Nutrition Chapter 6

Amino acids that cannot be made by the adult human body are termed: A. essential. B. incomplete. C. hydrolyzable. D. complete.

A

Hemoglobin is an example of: A. a transport protein. B. a defense protein. C. an enzyme. D. an immune protein (antibody)

A

If the shape of a protein is altered due to a genetic mutation, the _______________ of the protein may be affected. A. nutritional value B. functionality C. texture D. taste

A

Protein complementation is most important for people who are: A. vegan vegetarians. B. lacto-ovo vegetarians. C. consumers of both plant and animal foods. D. recovering from surgery.

A

To estimate protein requirements, you must know a person's: A. body weight. B. urinary ammonia output. C. height. D. all of these would be required.

A

Which nutrient(s) found in animal protein foods is not found in plant protein foods? A. Saturated fat B. B vitamins C. Phytochemicals D. None of these nutrients are found in plant protein foods

A

Which of the following functions is performed by proteins in the body? A. Transport. B. Structure. C. Immunity. D. All of these functions are performed by proteins.

A

A complete dietary protein: A. has been hydrolyzed so that digestion is not necessary. B.provides essential amino acids in the proportion needed to support protein synthesis. C. contains the element sulfur. D. has a low biological value.

B

Food allergies can result when a protein in the diet: A.provides amino acids that are not normally found in the human body. B. is absorbed without being completely digested. C. is filtered out of the blood and into the urine. D. is not absorbed and is eliminated in the feces.

B

Food allergies involve an interaction between a dietary protein and: A. the excretory system. B. the immune system. C. DNA. D. RNA.

B

In the us, most dietary protein comes from A. beans. B. animal sources. C. vegetables. D. nuts.

B

All of the following components are always associated with an amino acid EXCEPT: A. an amino group. B. an acid group. C. a phosphate group. D. a side chain (functional group).

C

Kwashiorkor is best characterized by: A. increased susceptibility to food allergies in adults. B.the inability to digest proteins from soy and other plant proteins. C. severe protein deficiency in young children. D. misshapen (sickle-shaped) red blood cells.

C

The three-dimensional shape of a protein is determined by the: A. the number of peptide bonds present in the polypeptide chain. B. carbon to nitrogen ratio in the polypeptide chain. C. sequence of amino acids in the polypeptide chain. D.ratio of nonessential to essential amino acids present in the polypeptide chain.

C

Which of the following is a physical characteristic associated with Kwashiorkor? A. Tall stature B. Hypertrophic (enlarged) leg muscles C. Bloated abdomen D. Excess sweating

C

Which statement about amino acid absorption is FALSE? A. Groups of similar amino acids share the same transport system. B.Dipeptides and tripeptides are broken down to individual amino acids before leaving the mucosal cells of the small intestine. C.Absorption of larger polypeptides occurs commonly in healthy adults. D.If one amino acid is supplemented, it can slow the abs

C

Which statement about dietary protein sources is FALSE? A.Plant sources of protein are typically rich in fiber and phytochemicals. B.Animal products are the most highly concentrated sources of protein. C.Most people in the U.S. need protein supplements to meet dietary requirements. D.Legumes provide about as much protein per ½ cup serving as a cup of milk.

C

limiting amino acid: A. does not supply the element nitrogen. B.is used to synthesize non-protein molecules that contain nitrogen. C. is present in short supply relative to the body's need. D. cannot be used by the body during protein synthesis.

C

A(n) ____________ bond links one amino acid to the next. A. glycosidic B. disulfide C. ionic D. peptide

D

An antibody: A. helps circulate lipids in the blood. B. catalyzes chemical reactions in the body. C. regulates the acid-base balance (pH) in the body. D.is a type of protein that helps protect the body from foreign substances.

D

Complete protein sources can be found in which MyPyramid food group? A. Grains B. Fats and oils C. Fruits and vegetables D. Dairy

D

Obtaining protein from plant foods may be advantageous because plant foods: A. are typically good sources of fiber. B. may contain healthy poly- and mono- unsaturated fats. C. may lower blood cholesterol when consumed regularly. D. all of these statements are correct.

D

Protein differs from carbohydrate and lipid in that protein: A. does not provide the body with a source of energy. B. is classified as an inorganic molecule. C. is not considered to be an essential nutrient. D. contains the element nitrogen.

D

Protein-energy malnutrition is characterized by: A. excessive urinary output. B. increased susceptibility to food allergies. C. hyperglycemia. D. wasting and increased susceptibility to infection

D

Proteins regulate which of the following body processes? A. Acid-base balance B. Fluid balance C. Muscle contraction D. All of these are correct

D

The specific sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide chain is determined by A. the types of food proteins that a person consumes. B.random interactions between free amino acids in the cytoplasm of cells. C. GI tract peptidases. D. DNA found in the nucleus of cells.

D

The waste product resulting from the deamination of a protein is: A. lactate. B. CO2. C. ketone bodies. D. urea.

D

Vegan vegetarians may not get enough of which nutrient(s)? A. Calcium and vitamin D B. Iron and zinc C. Vitamin B12 D. All these nutrients could be low

D

Vegetarians have a lower risk of: A. diabetes. B. cardiovascular disease. C. high blood pressure. D. all of these are correct.

D

Which nutrient is found in plant protein foods but not in animal protein foods? A. Iron B. Zinc C. Calcium D. Fiber

D

Which of the following is TRUE of protein needs in athletes? A.Strength and endurance athletes may require 50-100% more protein than the RDA. B.Protein supplements are not typically necessary as long as kcal needs are met. C.It is unlikely that protein requirements in excess of the AMDR would be required. D. All of these statements are correct.

D

__________________ are at increased risk of not getting adequate vitamin B 12 in their diet A. Pregnant and lactating women B. Lacto-ovo vegetarians C. Trained athletes D. Vegan vegetarians

D