Nutrition: Chapter 11

What is metabolic syndrome?

A combination of characteristic factors that greatly increase a person's risk of developing CVD (also called insulin resistance syndrome)

What are three of the major risk factors for CVD?

Age, gender, and genes

What are some risk factors for hypertension?

Age, genetics, obesity, salt intake, alcohol, and dietary factors

About many cancers are influenced by diet?

An estimated 30 to 40 percent

What is LDL cholesterol made up of that triggers atherosclerosis?

Atherogenic lipoproteins

What is at the root of most forms of CVD?

Atherosclerosis

Why is heart disease so deadly?

Because it is one of the least regenerative organs in the body

How does atherosclerosis cause heart attacks or strokes?

By triggering hypertension and abnormal blood clotting

What type of cancers correlate with alcohol?

Cancers of the head and neck

What is the development of cancer called?

Carcinogenesis

What does DASH stand for?

Dietary approaches to Stop Hypertension

(book) chronic diseases have distinct causes, known risk factors. T/F?

False, chronic diseases have risk factors that show correlations with disease development but are not distinct causes

(book) atherosclerosis is simply the accumulation of lipids within the artery wall. T/F?

False, it is an accumulation of lipids within the artery wall, but it also involves a completes response of the artery to tissue damage and inflammation

(book) men suffer more often from heart attacks than women do, making CVD a man's disease. T/F?

False, men do have more heart attacks than women, but CVD kills more women than any other cause of death

(book) currently, for the best chance of consuming adequate nutrients and staying healthy, people should obtain an evaluation of their genetic profile. T/F?

False, people should eat a well-planned diet of whole foods

(book) sufficient intakes of calcium-rich foods may increase the risk of colon cancer. T/F?

False, sufficient intakes of calcium-rich foods may help to prevent colon cancer

(book) The DASH diet is designed for athletes who compete in sprinting events. T/F?

False, the DASH diet is designed for helping people with hypertension to control the disease

(Book) the national center for complementary and alternative medicine promotes laetrile therapy. T/F?

False, the NCCAM does not promote laetrile therapy

(book) hypertension is more severe and occurs earlier in life among people of European or Asian descent than among African Americans. T/F?

False, the prevalence of high blood pressure in African Americans is among the highest in the world

Where does cancer arise?

In the genes

What are some lifestyle changes to lower the risk of CVD?

Increase physical activity, healthy body weight, reduce smoking, eating a healthy diet

What are the main two kinds of diseases?

Infectious and chronic

What is the immune system's response to infection or injury?

Inflammation

What does a carcinogen do?

It damages a cell's genetic material

Do scientists believe that nutrition can help protect you from infectious diseases?

It just makes u stronger compared to malnutrition making u weak

What does blood pressure do?

It pushes the blood through the major arteries into smaller arteries and capillaries to exchange fluids between the blood and tissues

What does the DASH diet do?

Lower blood pressure, lowers total cholesterol, and reduces inflammation

Do chronic diseases occur from a straightforward cause or multiple things? If so what?

Multiple; genetic inheritance, prior or current diseases such as obesity or hypertension, and lifestyle choices

Risk factors can be due to..

Nutrition, genetic, environmental, and behavioral

Obesity's influence on cancer development depends on the ____.

Site

What are some examples of infectious diseases?

Smallpox, polio, tuberculosis

(book) complementary and alternative medicines (CAM) warrant a cautious approach; these treatments often lack evidence for safety or effectiveness. T/F?

TRUE

How does atherosclerosis normally start?

The accumulation of soft, fatty streaks along the inner walls of arteries, which expand and become hard plaque

What is atherosclerosis?

The hardening of the arteries

(book) a chronic state of inflammation can be harmful to the tissues. T/F?

True

(book) for safety, a person seeking medical help should inform their physician about use of herbs or other alternative medicines. T/F?

True

(book) for the majority of cancers, lifestyle factors and environmental exposures are the major risk factors. T/F?

True

(book) the most important step that a person can take to protect against hypertension is to be tested for it. T/F?

True

(book) when calorie intakes rise, cancer rates also increase. T/F?

True

The __ of fat in the diet, however, may influence cancer promotion or prevention.

Type

When does blood pressure rise?

When cardiac output or peripheral resistance increases

Has there been a decline in cancer deaths over the past decade?

Yes

Can sustained inflammation be bad for your body? Is so how?

Yes it can worsen a number of chronic diseases

Is your body equipped to handle tiny amounts of carcinogen?

Yes like found in the diet

What groups of people are more likely to have a weakened immune system?

Young or old people, poor, hospitalized, or malnourished

(book) smoking powerfully raises the risk for CVD in men and women in all of the following ways except a. Decreasing the heart's workload b. Making blood clots more likely c. Directly damaging the heart with toxins d. Raising the blood pressure

a. Decreasing the heart's workload

(book) an "atherogenic diet" is high in all of the following except _____. a. Fiber b. Cholesterol c. Saturated fats d. Trans fat

a. Fiber

(book) by what age do most people have well developed plaques in their arteries? a. 20 years b. 30 years c. 40 years d. 50 years

b. 30 years

(book) a healthy digestive system defends against microbes because a. Its linings are absorptive b. Its linings are heavily laced with immune tissues c. Its linings are permeable d. Its linings are warm and moist

b. Its linings are heavily laced with immune tissues

(book) all of the following are examples of how diseases might worsen malnutrition except a. Disease impairs appetite b. Disease interferes with digestion and absorption c. Disease decreases nutrient excretion d. Disease alters metabolism

c. Disease decreases nutrient excretion

(book) which of the following minerals may help to regulate blood pressure? a. Phosphorus b. Iron c. Potassium d. Zinc

c. Potassium

(book) the DASH diet is characterized by increased intakes of _____ a. Fruits and veggies b. Whole grains c. Artificial fats d. A and b

d. A and b

(book) which of the following have been associated with an increase in cancer risk? a. Alcohol intake b. High intakes of red meat c. High intakes of processed meats d. All of the above

d. All of the above

(book) which of the following is a risk factor for CVD? a. High blood HDL cholesterol b. Low blood pressure c. Low blood LDL cholesterol d. Diabetes

d. Diabetes

When calories rates are ____, cancer rates ____

reduced , fall