Nutrition Ch.3

Which federal agency monitors food and beverage labeling in the United States? The Food Label Commission United States Department of Agriculture Food and Beverage Administration Food and Drug Administration

Food and Drug Administration

Which food is often fortified with vitamins D and A? White bread Milk Pasta Orange juice

Milk

To which group do avocados, nuts, and olives belong? Oils Fruits Vegetables Dairy

Oils

Your diet is likely to be nutritionally adequate if your average daily intake for each nutrient meets the nutrient's _____ or AI value. EAR RDA UL AMDR

RDA

RDAs

Recommended Dietary Allowances

Which of the following is NOT required on the Supplement Facts label? Suggested dosage Structure-function claim Product ingredient(s) Serving size and amount

Structure-function claim

ULs

Tolerable Upper Intake Levels

Which two government agencies collaborate every five years to publish the Dietary Guidelines for Americans? (Multiple answers) Environmental Protection Agency USDA U.S. Department of Health and Human Services FDA

USDA U.S. Department of Health and Human Services

Milk is often fortified with which vitamin?

Vitamin D and A

one serving of fruit equates to:

1 cup of fruit/fruit juice or 1/2 cup of dried fruit

AMDR for fat

20-35%

Sodium intake should be limited to less than _____ per day. 5000 mg 2300 mg 1200 mg 3000 mg

2300 mg

AMDR for carbs

45-65%

AIs

Adequate Intakes

CDRRs

Chronic Disease Risk Reduction Intakes

The typical American diet of those 2 years and older does not provide enough (Multiple answers) fat-free and low-fat milk. fruits and vegetables. refined grains.

fat-free and low-fat milk. fruits and vegetables.

Analysis of government food consumption data reveals that the overall quality of the American diet is _____. improving getting worse not changing

improving

Chronic Disease Risk Reduction Intakes

nutrient intake levels that reduce chornic disease risk within a healthy population

RDA (Recommended Dietary Allowance)

nutrient intake recommendation set to meet the needs of nearly all individuals of a given age and gender

The nutrition components of the Nutrition Facts panel include (Multiple answers) trans fat. calories. total fat. protein. polyunsaturated fat.

trans fat. calories. total fat. protein.

sold fats are sources of _______ saturated fat

unhealthy

The Dietary Guidelines for Americans were designed to meet nutrient needs while reducing the risk for (Multiple answers) cardiovascular disease. lung cancer. obesity. colon cancer.

cardiovascular disease. obesity.

If a health claim appears on the label of a nutrient supplement, it must also include a detailed explanation of the health claim. list of relevant research studies documenting the health claim. disclaimer from the FDA. website for additional information.

disclaimer from the FDA.

Foods can be labeled organic if 95%, or made with organic if at least ___% of the ingredients meet organic standards.

75

AMDRs

Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Ranges

What are not considered good dairy products because they contain little to no calcium and are high in fat?

Cream cheese, cream, and butter

refined grain products often undergo:

enrichment fortification

Following the MyPlate recommendations, the 2000 kcal diet is allowed approximately ______ empty calories. 500 260 100

260 b/c 15% remaining from 2000 kcal

Kofi, a person who requires 2000-kcals/day, consumed one serving of crackers containing 11% of his Daily Value for fat of 65 grams. Approximately how many fat grams can he consume for the rest of the day and still stay below his recommended daily value? 76 grams 65 grams 89 grams 58 grams

58 grams

Foods can be labeled organic if ___%, or made with organic if at least 75% of the ingredients meet organic standards.

95

Estimated Energy Requirement (EER) factor in

Age Gender Weight Height Levels of physical activity

To prevent disease, achieve optimal health, and reduce the risk of nutrient deficiencies, nutrition experts have established the______.

Dietary Reference Intakes

5 general food groups

Grains Dairy products Protein-rich foods Fruits Vegetables

Protein, iron, zinc, B vitamins

Protein rich

How often is the Dietary Guidelines for American (DGA) updated?

every 5 years by the USDA and HHS

_____ grains provide more fiber and micronutrients than refined grains

whole

The major storage sites for vitamin D and most minerals include the______. (Multiple Answers) body fat bones liver skin stomach

liver body fat bones

Scientist record eating patterns of a group of healthy people and if this group shows no signs of a nutrient deficiency disorder, the average intake of the nutrient evaluated becomes the _____. Estimated Average Intake (EAR) Tolerable Upper Intake Level (UL) Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA) Adequate Intake (AI)

Adequate Intake (AI)

_____ are optimal nutrients levels to consume each day

DRIs

Protein, phosphorus, riboflavin

Dairy

EER

Estimated Energy Requirement

What value would you look at to determine the calorie intake a person should consume each day to maintain body weight? Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Ranges (AMDR) Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs) Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA) Estimated Energy Requirement (EER)

