Nutrition Chapter 12
A(n) ________ deficiency results in a diminished amount of the growth factor needed for immune cells to multiply. A) copper B) zinc C) selenium D) iron
A
Antiserum delivers immediate protection when administered after a snake bite by providing: A) antibodies to attack the snake venom. B) a small amount of snake venom to activate specific immunity. C) neutrophils to attack the snake venom. D) undifferentiated B cells.
A
How does folate function in maintaining blood health? A) Folate is essential for synthesis of new red blood cells. B) Folate is essential for the synthesis of heme iron. C) Folate acts as a coenzyme in blood coagulation. D) Folate is essential for iron oxidation.
A
Inadequate intrinsic factor is associated with: A) pernicious anemia. B) sickle-cell anemia. C) neural tube defects. D) thalassemia.
A
Pernicious anemia is classified as a type of ________ anemia. A) macrocytic B) microcytic C) blood D) autoimmune
A
The "meat factor" is: A) a substance found in meat, fish, and poultry that enhances iron absorption. B) a substance found in meat that enhances folate absorption. C) a coenzyme involved in the metabolism of protein and fat. D) the increased need for protein by the mother during pregnancy.
A
The cell fragments found in blood that help form clots and stop bleeding are called: A) platelets. B) plasma. C) erythrocytes. D) leukocytes.
A
The oxygen-carrying protein used to transport oxygen in muscle is called: A) myoglobin. B) hemoglobin. C) iron. D) ferritin.
A
The second stage of iron deficiency, in which the body experiences a decrease in the transport of iron, is called: A) iron-deficiency erythropoiesis. B) iron-deficiency anemia. C) iron depletion. D) hemochromatosis.
A
Which disorder is associated with copper toxicity? A) Wilson's disease B) anemia C) beriberi D) rickets
A
Which form of folate is found in most supplements? A) folic acid B) folate C) five hydroxy folate D) prefolate
A
Which of the following aids in zinc absorption? A) chicken B) tomato C) spinach D) whole wheat bread
A
Which of the following is part of the innate branch of the immune system? A) stomach acid B) complement proteins C) corticosteroids D) lymphocytes
A
Which of the following is the BEST source of heme iron? A) fish B) spinach C) fortified bread D) beans
A
Which of the following nutrients is a coenzyme for glutathione peroxidase? A) selenium B) copper C) ascorbic acid D) zinc
A
Which of the following will impair iron absorption? A) low amounts of stomach acid B) low dietary intake of iron C) iron-deficiency anemia D) chronic blood loss
A
A majority of zinc is carried by ________ in the blood. A) transferrin B) albumin C) lipoproteins D) chylomicron
B
After absorption, which blood protein binds copper for transport to the liver? A) transferrin B) albumin C) globulin D) hemoglobin
B
In the United States, accidental overdose of ________ is the most common cause of poisoning deaths in children under age six. A) copper B) iron C) lead D) zinc
B
Prothrombin and factor VII are: A) hormones that regulate the pH of the blood. B) proteins that are involved in the coagulation of blood. C) cofactors of energy metabolism. D) transport proteins that aid in the absorption of iron.
B
Stage I of iron deficiency is also called: A) iron-deficiency erythropoiesis. B) iron depletion. C) iron-deficiency anemia. D) microcytic anemia.
B
The majority of the body's iron is found in: A) ferritin. B) hemoglobin. C) ferroportin. D) transferrin.
B
The oxygen-carrying protein found in our red blood cells is called: A) myoglobin. B) hemoglobin. C) iron. D) hemosiderin.
B
To reduce the chances of having a baby with neural tube defects, all women of child bearing potential should ensure they have an adequate intake of which vitamin? A) niacin B) folate C) ascorbic acid D) cyanocobalamin
B
Vitamin B12 is also called: A) ascorbic acid. B) cyanocobalamin. C) folate. D) pyradoxal.
B
Vitamin B12 plays a role in the formation of red blood cells as a component of coenzymes that: A) synthesize heme. B) assist with DNA synthesis. C) assist in the coagulation of blood. D) assist in iron oxidation.
B
Vitamins C and E protect the cell membrane from damage by: A) natural killer cells. B) reactive oxygen species molecules. C) erythrocytes. D) cytotoxic T cells.
