Nutrition Ch.5-9 Exam

An individual's diet may be low in energy, vitamins, and essential fatty acids if less than ____ of calories from fat are consumed.

20%

Ciara orders a fast-food salad that comes with a packet that contains 5 tablespoons of salad dressing. Approximately how much fat will the salad dressing add to Ciara's salad if she uses the entire packet?

25 g

All of the following provide about 5 grams of fat each except:

3 tablespoons of sour cream.

What percentage of calories from fat are provided by hamburger that provides 560 calories, 33 grams of fat, 44 grams of carbohydrate, and 26 grams of protein?

53%

What is the DRI for protein for an individual who is 45 years old, 6'2" tall, and weighs 210 pounds?

76 grams

Who among the following will have the highest protein DRI per unit of body weight?

A 8-year-old child

Which of the following is NOT a bodily response to regular physical activity?

A smaller volume of blood is pumped.

Which of the following statements is true regarding protein intake recommendations?

Athletes may need slightly more protein than other healthy adults.

The product label on this multivitamin supplement has the following health statement: "Emerging research suggests that an adequate daily vitamin D3 intake may play a role in supporting immune health." How should this statement be interpreted?

Because the manufacturer is not required to provide scientific evidence to the FDA, this statement may not be accurate.

Which compound emulsifies fat in the small intestine during digestion?

Bile

What happens in the digestive process if a person has their gallbladder removed?

Bile is released directly into the small intestine by the liver.

What will the body break down first to obtain amino acids when the need is urgent due to a lack of carbohydrates and fat?

Blood proteins

Which of the following foods is NOT part of a ovo-vegetarian diet?

Cheese

Fish and marine foods are known to provide health benefits if eaten regularly. Which of the following statements is a true statement to consider when weighing seafood's benefits and risks?

EPA and DHA in fish play critical roles in reducing blood clot formation.

Which of the following statements is true of essential fatty acids?

EPA and DHA tend to collect in cell membranes.

Which of the following is an effective way to increase one's HDL value?

Engage in regular exercise

Which of the following lifestyle factors is not a modifiable risk factor for heart disease?

Family history

When you are selecting the type of fish to eat, which of the following should you consider?

Grilled, baked, or broiled cod provides the most benefit to heart health.

Which of the following blood lipids lowers heart disease risk when its value is high?

HDL

Which of the following statements is true of LDL and HDL?

HDL contains a higher percentage of protein relative to lipids.

What is the main dietary factor associated with elevated blood cholesterol?

High saturated and trans fat intakes

Which of the following words on an ingredient list would alert you to the presence of trans-fatty acids in the product

Hydrogenated oil

A food producer wants to use a polyunsaturated oil to make a spreadable margarine. Which of the following processes should he use?

Hydrogenation

Which of the following is a result of a dietary protein deficiency?

Increased bowel movement

Which of the following proteins is necessary to regulate blood glucose concentration?

Insulin

Which of the following is not a function of fat in the human body?

It carries water-soluble nutrients.

Which of the following is true of a catalyst?

It is a substance that hastens the rate of a chemical reaction without permanently altering itself.

Which statements concerning cholesterol is false?

It is an essential nutrient.

Which of the following foods is a vegan source of zinc?

Kale

Which food may contain small amounts of naturally occurring trans fats?

Lean beef

Which fat compound enables egg yolks to be an emulsifier?

Lecithin

Which of the following is manufactured by the liver and is a major constituent of cell membranes?

Lecithin

You decide to make a cake using half of the fat called for in the recipe. As a result, the cake will likely be

Less tender

Which of the following are omega-6 fatty acids?

Linoleic acid and arachidonic acid

Which of the following is a characteristic of a diet that reduces heart disease risk?

Low in trans fats

What food would be good to consume with soy products to ensure adequate absorption of dietary iron?

Orange juice

Your mother is considering changing her diet to include only non-meat proteins to reduce her risk of developing heart disease or cancer. What evidence is available to support her decision?

Plant-based diets are usually lower in saturated fat and higher in fiber, reducing the risk of heart disease.

What should the nitrogen status be in a 10-year-old child who is going through a growth spurt given that he needs to build new muscle tissue?

Positive nitrogen balance

Which of the following foods provides amino acids that are most easily digested and absorbed by the body?

Poultry

According to current dietary recommendations, trans fat intake should be limited. What is the best approach for accomplishing this?

Selecting more whole foods

A pregnant woman is concerned about eating fish because of its potential contamination with mercury. What advice would you give her?

She can select fish species that provide EPA and DHA but are low in mercury content, such as salmon.

Hannah is a college athlete who likes to consume more protein than the recommended amount for her size and activity level. She says she does this to ensure her body has adequate protein stores for the occasional days when she consumes less than the recommended amount. What would you tell her?

She may gain fat from converted protein if she has excess calories in her diet.

Nylah has decided to start following a vegan diet. Her lunch consists of a tossed green salad that contains celery, tomatoes, cucumbers, and onions; whole-wheat crackers; and apple juice. What comment would you make about her complementary protein choices?

She should add garbanzo beans to her salad to obtain the protein combination she requires.

A person eating at a restaurant orders a trimmed grilled pork cutlet, tossed green salad with 2 tablespoons of Italian dressing, sweet potatoes with sugar glaze, cheese biscuits, and chocolate mousse for dessert. What assumption can be made about the fat content of this meal?

