Nutrition Ch 4

In which individual would you expect the highest muscle glycogen content?

A person on a high protein weight loss diet A person who eats a balanced diet of protein, carbohydrate and fat A sedentary person A trained athlete consuming 65% of kcals as carbohydrate*

Which food would NOT be recommended as a source of calcium to someone who is lactose intolerant?

Soy milk Tofu Fortified orange juice Ice cream*

A diet high in dietary fiber can help reduce the risk of developing:

diverticular disease.* anemia. Type 1 diabetes. lactose intolerance.

Refined grain products contain predominantly what part(s) of the kernel?

endosperm

Soluble fiber is described as "viscous" because it:

forms gels

Which of the following monosaccharides is responsible for the sweet taste of fruit?

fructose

Which of the following sequences represents a monosaccharide followed by a disaccharide followed by a polysaccharide?

fructose, sucrose, starch

sucrose

glucose + fructose a disaccharide consisting of glucose and fructose

maltose

glucose + glucose a disaccharide consisting of two glucose units

Carbohydrate loading, a training technique used by some endurance athletes, can help to increase _____________ stores.

glycogen

whole grains

grains or foods made from them that contain all the essential parts and naturally occurring nutrients of the entire grain seed (except the inedible husk)

lactose intolerance

impaired ability to digest lactose due to reduced amounts o the enzyme lactase

Lactose intolerance is caused by:

inadequate production of the enzyme lactase.

The concentration of glucose in the blood is primarily regulated by:

pancreatic hormones.

monosaccharides

single sugar units

naturally occurring sugars

sugars that are not added to a food but are present as part of its original make up

simple carbohydrates

sugars, including both single sugar units and linked pairs of sugar units

Chlrophyll

the green pigment of plants that captures energy from sunlight for use in photosynthesis

photosynthesis

the process by which green plants make carbohydrates fro carbon dioxide and water using the green pigment chlorophyll to capture the sun's energy

Which of the following statements about Type 1 diabetes is correct?

This type of disease occurs when cells are no longer sensitive to insulin. Obesity is a major risk factor for developing this disease. *The immune system destroys the pancreatic cells that produce insulin.* correct answer Type 1 is the most common type of diabetes.

fasting plasma glucose test

a blood test that measures current blood glucose in a person who has not eaten or consumed caloric beverages for at least 8 hours

insulin resistance

a condition in which a normal or high level of circulating insulin produces a less than normal response in muscle, liver, and adipose tissues

diabetes

a disease characterized by elevated blood glucose and inadequate or ineffective insulin, which impairs a person's ability to regulate blood glucose normally

glucagon

a hormone secreted by the pancreas that simulates the liver to release glucose into the blood when blood glucose concentration dips

starch

a plant polysaccharide composed of glucose units; highly digestible by human beings

hypoglycemia

an abnormally low blood glucose concentration, often accompanied by symptoms such as anxiety, rapid heartbeat, and sweating

Of the following foods, ___________ is the best dietary source of resistant starch.

chilled, cooked potatoes

One possible adverse effect of excessive fiber consumption is:

decreased absorption of calcium and iron.

A well-documented health problem associated with excess sugar intake is:

dental caries.* Type 1 diabetes. diverticular disease. constipation.

Which hormone is most important for glucose uptake by body cells?

insulin

Dietary fiber is categorized by:

its solubility in water

Complex Carbohydrates

long chains of sugar units arranged to form starch or fiber; also called polysaccharides

Digestion of most starch begins in the ________________.

mouth

Which of the following foods has the greatest cholesterol-lowering effect?

oat bran

The organ(s) which supplies enzymes required for starch digestion include(s) the:

pancreas