Nutrition Chapter 3

Carbohydrates can be stored in large quantities in the muscle and liver cells. a. True b. False

FALSE

The digestive system comprises of only a few major organs in the body, such as the stomach and small intestines. a. True b. False

FALSE

The ___________ system carries waste away from the cells of the body, and the __________ system ensures that the fluid in the body circulates through all of the tissues of the body.

Lymphatic Cardiovascular

_______ allow materials to be exchanged between the blood and tissues, ________ carry blood towards the heart, and ________ carry blood away from the heart. a. Capillaries; veins; arteries b. Veins; capillaries; arteries c. Arteries; veins; capillaries d. Capillaries; arteries; veins e. Arteries; capillaries; veins

a. Capillaries; veins; arteries

What is the role of blood and lymph? a. Deliver needed materials to all the body's cells and carry waste materials away. b. Provide a site for nutrient absorption. c. Defend the body against microbes or foreign materials that have penetrated the skin or body linings. d. Destroy toxins or store them to keep them out of the circulatory system.

a. Deliver needed materials to all the body's cells and carry waste materials away.

Which statement about the digestive system is true? a. The digestive system feeds the rest of the body and is itself sensitive to malnutrition. b. A healthy digestive system should be free of all bacteria. c. In order to have a healthy digestive system, it is essential that a very specific diet be followed. d. The digestive system frequently struggles to break down large nutrients to their smaller building blocks.

a. The digestive system feeds the rest of the body and is itself sensitive to malnutrition.

Your friend Annette complains of chronic heartburn. Which suggestion might be helpful to her? a. Wear reasonably loose clothing and relax after eating. b. Completely avoid coffee, chocolate, soft drinks, and alcohol. c. Lie down after eating. d. Eat two large meals a day rather than several small meals. e. Drink liquids during meals.

a. Wear reasonably loose clothing and relax after eating.

The smallest units in which independent life can exist are ___________. a. cells b. mitochondria c. organs d. tissues e. genes

a. cells

The nervous system and hormonal system do all of the following EXCEPT: a. permit transfer of materials between blood and tissues. b. govern the act of eating and regulate digestion. c. respond to the need for food. d. regulate body processes.

a. permit transfer of materials between blood and tissues.

What is the primary function of the pyloric valve? a. to control the flow of chyme into the small intestine b. opens to allow elimination of waste from the colon c. regulates the release of gas from the colon d. opens to allow oxygenated blood to flow through the heart e. to regulate the movement of food into the stomach

a. to control the flow of chyme into the small intestine

Within about 24 to 48 hours of eating, a healthy body digests and absorbs about ________ percent of the energy nutrients in a meal. a. 50 b. 90 c. 65 d. 45 e. 75

b. 90

Where does the body store limited amounts of carbohydrate as glycogen? a. Muscle cells b. Muscle and liver cells c. Stomach cells d. Liver cells

b. Muscle and liver cells

Which statement best defines peristalsis? a. Peristalsis breaks molecules into smaller molecules. b. Peristalsis moves the digestive tract contents through the esophagus, stomach, and small intestine. c. Peristalsis takes nutrients into cells after digestion. d. Peristalsis is the process by which an alkaline chemical is secreted by the pancreas.

b. Peristalsis moves the digestive tract contents through the esophagus, stomach, and small intestine.

What role do organs play in the body? a. They carry blood containing fresh oxygen from the heart to tissues. b. They work together in body systems. c. They transport materials to and from cells. d. They specialize in the storage of fat and form fat tissue.

b. They work together in body systems.

