Nutrition Chapter 1

Nutrition-related scientific findings often seem to contradict one another or are subject to conflicting interpretations because nutrition is impossible to understand. True or False

False

One well controlled experiment can "prove" or "disprove" a nutrition claim. True or False

False

Water is an energy-yielding nutrient. True or False.

False

A person who is setting goals in preparation for a behavior change is in a state called Precontemplation.

False.

Both heart disease and cancer are due to genetic causes, and diet cannot influence whether they occur. True or False

False. Heart disease and cancer are influenced by many factors with genetics and diet among them.

People most often choose foods for the nutrients they provide. True or False

False. The choice of where, as well as what, to eat is often based more on taste and social considerations than on nutrition judgments.

some are environmental contaminants that can disrupt body functions

minerals

Behavior change is a process that takes place in stages. True or False

True

Calorie control is the characteristic of a nutritious diet that ensures energy intake from food is balanced with energy expenditure. True or False

True

Carbohydrate and protein each provide only 4 calories per gram. True or False

True

Choosing sufficient variety of whole foods each day is an easy way to obtain a nutritious diet. True or False

True

Essential nutrients are nutrients that the body cannot make for itself. True or False

True

Heart disease is a cause of death that is directly related to nutrition. True or False.

True

If you have recently started limiting your sugary snack consumption after reading books on weight loss and fitness, you are in the action stage of behavior change. True or False

True

The most successful goals are set for specific behaviors, not overall outcomes. True or False

True

Three of the classes of nutrients are energy-yielding nutrients. True or False

True

When you offer diet advice to others, their stage of change can influence their reaction to your message. True or False

True

Nutrition scientists submit their findings directly to the news media so that other scientists can review the findings. True or False

False

An organic nutrient is healthier than a non-organic nutrient. True or False

False

Each year, the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services sets health and nutrition objectives for the nation. True or False

False

Drinking green tea may help calm you down when you are feeling angry because it contains __________________.

L-theanine

Contains 4 kcals per gram and is a minor fuel source

Protein

An important national food and nutrient intake survey, called What We Eat in America, is part of a. NHANES b. FDA c. USDA d. none of the above

a. NHANES

As Lisa gains weight, she's more at risk for certain diseases. Of the leading causes of death in the U.S., which four are directly related to dietary choices? a. heart disease, cancers, strokes, and diabetes b. heart disease, accidents, kidney disease, and diabetes c. heart disease, kidney disease, diabetes, and accidents d. Alzheimer's, accidents, cancers, and heart disease e. Alzheimer's, diabetes, strokes, and cancers

a. heart disease, cancers, strokes, and diabetes

Organic nutrients include all of the following except ____________. a. minerals b. fat c. carbohydrates d. protein

a. minerals

According to a national 2010 health report, a. most people's diets lacked enough fruits, vegetables, and whole grains. b. most people were sufficiently physically active. c. the number of overweight people was declining. d. the nation had fully met the previous Healthy People objectives.

a. most people's diets lacked enough fruits, vegetables, and whole grains.

Lisa is interested in learning more about nutrition and asks you where to look. What is the most credible source of nutritional information? a. scientific journals b. television documentaries c. fitness magazines d. health section of newspapers e. nutrition-themed websites

a. scientific journals

A person who wishes to meet nutrient needs while not overconsuming calories is wise to master a. the concept of nutrient density. b. the concept of carbohydrate reduction. c. the concept of nutrients per dollar. d. French cooking.

a. the concept of nutrient density

Energy-yielding nutrients include all of the following except ___________. a. vitamins b. carbohydrates c. fat d. protein

a. vitamins

not considered a nutrient although it provides energy

alcohol

You know Lisa loves data of all kinds, so you share the publication Healthy People 2020 with her. After reading it, she notes that the proportion of adults meeting physical activity guidelines is slightly over _____, but that most people's diets still lack enough _____. a. 10%; antioxidants b. 20%; vegetables c. 30%; omega-6 fats d. 40%; vegetables e. 50%; saturated fat

b. 20%; vegetables

Which of the following is an example of a processed food? a. carrots b. bread c. nuts d. watermelon

b. bread

Studies of populations in which observation is accompanied by experimental manipulation of some population members are referred to as ______________. a. case studies b. intervention studies c. laboratory studies d. epidemiological studies

b. intervention studies

A slice of a peach pie supplies 357 calories with 48 units of vitamin A; one large peach provides 42 calories and 53 units of vitamin A. This is an example of __________. a. calorie control b. nutrient density c. variety d. essential nutrients

b. nutrient density.

