Nutrition Chapter 6 Fats Cengage

Stress induced by exercise stimulates the release of hormones, including epinephrine, which results in ________.

lipolysis of triglycerides to release glycerol and free fatty acids

This is an enzyme responsible for removing triglycerides from the blood stream and placing them in fat storage.

lipoprotein lipase

Saturated fats have a ____ potential for spoiling when exposed to oxygen or heated and unsaturated fats have a ____ potential for spoiling when exposed to oxygen or heated due to their chemical structure.

low; high

omega-6

main food sources include vegetable an safflower oil

The ability to oxidize fat during physical activity would be of most value to a ____.

marathon runner

Monounsaturated fat

olive oil

Lipids that are manufactured by the body and can act as emulsifiers in food

phospholipids

Lipids synthesized in the liver and used to make several important hormones

sterols

Caffeine at levels that are equivalent to ________ cups of strong coffee consumed within 2 to 3 hours of competition has been banned by several sports-governing bodies, including the NCAA.

6-8

___ results in the formation of ___ fatty acids

Hydrogenation; trans

___ is needed for fat digestion in the small intestine, whereas ___ stimulates the release of fatty acids to be absorbed by fat and muscle cells.

Pancreatic lipase; lipoprotein lipase

How many portions of fatty fish per week are needed to meet omega-3 requirements? a.One b.Two c.Four d.Seven

a. One

In general, Americans consume too much fat, which can be detrimental to athletic performance. All of the following are ways to reduce fat intake EXCEPT ______. a. adding butter to a baked potato b. grilling rather than frying chicken c. reading nutrition facts for restaurant items to be aware of hidden fat sources d. choosing low-fat or nonfat dairy products

a. adding butter to a baked potato

Which of the following are essential fatty acids? a. linoleic and alpha-linolenic b. saturated and unsaturated c. oleic and palmitic d. cis and trans

a. linoleic and alpha-linolenic

A low-carbohydrate diet is NOT recommended for a healthy endurance athlete because it could result in ____.

a. low glycogen stores, which would impair training and performance

All of the following have hidden saturated fat EXCEPT ___________. a. peanuts b. trail mix c. Wheat Thins d. Fritos

a. peanuts

The body can use fat to produce ATP by converting fatty acids to ____, which can then proceed through ____.

acetyl CoA; the Krebs cycle

All of the following are potential negative effects of chronic inadequate fat intake and energy restriction EXCEPT ________. a. inadequate replenishment of intramuscular fat stores b. inadequate hydration replacement c. inability to manufacture sex-related hormones d. inadequate fat-soluble vitamin intakes

b. inadequate hydration replacement

Because fat molecules do NOT mix easily with water, ___ is needed before they can cross the membranes of intestinal cells.

bile

Saturated fat

butter

Which food item is one of the best sources of omega-3 fat?a.Cod b.Tuna c.Salmon d.Haddock

c. Salmon

The respiratory exchange ratio (RER) is the ratio of ____ and is lower for ____ metabolism.

carbon dioxide produced to the oxygen consumed; fat

Caffeine has several possible ergogenic effects on the body; however, its practical effect on performance is probably due to an increase in _____.

central nervous system stimulation

Polyunsaturated fat

corn oil

Omega-3 fat protects against which chronic disease?a.Diabetes b.Kidney c.Liver d.Heart

d. Heart

Essential fatty acids: a. Have minimal impact on human health b. Are synthesized in the small intestine c. Are fully hydrogenated fatty acids d. Help to regulate inflammatory processes

d. Help to regulate inflammatory processes

While genetics have been found to play a role in a person's susceptibility to develop obesity, lifestyle factors such as diet, stress management, and physical activity have been shown to play a role in the development of obesity. These factors are known as ____ factors

epigenetic

A chylomicron contains diet-derived triglycerides and is absorbed directly into the bloodstream from the small intestine.

false

Both caffeine and carnitine supplementation have been shown to be effective for improving endurance performance and high-intensity activities lasting up to 20 minutes.

false

Ketone bodies can be produced as a result of fat metabolism, and an overreliance on fat metabolism can result in ketosis, which has been shown to be beneficial for optimal athletic performance.

false

Omega-3 fatty acid supplements have been shown to reduce inflammation in athletes.

false

Saturated fatty acids contain one or more double bonds between carbons, reducing the number of hydrogen atoms that can be bound to the structure.

false

The daily recommendation of fat is independent of the other macronutrients and total energy.

false

The percentage of energy derived from fat metabolism increases as activity and exercise intensity increases.

false

_____ is produced in the stomach and promotes appetite and weight gain. Levels generally increase before a meal and decrease after a meal.

ghrelin

One potential negative effective on long-term, extreme dietary fat reduction is _____.

inadequate replenishment of intramuscular fat

omega-3

known as alpha-linolenic acid

omega-3

known to exert strong inflammatory properties in the human body

When body fat increases, the hormone ____ increases suppresses appetite.

leptin

Lipids that comprise about 95% of the fat you eat

triglycerides

B-oxidation is the process of cleaving a fatty acid into two carbon segments and converting them to acetyl-CoA.

true

Caffeine may increase the mobilization of fatty acids during exercise, but it does NOT appear to improve performance due to increased fat metabolism.

true

During prolonged steady-state exercise (as with marathon running), there is a reduced reliance on carbohydrate and an increased dependence on fat oxidation for energy.

true

If done correctly, a reduction in dietary fat intake can be a strategy that results in the safe loss of body fat.

true

Olives, sesame seeds, and flax seeds all contain fat.

true

The triglycerides found in food contain a combination of saturated, monounsaturated, and polyunsaturated fatty acids.

true

The typical American diet is usually too high in fat for an athlete in training.

true

Triglycerides must be broken down into smaller components for absorption; after they are absorbed, they are resynthesized back into triglycerides to be transported around the body.

true