Genes direct the making of each cell's protein machinery, including __________ that perform cellular work by speeding up chemical reactions. a. antigens b. enzymes c. hormones d. neurotransmitters e. antibodies

b. enzymes

Body tissues store excess energy in two forms. Which of the following is one of these forms of excess energy storage? a. urine b. glycogen c. fiber d. muscle e. liver

b. glycogen

To signal hunger, the physiological need for food, the digestive tract sends messages to the ________ by way of hormones and nerves. a. pituitary gland b. hypothalamus c. spinal cord d. pancreas e. brain's cortex

b. hypothalamus

Which organ gets rid of waste by producing urine in the nephrons? a. pancreas b. kidney c. small intestine d. gallbladder e. liver

b. kidney

Which of the following is recommended for curing a hangover? a. breathing pure oxygen b. waiting for time to pass c. drinking more alcohol d. exercising e. drinking coffee

b. waiting for time to pass

What may help alleviate the symptoms of Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS)? a. Exercise b. Antibiotics c. Exercise, antibiotics, and antispasmodic drugs d. Antispasmodic drugs

c. Exercise, antibiotics, and antispasmodic drugs

Which statement most accurately reflects the professional perspective on the benefits of drinking wine? a. Wine consumption is associated with reduced mortality in all age groups. b. There are proven long-term benefits associated with heart health. c. Far greater benefits come from engaging in regular physical activity and maintaining a healthy body weight. d. Wine is the best source of phytochemicals.

c. Far greater benefits come from engaging in regular physical activity and maintaining a healthy body weight.

Which statement about fat is true? a. It should be consumed at intervals throughout the day because it is not easily stored. b. It is regulated by nephrons. c. It is not a required part of every meal since it is stored abundantly. d. It is a form of carbohydrate.

c. It is not a required part of every meal since it is stored abundantly.

Your friend Cindy complains to you that she has been constipated lately. Which suggestion would be LEAST beneficial for her long-term health? a. Take time to defecate even when you are busy. b. Drink plenty of fluids. c. Take a laxative. d. Eat foods that provide adequate fiber. e. Exercise regularly.

c. Take a laxative.

Proteins do the work of living cells. What must we inherit from our parents to synthesize the proteins we need? a. hormones b. tissue c. genetic information d. cell types e. blood type

c. genetic information

What do the body's cells need to remain healthy and do their work? a. Energy b. Oxygen c. Nutrients d. All of these

d. All of these

Which digestive organs release digestive juices that perform the complex chemical process of digestion? a. Salivary glands b. Stomach c. Pancreas d. All of these

d. All of these

Which of the following statements is FALSE about hormones and nutrition? a. Hormones help regulate hunger and appetite. b. Hormones can regulate blood glucose levels c. Hormones help regulate the body's reaction to stress. d. Hormones can inform the digestive system about the degree of body fatness. e. Hormones carry messages to regulate the digestive system in response to meals or fasting.

d. Hormones can inform the digestive system about the degree of body fatness.

Which outcome will NOT be a result of the stress response? a. Muscles tense. b. Glucose is readily available. c. Breathing quickens. d. Pupils narrow. e. Blood pressure rises.

d. Pupils narrow.

Which of the following is NOT associated with moderate drinking? a. Drinking slowly and casually b. Remaining peaceful, calm, and unchanged by drinking c. Eating food while drinking or beforehand d. Using alcohol when facing problems or decisions

d. Using alcohol when facing problems or decisions

hich of the following choices correctly ranks fluids in order from the most acidic (lowest pH) to the least acidic (highest pH)? a. gastric juice > urine > coffee > vinegar b. pancreatic juice > battery acid > gastric juice > urine c. ammonia > saliva > healthy blood > stomach acid d. gastric juice > coffee > saliva > pancreatic juice e. gastric juice > pancreatic juice > ammonia > healthy blood

d. gastric juice > coffee > saliva > pancreatic juice

Which organ releases insulin when it detects a high concentration of the blood's sugar, glucose? a. liver b. hypothalamus c. kidneys d. pancreas e. gallbladder

d. pancreas

Where does most of the body's nutrient absorption take place? a. large intestine (colon) b. rectum c. mouth d. small intestine e. stomach