Estimated Energy Requirement (EER)

oils are often a good source of

fat soluble vitamins

enriched grains

have specific amounts of iron and 4 B vitamins added to them

Tolerable Upper Intake Levels (UL)

highest amount of daily nutrient intakes unlikely to cause adverse health effects

Adequate Intake (AI)

nutrient intake recommendation set when research is not sufficient to determine RDA

According to the FDA, a light or lite food has at least ______fewer kilocalories or half the fat of the reference food

one-third

Technically, all foods are _____ because they contain substances comprised of carbon bonded with hydrogen. organic natural sustainable synthetic

organic

umbrella term for various nutrient recommendations set by the Food and Nutrition Board

Dietary Reference Intakes

EARs

Estimated Average Requirements

Judy wants to find out the amount of a specific nutrient needed to sustain good health. She initially checks the RDA requirements and cannot locate that nutrient. Her next step is to______.

check AI standards

Increased sodium intake is associated with increased risk of _____.

hypertension cardiovascular disease

enrichment

replacement of some nutrients that were lost during processing

Ingredients are listed on the Nutrition Facts label in descending order by ____

weight

Which of the following is true about recommendations for a healthy diet? (Multiple answers) A diet should contain fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and low- or nonfat dairy products Replace vegetables with protein Seafood, legumes, and nuts are part of a healthy American diet

A diet should contain fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and low- or nonfat dairy products Seafood, legumes, and nuts are part of a healthy American diet

Which of the following are appropriate food intake recommendations for women who are pregnant or breastfeeding? (Multiple answers) Consume foods rich in iron or take an iron supplement. Do not eat tilefish, shark, swordfish, and king mackerel because they may contain high amounts of methylmercury. Consume 8 to 12 ounces of seafood per week from a variety of seafood types. Take protein supplements to promote strength for delivery.

Consume foods rich in iron or take an iron supplement. Do not eat tilefish, shark, swordfish, and king mackerel because they may contain high amounts of methylmercury. Consume 8 to 12 ounces of seafood per week from a variety of seafood types.

To establish the RDA for a nutrient, first scientists determine the nutrient's ___ and then add a "margin of safety" so that the RDA meets the nutrient needs of 97% to 98% of healthy individuals. UL EAR EER AI

EAR

Identify the basic goals of the Dietary Guidelines for Americans. (Multiple answers) To emphasize underconsumption of nutrients. Follow a healthy eating pattern across the lifespan. Limit calories from added sugars and saturated fats and reduce sodium intake. Focus on variety, nutrient density, and amount of food. To emphasize nutrient deficiencies, excesses, and toxicities. Shift to healthier food and beverage choices.

Follow a healthy eating pattern across the lifespan. Limit calories from added sugars and saturated fats and reduce sodium intake. Focus on variety, nutrient density, and amount of food. Shift to healthier food and beverage choices.

Phytochemicals, potassium, Vit C, folate

Fruits

why are produce frozen or canned?

to increase shelf life

AMDR for protein

10-35%

FDA would not approve health claims for foods that contain more than

13 g of fat, 4 g of saturated fat, 60 mg of cholesterol, or 480 mg of sodium per serving

Which of the following is an appropriate food intake recommendation for women who are capable of becoming pregnant? (Multiple answers) Consume 400 mcg of folic acid/day Consume iron rich food or take an iron supplement if recommended by a health care provider. Avoid all seafood due to their high methylmercury content

Consume 400 mcg of folic acid/day Consume iron rich food or take an iron supplement if recommended by a health care provider.

If you frequently eat less than the _____ for a nutrient, you may be at risk for developing the nutrient's deficiency disorder. Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA) Estimated Average Requirement (EAR) Tolerable Upper Intake Level (UL)

Estimated Average Requirement (EAR)

The ____ develops the DRIs. Secretary of State Food and Drug Administration Food and Nutrition Board US Department of Agriculture

Food and Nutrition Board

Which is true about MyPlate's recommendation for empty calories? It allows an empty calorie allowance No empty calorie allowance is allowed An empty calorie allowance of 500 kcal per day is recommended.

It allows an empty calorie allowance

Pieces of information is required on most foods sold in stores?

Product name Name and address of manufacturer Amount of product in the package Ingredients listed in descending order by weight

fortification

addition of any nutrition to a food to boost its level of nutrient

A structure/function claim describes the role a nutrient or dietary supplement has in maintaining a structure, such as bone, or promoting a normal function, such as _____. strengthening muscle digestion lowering blood pressure energy usage

digestion

solid fats include

fat, butter, stick margarine, and shortening

According to the FDA, a light or lite food has at least one-third fewer kilocalories or ___the fat of the reference food

half

According to the Nutrition Facts label, serving size is listed and calculated (Multiple answers) in grams. by volume only. by weight only. in household units.

in grams. in household units.

