Nutrition Chapter 1-3

The digestive system relies on many organs to cooperate in a regulated fashion to allow the digestion and absorption of nutrients from food. Put the digestive system organs in the proper order needed to digest and absorb nutrients from food.

1- Mouth and Salivary glands 2- Esophagus 3-Stomach 4- Liver 5-Gallbladder 6-Pancreas 7-Small intestine 8-Large intestine 9-Rectum

Dietary choices affect health outcomes. Determine which dietary choice leads to each health outcome.

Diet high in saturated fat: Heart Attack Insufficient calcium intake: Osteoporosis Excessive calorie intake: Obesity Excessive vitamin A intake during pregnancy: Birth Defects

The 2010 Dietary Guidelines for Americans recommend some improvements to the diets of Americans. Drag each dietary component to its appropriate column to indicate whether Americans should eat more or less of that food or food component

Eat More of: Fruits, Vegetables, Whole Grains, Seafood, Fat-free and Low-fat Dairy Products. Eat Less of: Saturated and Trans Fats, Sodium (salt), Cholesterol, Refined Grains, Added Sugars.

Malnutrition can occur in people old or young, rich or poor. Malnutrition is characterized by being

Either overnourished or undernourished

The scientific method is important for determining relationships between diet and health. Classify each of the following studies according to its study design

Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study: Graduate students recruit people... Case-control study: Scientists studying middle-age women... Laboratory animal experiment: Researches note that rats who are fed a high fat diet... Observation study: Operating nurses report that patients...

Which of the following does NOT stimulate the secretion of HCl in the stomach?

Secretin

Categorize each source of carbohydrate as a simple sugar or complex carbohydrate.

Simple Sugars: sucrose, glucose, fructose Complex Carbohydrate: Fiber and starch

Why is the information on a Nutrition Facts panel standardized?

So consumers can compare similar foods

Linda's mother complains that she is frequently constipated. All of the following are useful strategies for alleviating constipation EXCEPT

Take calcium or iron supplements to help alleviate constipation *Note: Calcium, iron supplements, and medications such as antacids can actually cause constipation

An unfortunate consequence of a lifetime of uncontrolled diabetes is kidney damage. Some people with diabetes and kidney damage eventually need kidney dialysis, a process in which the person is hooked up to a machine that functions as the body's kidney(s). What is the primary role of the kidneys?

The kidneys remove waste from the body.

Which of the following do NOT have a % Daily Value listed?

Trans fat

Linda has had several family members die from heart disease-related complications. She realizes she is at high risk for cardiovascular disease, and some of this risk is attributable to her genetic makeup. All of the following are genetic variations that may increase heart disease risk EXCEPT

eating a diet high in saturated and trans fat.

The molecules in a solid lump of sugar do not move

false

When chyme enters the duodenum, gastric secretion increases

false

Secretin is released from the duodenum in response to

hydrochloric acid in chyme.

What happens to the upper limit of cholesterol recommendation when you eat more calories?

it stays the same

Compared to a baked potato, French fries have

less vitamin C.

What organ produces bile?

liver

The 2010 Dietary Guidelines for Americans emphasize

lowering calorie intake.

Simple diffusion is defined as the movement of

molecules from areas of higher concentration to areas of lower concentration.

Which of the following is the correct order for the major parts of the gastrointestinal tract?

mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine

Which of the following enzymes is produced by the stomach?

pepsin

Involuntary muscle contractions which move a bolus through the gastrointestinal tract are called

peristalsis

In human metabolism, an aerobic process is one that

requires oxygen Note: Aerobic processes are those that require oxygen.

Most nutrient absorption occurs in the

small intestine

Hydrochloric acid is secreted in the

stomach

The rate of diffusion is affected by which of the following?

temperature, size of molecules, and steepness of concentration gradient

Diffusion is one of the processes whereby materials are exchanged between a cell and its environment

true

Gastrin functions to increase the production of HCl in the stomach

true

On food labels, the Daily Value for sodium is based on a limit of ______ mg of sodium per day.

2400

The established Daily Value for total fat is based on the recommendation that total fat be no more than what percent of total calories?

30%

Since beginning college, Lisa has put on about thirteen pounds. She is learning in her health science class that excess calories contribute to weight gain. One recommendation her instructor made for weight loss is to choose foods that have a low percentage of total calories coming from fat. If a 1/2-cup serving of her favorite ice cream has 310 kcal and 20 grams of fat, what percentage of total calories in the ice cream come from fat?

58% of kcal in this food are from fat. Note: 20 grams of fat X 9 kcal/g ÷ 310 total kcal = 0.58 = 58% kcal from fat

The energy content of food is expressed in kilocalories. Which definition best describes how much energy is equal to one kilocalorie?

A kilocalorie is the amount of heat energy needed to raise the temperature of 1 liter of water by 1° Celsius. Note: A kilocalorie (kcal) represents the amount of heat energy needed to raise the temperature of 1000 grams (1 liter) of water by 1° Celsius.