One suggestion for when you are feeling anxious is to eat a _________, because it contains the natural relaxant magnesium.

bowl of oatmeal with almonds

Lisa's body type and the body locations where she accumulates fat are genetically determined. Which statement about our genes is true? a. Only 10% of the human genome accounts for all our individual differences. b. Only 1% of the human genome accounts for all our individual differences. c. Only 0.1% of the human genome accounts for all our individual differences. d. Our genes are coiled molecules of nucleic acids that map our weight pre-birth. e. Our genes entirely determine our height and weight.

c. Only 0.1% of the human genome accounts for all our individual differences.

What type of research uses the National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (NHANES) a. clinical studies b. case studies c. epidemiological studies d. intervention studies e. laboratory studies

c. epidemiological studies

Some conditions, such as ___________, are almost entirely nutrition related. a. cancer b. down syndrome c. iron-deficiency anemia d. sickle-cell anemia

c. iron-deficiency anemia

One of the characteristics of a nutritious diet is that the diet provide no constituent in excess. This principle of diet planning is called ___________. a. adequacy b. balance c. moderation d. variety

c. moderation

contains 4 kcals per gram and is a major fuel source

carbohydrate

Eating a carb-protein combo, such as apple slices with peanut butter, may be effective if you are feeling _____________, because these types of snack counteract drops in blood sugar.

cranky

Lisa goes grocery shopping with a friend once a week, and wants some easy-to-remember advice on what to look for at the store. You explain that a nutritious diet is an eating pattern that follows the A, B, C, M, V principles. What are these?a. Amino acids, B-vitamins, Counting calories, Moderation, and Vegetables b. Adequacy, Balance, Colorful fruits, Meats, and Vegetables c. Appeal, Balance, Calorie restriction, Made-at-home, and Variety d. Adequacy, Balance, Calorie control, Moderation, and Variety e. Amino acids, Beans, Colorful fruits, Meats, and Variety

d. Adequacy, Balance, Calorie control, Moderation, and Variety

The nutrition objectives for the nation, as part of Healthy People 2020, a. envision a society in which all people live long, healthy lives. b. track and identify cancers as a major killer of people in the United States. c. set U.S. nutrition and weight-related goals, one decade at a time. d. a and c

d. a and c

"Red flags" that can help to identify nutrition quackery include a. enticing quick and simple answers to complex problems. b. efforts to cast suspicion on the regular food supply c. solid support and praise from users. d. all of the above

d. all of the above

Choice of diet profoundly affects human health. Only two common lifestyle habits are more influential than diet: _____ and _____. a. being inactive; smoking and other tobacco use b. drinking alcohol in excess; taking drugs c. sleep deprivation; being inactive d. smoking and other tobacco use; drinking alcohol in excess e. taking drugs; sleep deprivation

d. smoking and other tobacco use; drinking alcohol in excess

Lisa is reluctantly accepting that she may have to change her food habits and patterns. What stage of behavioral change is characterized by admitting that change may be needed? a. preparation b. action c. maintenance d. precontemplation e. contemplation

e. contemplation

If a person decides to switch from drinking fresh squeezed orange juice to calcium-enriched orange juice after a yearly checkup, what is the most likely motivation. a. weight loss b. habit c. emotional comfort d. personal preference e. nutrition and health benefits

e. nutrition and health benefits

Once a weakness is identified, what is the next step in behavior change? a. move on to other goals b. collect information about health effects of current behavior c. set overall outcomes d. track progress e. set small, achievable goals

e. set small achievable goals

While shopping, Lisa's friend recommends eating more functional foods. What's the best definition of a functional food? a. foods that are specially manufactured for use by people with medical disorders and administered on the advice of a physician b. foods that are minimally processed and considered wholesome c. foods subjected to any process, such as milling, alteration of texture, addition of additives, cooking, or others d. foods grown without synthetic pesticides or fertilizers e. whole or modified foods that contain bioactive food components believed to provide health benefits

e. whole or modified foods that contain bioactive food components believed to provide health benefits

In this nation, stringent controls make it difficult to obtain a bogus nutrition credential. true or false

false.

calorically dense, 20-35% of caloric budget

fat

Some aid in blood clotting after a cut

vitamins