Plant foods in the protein foods group include _____. (Multiple answers) pasta. lentils. nuts. navy beans.

lentils. nuts. navy beans.

According to the FDA, a _____ food has at least one-third fewer kilocalories or half the fat of the reference food

light or lite

Nutrient claims on food packaging _____. are allowed for any type of nutrient. are not regulated. must follow legal definitions. are not permitted by FDA.

must follow legal definitions.

Choose the statement that best describes how health professionals and policymakers can promote healthy eating patterns for all. choose a strategy that has worked in one part of the country and duplicate it in another part of the country use multiple strategies across all segments of the population develop a strategy that will work for all segments of the population

use multiple strategies across all segments of the population

Food groups that are part of the MyPlate food guide include (Multiple answers) vegetables. grains. meats. Reason: The protein group is the MyPlate group that includes meat. fruits. oils.

vegetables. grains. fruits.

The nutrient categories that the Daily Values have been set for include (Multiple answers) water. vitamins. protein. several minerals.

vitamins. several minerals.

one serving of vegetables equates to:

1 cup of raw/cooked vegetables/vegetable juice or 2 cups of uncooked leafy greens (salad greens)

Limit added sugars to less than _____ of daily calories. 15% 10% 20% 12%

10%

Which of the following is true about organic food labeling? Can be used when foods contain at least 50% organic ingredients The ability to use the label means the food has met strict government standards Synthetic fertilizers have been used along with organic fertilizers

The ability to use the label means the food has met strict government standards

All of the following are protein rich foods that make good substitutes for meat EXCEPT: eggs nuts avocado beans

avocado

Primary macronutrients of grains

carbohydrates and protein

ultra-processed food

contains numerous ingredients, which were added to improve desirable characteristics.

Generally speaking, the typical American diet ____ comply with the USDA's dietary guidance. does not does

does not

_____foods are foods produced without the use of antibiotics, hormones, or synthetic fertilizers or pesticides.

organic

The general requirements that must be met before a health claim can be made for a food product include (Multiple answers) the food must be a good source of fiber, protein, vitamin A, calcium, or iron. a food that is a good source of saturated and trans fats but low in sodium and cholesterol. the claim may describe the relationship between the product and disease.

the food must be a good source of fiber, protein, vitamin A, calcium, or iron. the claim may describe the relationship between the product and disease.

The Supplement Facts label must include the _____. (Multiple answers) manufacturer's contact information. website for more information. serving size. %DV of each nutrient.

manufacturer's contact information. serving size. %DV of each nutrient.

A healthy diet for Americans should contain (Multiple answers) more alcohol. a dietary supplement for the B vitamins. limited amounts of refined grains, red and processed meats, less sodium, and less sugar. seafood, legumes, and nuts. low-or nonfat dairy products.

limited amounts of refined grains, red and processed meats, less sodium, and less sugar. seafood, legumes, and nuts. low-or nonfat dairy products.

The term "natural" on a food label means the food is low in calories and nutrition. the food has not undergone any food processing. the food must not contain food coloring, synthetic flavors or other unnatural substances.

the food must not contain food coloring, synthetic flavors or other unnatural substances.

Ingredients are included in the ingredient list on a Nutrition Facts label if they are organic. the food is fresh. there is more than one ingredient. they are not natural in origin.

there is more than one ingredient.

To establish an EAR, a ______ is determined, which indicates whether the level of the nutrient in the body is adequate. fluid measurement physiological marker measure of growth

physiological marker

What is the name for a substance in the body that reflects proper functioning and can be measured and is used by the Food and Nutrition Board to establish an EAR? biological value nutrient density physiological marker

physiological marker

The RDA is established by adding _____ to the EAR. 10% of the EAR 50% of the EAR 5% of the EAR a "margin of safety"

a "margin of safety"

Phytochemicals, fiber, beta-carotene, micronutrients

Vegetables

The Daily Value accomplishes which of the following on the Nutrition Facts label? (Multiple answers) It shows how a single serving compares to the daily value. It estimates how much of a nutrient is consumed in one serving. It shows how many servings are recommended for those on the 2500-kcal diet. It helps to estimate how much of a nutrient an individual is consuming.

It shows how a single serving compares to the daily value. It estimates how much of a nutrient is consumed in one serving. It helps to estimate how much of a nutrient an individual is consuming.

Whole milk contains calcium that can reduce the risk of osteoporosis. This claim cannot be made on the product package because it contains more than 450 mg of sodium per serving. the calcium is not enough to totally reduce the risk of osteoporosis. it contains more than 4 grams of saturated fat per serving. scientific evidence is not enough to establish the requirement of calcium.

it contains more than 4 grams of saturated fat per serving.