nutrition ch 7 smartbook questions

There are approximately 3500 kcal in ______ of fat tissue.

1 pound

In general, weight loss decreases risk for which of the following conditions?

diabetes, hypertension, cancer

Identify the components of energy output not involving basal metabolism.

digestion of nutrients, absorption of nutrients, physical activity

A method that measures the amount of heat released by a person, usually in an insulated metabolic chamber surrounded by water is called ______.

direct calorimetry

What are some changes, other than calorie restriction, a person can make to be successful at weight loss?

drink plenty of water, eating 5 servings of fruits and vegetables a day, identifying behaviors that lead to weight gain

Which of the following components of total energy expenditure is most easily altered to achieve weight management goals?

energy for physical activity

What technique could be used to determine the amount of calories a person expends each day?

equations taking into account height, weight, physical activity and age, direct calorimetry, indirect calorimetry

A well-balanced weight loss program would recommend that the rate of weight loss should ______.

evaluate the need for further weight loss after 10% weight loss is achieved, include a period of weight maintenance for a few months after 10% of body weight is lost, be slow and steady

True or false: A diet that promotes quick weight loss and limits food selections is probably a reliable diet plan.

false

True or false: During the measurement of bioelectric impedance, greater adipose stores are associated with lower resistance to electrical flow.

false

The energy input that is part of the energy balance equation includes calories from ______.

food intake

Bioelectrical impedance is based on the assumption that fat tissue has proportionately ______ electrical resistance than lean tissue.

greater

During physical activity, a lot of energy is lost as ______.

heat

The dietary approach that has been most successful in long-term studies is the primarily plant-based, ______ approach.

high-fiber

Resting metabolic rate (RMR) is ______ basal metabolic rate (BMR).

higher than

The set-point theory of weight maintenance proposes that ______.

humans have a genetically predetermined body weight or body fat content and the body closely regulates they body weight and body fat content

Engaging in mindful eating includes the conscious awareness of ______.

hunger cues, how the food was prepared, pleasant flavors, textures, and tastes of foods

For bioelectrical impedance to be accurate, ______ must be adequate in the person being accessed.

hydration

The method of estimating total body fat by weighing the individual on a standard scale and then weighing him or her submerged in water is known as ______.

hydrostatic weighing (underwater weighing)

What part of the body closely monitors and regulates body fat?

hypothalamus

Increases in lean body mass will ______ basal metabolic rate.

increase

As lean muscle mass increases as a result of physical activity, metabolic rate

increases

Which activity will increase the metabolism the most?

increasing muscle mass through strength training

Which of the following statements are true about dual energy x-ray absorptiometry?

it is considered the most accurate determination of body fat, can be used to assess bone mineral density, it measures body fat by passing a small dose of radiation through the body

The dieting mania stems from ______.

lack of appreciation for the natural variety in body shape and size, unrealistic weight expectations

If Craig desires to increase his basal metabolic rate (BMR), he can modify his

lean body mass

Individuals with a healthy BMI should ______, rather than follow a specific diet.

learn to accept one's unique body characteristics, focus on maintaining current weight, engaging in regular physical activity

Which of the following are true statements about novelty diets?

leaving out entire food groups can lead to nutrient deficiencies, they promote weight cycling

A 150-pound person with 30% body fat will weigh ______ hydrostatically (i.e., in the water) compared to a 150-pound person with 20% body fat.

less

Treatment for overweight and obesity should involve healthy, active living with acceptable diet modifications that will promote weight ______ and later, weight ______.

loss; maintenance

The "3Ms" -- motivation, movement, and monitoring foster success at weight loss _____.

maintenance

Which of the following would NOT be a valid way to measure or estimate the amount of energy used by the body each day?

measurement of food intake from the various food groups

The bomb calorimeter works by ______.

measuring the heat given off by a food as it is burned

Energy balance is thought of as energy input versus energy output. Identify the components that contribute to the "energy output" of this equation.

metabolism, digestion, physical activity

A behavioral strategy that involves becoming aware of and enjoying the entire eating experience - from the origins of the food to the effects it has on the body - is called

mindful eating

For many people who have lost weight, maintenance of weight loss is the hardest part. Select the "3 Ms" that assist efforts at weight maintenance.

motivation, movement, monitoring

Metabolic rate, fuel use, and brain chemistry are all examples of the influence of ____ on body weight.

nature

Novelty diets that exclude a food group or include only one or two foods are based on _____.

no scientific merit

The public, private, and non-profit organizations are currently working together to find a solution to the public health crisis of_________ , now considered an epidemic in the United States.

obesity

Improved sleep, reduced stress, and improved bone health are all benefits of ______.

physical activity

Which of the following are the top three contributors to the calories expended by the body each day?

physical activity, basal metabolism, thermic effect of food

Which of the following are ways that nurture, rather than nature, may promote obesity?

physical inactivity and high-fat diets

The dietary approach that has been most successful in long-term studies is the ______ approach.

primarily plant based, high-fiber

The energy required for the thermic effect of foods is due to the ____ of nutrients.

processing, absorption, digestion

Choose common characteristics of unreliable fad diets.

promote rapid weight loss, critical and skeptical of the medical community, limit food selections