B
Which iron transporter helps regulate intestinal iron absorption and release? A) hephaestin B) ferroportin C) platelets D) ferritin
B
Which nutrient deficiency causes viruses to multiply over a longer period of time and to mutate into more pathogenic strains? A) zinc B) selenium C) iron D) copper
B
Which nutrient requires intrinsic factor for absorption? A) ascorbic acid B) cyanocobalamin C) zinc D) potassium
B
Which of the following cells are key to our immune function? A) erythrocytes B) leukocytes C) osteoclasts D) osteocytes
B
Which of the following individuals is MOST likely to have a copper deficiency? A) an adult vegan B) premature infant fed milk-based formula C) adolescent female gymnast D) adolescent male long-distance runner
B
Which of the following is a positively-charged trace mineral? A) calcium B) zinc C) sodium D) chloride
B
Which of the following nutrients is crucial in maintaining blood health? A) thiamin B) folate C) phosphorus D) calcium
B
Which type of white blood cell can become either a memory cell or a plasma cell to be used in a specific immune response? A) T cell B) B cell C) natural killer cell D) erythrocyte
B
Which type of white blood cells fight infection by killing body cells that contain viruses or other harmful non-self substances? A) erythrocytes B) cytotoxic T cells C) B cells D) antigens
B
Who is MOST likely to be vitamin B12 deficient? A) an ovo-lacto vegetarian B) a vegan C) an adult female who eats chicken and tuna D) an adult male who eats hamburgers
B
A sign of a copper deficiency is a lack of ________ circulating in the blood. A) erythrocytes B) leukocytes C) neutrophils D) transferrin
C
Approximately what is the highest rate of absorption of dietary zinc? A) 5% B) 10% C) 35% D) 80%
C
Copper is absorbed from the: A) mouth. B) stomach. C) small intestine. D) large intestine.
C
During the fourth and final stage of folate deficiency, the body can experience: A) pernicious anemia. B) iron-deficiency anemia. C) macrocytic anemia. D) microcytic anemia.
C
Folate deficiency during pregnancy is associated with: A) Down's syndrome. B) gestational diabetes. C) neural tube defects. D) pellagra.
C
How does excessive vitamin A intake affect the immune system? A) enhances immune response B) has no effect on the immune system C) suppresses immune response D) inhibits enzyme synthesis
C
How does protein-energy malnutrition affect the immune system? A) suppresses nonspecific immune responses B) has no effect on the immune system C) diminishes immune response to antigens D) enhances specific immune responses
C
Stage II folate deficiency is called: A) folate-deficiency erythropoiesis. B) folate-deficiency anemia. C) folate depletion. D) negative folate balance.
C
The copper-containing protein found in the blood that oxidizes iron for transport is: A) ferritin. B) transferrin. C) ceruloplasmin. D) ferric copper.
C
The most common mineral deficiency worldwide is: A) calcium. B) vitamin B12. C) iron. D) folate.
C
The small red blood cells that characterize microcytic anemia cannot transport adequate oxygen or allow for enough: A) enzymes to be produced. B) production of growth hormones. C) transfer of electrons to produce energy. D) plasma to be produced.
C
The two storage forms of iron are ferritin and: A) ceruloplasmin. B) transferrin. C) hemosiderin. D) hephaestin.
C
Vitamin B6 is essential for the synthesis of: A) T cells. B) memory cells. C) heme iron. D) non-heme iron.
C
Which of the following individuals would be MOST at risk for a vitamin K deficiency? A) a 55-year-old menopausal woman B) a 16-year-old who drinks 4-5 cans of soda each day C) a 30-year-old with Crohn's disease D) a 6-year-old who doesn't eat any vegetables
C
Antigen-sensitized cells that remain in circulation for long periods of time are called: A) platelets. B) erythrocytes. C) leukocytes. D) memory cells.
D
Consumption of high levels of folate supplements can mask a(n) ________ deficiency. A) niacin B) vitamin B6 C) iron D) vitamin B12
D
During stage II of folate deficiency, the lack of folate results in: A) low levels of methionine. B) copper toxicity. C) iron deficiency. D) high levels of homocysteine.
D
Excessive amounts of which trace mineral can act as a potent oxidant that damages the membranes of immune cells? A) selenium B) calcium C) zinc D) iron
D
Insufficient intake of iron will FIRST affect the body's ________ levels. A) hemoglobin B) hephaestin C) transferrin D) ferritin
D
Iron absorption is enhanced by: A) polyphenols. B) fiber. C) phytates. D) vitamin C.
D
Red blood cells are also called: A) platelets. B) leukocytes. C) enterocytes. D) erythrocytes.
D
The cells of the specific immune system attack which of the following targets? A) plasma B) macrophages C) antibodies D) antigens
D
The primary sources of folate in the American diet are: A) milk and dairy products. B) fresh fruits and vegetables. C) meat, fish, and poultry. D) enriched ready-to-eat cereals and bread products.
D
Vaccinations help the body develop immunity to a disease by providing: A) a flood of the specific microbe to cause the disease. B) cytotoxic T cells to attack the microbes. C) helper T cells to activate other immune cells. D) a small amount of antigen of a specific microbe to activate the specific immune response.
D
Which component of blood is fluid and necessary for maintaining adequate blood volume? A) erythrocyte B) leukocyte C) platelet D) plasma
D
Which of the following is part of the innate immune system? A) T cells B) B cells C) plasma cells D) natural killer cells
D
Zinc is a structural component of the DNA-binding proteins that help regulate gene expression. These proteins are known as: A) zinc blocks. B) zinc enzymes. C) zinc coenzymes. D) zinc fingers.
D