The calorie content of this meal is high because most items contain either visible or hidden fat

Which statement about fatty foods is true?

The fat in foods contributes to satiety.

Which of the following is a correct statement about gene expression?

The gene for a protein is "expressed" when a cell builds the protein.

Which of the following statements is true of fatty acids?

The more hydrogen atoms attached to carbon atoms, the more saturated a fatty acid is.

Which of the following statements is true of spreadable margarines made from polyunsaturated oils?

They have a high smoking point, so they are suitable for frying foods at high temperatures.

Which of the following is not a function of essential fatty acids?

They provide raw materials for the synthesis of trans fat in the body.

What are conditionally essential amino acids?

Those amino acids that are normally nonessential but must be supplied through the diet when the need for it exceeds the body's ability to produce it

What is the major storage form of lipids in the body?

Triglycerides

Which change in dietary intake replaces solid fats with monounsaturated fats or polyunsaturated fats?

Using hummus instead of regular margarine for spreading

In sickle-cell disease, which of the following amino acids replaces glutamic acid in hemoglobin?

Valine

Which of the following statements is true of a vegan diet?

Vegan children may not consume enough plant sources of protein to build bone and muscle tissue.

Which of the following is a fat-soluble vitamin?

Vitamin A

Which of the following is abundantly found in animal proteins?

Vitamin B12

Which fat is most susceptible to turning rancid quickest?

Walnut oil because it is primarily composed of polyunsaturated fatty acids

Which of the following food sources can vegans use to obtain the required quantity of omega-3-fatty acids in their diets?

Walnuts

Which of the following is not capable of denaturing a protein?

Water

Which of the following is a correct statement about protein intake and changes to muscle tissue?

Well-timed protein intakes can stimulate muscle protein synthesis when paired with exercise.

An overemphasis on protein-rich foods can lead to

a low intake of folate

The connection formed between the amine group end of one amino acid and the acid group end of the next amino acid is _

a peptide bond

The quality of a protein is determined by:

amino acid composition and digestibility.

Proteins prevent fluid in the body from freely flowing into the spaces between the cells by:

attracting water.

The body can make tyrosine from the amino acid phenylalanine. If the diet is lacking in phenylalanine, then tyrosine:

becomes a conditionally essential amino acid

Proteins that pick up and release excess hydrogens from the blood to maintain normal blood pH are _______

buffers

When considering the digestion and absorption of proteins, it is important to know that:

cells of the small intestine absorb different types of amino acids at separate absorption sites, which causes competition between similar amino acids at these absorption sites

The benefits of the Mediterranean diet are a result of:

centering meals around a combination of vegetables, fruits, legumes, whole grains, and seafood.

Fatty acids may differ from one another in:

chain length and degree of saturation.

Lipoproteins that are formed when lipids cluster with carrier proteins in the cells of the intestinal lining are called _

chylomicrons

The chief protein that is present in most connective tissues, including scars, ligaments, and tendons, is _

collagen

Protein catalysts that facilitate chemical reactions are ___

enzymes

Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) are:

found in seafood and fish.

In comparison to butter, safflower oil:

has a lower smoking point.

Olive oil labeled "light" indicates that the oil:

has likely been extracted chemically rather than mechanically.

Compared to meat eaters, vegetarians tend to have:

healthier body weights.

Which of the following foods is likely to have hidden fat?

icecream

Some amino acids may contain

magnesium phosphorus sulfur lead

Consumption of swordfish, king mackerel, and shark should be limited due to its ________ content.

mercury

Essential fatty acids:

must be supplied by the diet.

Which of the following foods is NOT a major contributor of healthful fatty acids?

nondairy creamers, which are high in trans fats

Linoleic acid is an example of a(n) _

omega-6 fatty acid

Proteins use the process of active transport to move substances by:

opening passages in the membrane and escorting substances into and out of the cell.

Cooking oils should be stored in tightly covered containers to prevent:

oxidation.

Replacing saturated fats and trans fats with monounsaturated and polyunsaturated oils:

reduces LDL cholesterol levels in blood while keeping the calorie intake reasonable.

The current advice on following a diet to prevent heart disease is to:

replace saturated fats with polyunsaturated fats.

Removing gluten from the diet has been shown to

resolve digestive problems in people with celiac disease.

The primary source of saturated fat in the U.S. diet is _

sandwiches

The feeling of fullness or satisfaction that people experience after meals is known as ____

satiety

Research on the benefits of fatty acids and their components has shown that:

seafood-consuming populations have a lower rate of death from heart disease.

Cholesterol is a member of the group of lipids known as

sterol

If amino acids are oversupplied, _

the body removes and excretes their amine groups

A triglyceride molecule consists of:

three fatty acids attached to a molecule of glycerol.

Jeremiah is looking for ways to incorporate more monounsaturated fats and less saturated fats when preparing his meals. One way he can do this is by:

topping his taco salad with diced avocado instead of sour cream.

The protein hemoglobin carries oxygen from the lungs to the tissues. This is an example of protein's role in:

transporting substances around the body.

The neurotransmitter serotonin is synthesized from ______.

tryptophan

All of the following are essential amino acids EXCEPT:

tyrosine.