Which of the following individuals is in energy balance (equilibrium)?

ray consumes 2400 kcal per day and expends 2400 kcal per day

What are social systems that may be helpful with weight control?

registered dietitians, weight loss support groups, weight control professionals, supportive family members

What contributes to basal metabolism?

respiration, the activity of the liver, brain, and kidney, heart function

When assessing a person's metabolic rate, the ______ metabolic rate is calculated if the individual has not fasted and/or not rested for 12 hours prior to the test.

resting

Foods that are high in fiber and water promote

satiety

Bioelectric impedance is used to estimate body fat content by _____.

sending a painless, low-energy electrical current through the body and measuring the resistance to the electrical flow

Drew walks past the vending machine on his way to his office. Often he is tempted to grab a snack when passing by. If Drew purposely enters his work place by a different entrance so he does not walk by the vending machines, he is applying the ______ concept of behavior modification.

stimulus control

Environmental factors that may promote obesity include

stressful work conditions, lack of safe outdoor recreation facilities, abundance of fast food establishments

The energy used for the digestion, absorption, and processing of food is called the

thermic effect of food

Which of the following contributes the least to the calories that are used each day by the body?

thermogenesis

what are the three categories of energy used by the body.

thermogenesis, basal metabolism, physical activity

True or false: For an overweight or obese person, moderate weight loss is likely to lower blood pressure, fasting blood glucose, and LDL cholesterol.

true

True or false: Poverty in the United States is associated with obesity.

true

The thermic effect of food is the calories ______.

used to digest the food you eat

All of the following are reliable treatments for obesity except ______.

using diet pills

What two measurements are needed to evaluate Body Mass Index?

weight and height

The following are "red flags" that should warn you that a diet may not be safe or effective.

weight loss testimonials from famous people, no need for exercise, required use of expensive supplements or meal replacements

Which of the following factors are used to calculate Estimated Energy Requirements for adults with the Food and Nutrition Board's formula?

weight, height, age

______ uses x-ray technology to determine body composition.

DEXA

Which is true regarding healthy body weight?

It can lead to a long and healthy life.

Choose examples of healthy social support that can make weight management easier

a RDN reminding you to record your food intake, friends praising you for you accomplishment, joining a group with similar weight loss goals

Excess fat located near the ______ increases a person's risk for obesity-related chronic disease.

abdomen

Various agencies have come together to help reverse the obesity epidemic. Recommendations from these groups include marketing programs that promote ______.

active living and healthy eating

Telltale signs of an unreliable diet include all of the following EXCEPT

adapts to individual habits and tastes

The amount and location of ______ in the body are important predictors of cardiovascular disease risk.

adipose tissue

Rank the categories of energy use from highest to lowest.

basal metabolic rate, physical activity, thermogenesis

Select the most reliable treatments for the condition of overweight or obesity.

behavior modification, decreased calorie intake, increased physical activity

Which of the following techniques estimates body fat content by measuring the resistance to an electrical current that passes through the body?

bioelectric impedance analysis

Direct calorimetry measures the amount of

body heat released by a person

A ______ is the instrument used to determine the calorie content of a food.

bomb calorimeter

For Drew, watching movies and eating popcorn go hand in hand, but he has resolved to stop eating popcorn at movies. Instead of eating popcorn, he plans to take a bag of grapes with him the next time he goes. This is an example of ______.

chain-breaking

Treatment for overweight and obesity is similar to treatment for ______.

chronic disease

What are some strategies that are helpful with controlling hunger?

consume a high-fiber snack, eat slowly, drink a glass of water before a meal

Which of the following are strategies that could help a person control hunger between meals and snacks?

consume foods high in fiber and water, eat meals and snacks more slowly, include lean protein in meals and snacks

A diet plan promoted in a fashion magazine states, "Eat all you want and lose 10 pounds in 2 weeks." This statement does NOT agree with sound weight loss recommendations, such as

control problem eating behaviors and set a goal of one pound weight loss per week

Important components of a successful long-term weight loss include ______.

controlling calorie intake, engaging in regular physical activity, modifying problem behaviors

The benefits of physical activity include ______.

decreased risk for chronic disease, reducing stress, better sleep, improved bone health

If height, weight, and physical activity level are held constant, energy requirements ______ as an adult ages.

decreases

A weight loss regimen on the internet claims that 10 minutes of physical activity each day is all you need to lose weight. A more successful plan would

-also include behavior modification strategies, such as self-monitoring of diet and exercise. -also include dietary strategies to reduce energy intake.

what are true statements concerning body weight among North American adults.

-prevention of an overweight condition in the first place is the most successful approach to maintaining a health body weight -achieving and maintaining a healthy weight lowers the risk of developing type 2 diabetes -almost 75% of adults are overweight or obese

How much does physical activity increase energy expenditure beyond basal metabolism?

15%-30%

For a successful weight loss, an individual needs to decrease calorie intake, incorporate positive behaviors that promote health, and do ______.

150 to 300 minutes or more of moderate-intensity aerobic activity each week

Approximately how many calories are in one pound of fat tissue?

3500

The ratio of body weight (in kilograms) to height (in meters)2 is the _____.

BMI (body mass index)