d. small intestine

The ________ system's first major task is to break down food to its components. Then, it must _________ the nutrients and some non-nutrients, leaving behind the substances that are appropriate to excrete. To do this, the system works at two levels, one mechanical and the other __________

digestive absorb chemical

What should be consumed at intervals throughout the day because it can be depleted from its storage? a. Fats b. Sodium c. Vitamin C d. Proteins e. Carbohydrates

e. Carbohydrates

All of these are examples of the importance of hormones for nutrition EXCEPT ________. a. helping regulate the digestive system b. signaling to the brain about body fatness c. helping regulate satiety and hunger d. signaling to the body during times of stress, which influences hunger e. None; All of these are correct.

e. None; All of these are correct.

Lymph vessels in the intestine absorb most of the _________ present in a meal to then distribute them to the bloodstream. a. carbohydrates b. vitamins c. proteins d. minerals

e. fats

The liver converts excess energy-containing nutrients into which two storage forms? a. starch and fat b. starch and glucose c. glycogen and bone d. protein and fat e. glycogen and fat

e. glycogen and fat

After a calorically dense meal when the stomach is too full, the acidic juices can travel back up the esophagus and cause __________. a. choking b. hiccups c. diarrhea d. ulcers e. heartburn

e. heartburn

What organs are responsible for excreting wastes generated by the cells of the body? a. liver, bladder, stomach, and colon b. kidneys, bladder, and colon c. kidneys, liver, lungs, and stomach d. mouth, liver, and lungs e. kidneys, liver, lungs, and bladder

e. kidneys, liver, lungs, and bladder

All blood leaving the digestive system is routed directly to the ________. a. lymph b. kidneys c. colon d. heart e. liver

e. liver

Intestinal bacteria may affect health and body functions. What is a collection of the bacteria, fungi, and viruses, also known as microbes, within the digestive tract? a. intestinal health b. intestinal flora c. digestive waste d. microbiome e. microbiota

e. microbiota

Bicarbonate is responsible for ________. a. acidifying the contents of the stomach to break protein-protein bonds b. emulsifying lipids in the colon c. assisting in the absorption of vitamins d. digesting lipids in the small intestine e. neutralizing the stomach acid that has reached the small intestine

e. neutralizing the stomach acid that has reached the small intestine

Insulin is secreted when there is too much glucose in the blood. Which organ detects blood glucose levels? a. stomach b. liver c. large intestine d. small intestine e. pancreas

e. pancreas

Nutrient deficiencies are an inevitable consequence of alcohol abuse because alcohol displaces _______ and interferes directly with the body's use of _______ by disrupting nutrient ________ in every tissue. Alcohol may also burden the body with unwanted body _________ , due to the increase in caloric consumption which often results in increased ____________ weight, a beer belly. Excess alcohol causes dehydration, resulting in a _________ the next day.

food nutrients metabolism fat abdominal hangover

________ direct the making of each cell's protein machinery, including enzymes.

genes

Most nutrients are absorbed into the bloodstream via the _________ and then directed to the liver, which rids the blood of toxins. This nutrient-rich blood goes to the heart, through the lungs, and then back through the __________ out to the body cells. _________ carry blood away from the heart to the cells, and ____________ carry blood back to the heart.

intestine heart Arteries Veins

The _______ adjust(s) the blood's composition in response to the body's needs, disposing of everyday wastes and helping remove toxins?

kidneys

_______ help(s) increase absorption in the intestines.

microvilli

Churning, mixing, and grinding of food into a liquid mass is completed in the ________ . The ______ releases bicarbonate to neutralize stomach acid. The ____________ is lined with cells that absorb nutrients into the blood and lymph. Bile is produced in the ___________ to help emulsify fats for better absorption of lipids. Waste (any unabsorbed nutrients, fiber, bacteria) and some water absorption occurs in the _________

small intestine stomach Pancreas liver Large Intestine

The small intestine is lined with thousands of folds covered with ___________ , which make the surface area for absorbing nutrients much greater.

villi