Microcytic anemia is associated with the deficiency of __________.
iron
Which mineral is responsible for transporting oxygen in the blood?
iron
A copper deficiency can result in __________.
iron deficiency anemia
To avoid developing macrocytic anemia (larger than normal red blood cells due to slow DNA synthesis), consume _________, good sources of ________, respectively.
leafy greens and animal products; folate and vitamin B12
A good dietary source of molybdenum is __________.
legumes
Jessi is a vegan and knows she needs to consume more iron. She does not want to take supplements, but instead get iron from natural foods. Which of the following would be the best source of iron for Jessi that does not include animal products?
lentils
A teaspoon of cinnamon is a good source of __________.
manganese
Which of the following foods are good sources of dietary iron?
meat
Which of the following foods is the best source of iron?
meat
The protein that stores zinc in the intestinal cells and regulates its bioavailability is __________.
metallothionine
Which of the following best describes the fluoride content in bottled water?
most likely insufficient
What substances bind iron and decrease its absorption?
phytates in cereal grains
Fluorosis results from __________.
results from consumption of or exposure to too much fluoride.
Which of the following is a good dietary source of iodine?
saltwater fish
The mineral best known for its role as an antioxidant is __________.
selenium
The most common dietary form of this mineral is _______________________. This mineral acts as an antioxidant and aids in thyroid function.
selenomethionine
Which of the following vegetables would be the best source of iron?
spinach
The food item with the highest amount of iodine is __________.
table salt
Recently found to be necessary in humans, ______________________ is the active form found in food. This trace mineral helps the body make use of insulin.
trivalent chromium
Trace minerals act as cofactors, and help with the function of enzymes and hormones
true
Trace minerals are stable in cooking.
true
Adding __________ to a meal that contains nonheme iron can enhance its absorption rate.
vitamin C
Which of the following products is likely to be a good dietary source of trace minerals?
whole wheat bread
Adequate _____ is important for maintaining a healthy immune system, and may aid in wound healing.
zinc
Which of the following minerals influences taste and smell perceptions?
zinc