Nutrition Chapter 8
Which of the following elements stabilizes bones and makes teeth resistant to decay?
Fluoride
Which of the following food sources provides the least amount of zinc?
Legumes
To achieve peak bone mass, one should:
consume an adequate amount of milk and dairy products.
What prevents blood iron concentrations from rising too high?
hepcidin
Given a normal diet and moderate environment, the DRI committee recommends that the average adult male needs about _____ cups of fluid.
13
Adults in the United States consume an average of _____ mg of sodium per day.
3,500
What is the average daily intake of calories from beverages by females between the ages of 20 to 30 years?
350
The chief ion used to maintain the volume of fluid outside cells is ________.
sodium
Breastfed infants absorb about _____ percent of the ingested calcium.
60
What is the DRI of iron for men and women over 51 years of age?
8 mg/day
What is most important for bone health for those between the ages of 13 to 30 years?
Achieving peak bone mass
What would you consume with an iron-rich diet to enhance iron absorption?
A hamburger with a tomato slice
What beverage are people with iron overload advised to drink with their meals?
Black Tea
Which of the following is a function of chromium?
Blood glucose regulation
What does a DEXA scan measure or assess?
Bone density
How does a DASH diet effectively reduce blood sodium levels and blood pressure?
By increasing the intake of potassium-rich fruits and vegetables
How does the body deal with a high intake of iron from food?
By trapping iron in the intestinal cells
Which of the following statements is true about fluid consumption in the United States?
Consistently choosing higher-calorie beverages over water can double a person's caloric intake.
Which of the following is a nonmodifiable risk factor for osteoporosis?
Female gender
Which of the following statements is true regarding factors that affect bone health?
Genes influence the mechanisms for absorbing and employing vitamin D.
Which of the following statements about selenium is accurate?
Selenium limits the formation of free radicals and prevents oxidative damage.
Which of the following food sources provides the highest amount of zinc?
Shellfish
Which of the following statements is true of chromium?
It improves the cellular uptake of glucose by enhancing insulin activity.
Which of the following statements is true of fluoride?
It increases the resistance of bones and teeth against demineralization.
Which of the following statements is true of copper?
It plays a key role in the formation of hemoglobin and collagen.
Which characteristic of water allows it to act as a potential lubricant?
Its incompressibility
What is the most accurate statement about the body's water balance and its management?
Metabolic water is generated in the tissues as a product of chemical reactions.
Which of the following foods has the lowest percentage of water?
Peanut butter
Which of the following is a correct statement about bone density?
People achieve their peak bone mass after the first four decades of their life.
Which of the following substances inhibits iron absorption?
Phytic acid
Sulfate is adequate in a diet that is rich in _____.
Protein
When your body signals thirst, it is important to:
TRY: drink fluids to avoid the condition of dehydration NOT: consider drinking fluids soon to prevent dehydration from progressing.
Which physiological change occurs in the body when the calcium intake is cut back suddenly?
The bones release more calcium.
If a 200-pound person loses 4 pounds of body fluids, what percentage of body weight has he lost?
Two percent
Which of the following makes up about 60 percent of an adult's body weight?
Water
A person's ability to absorb calcium varies based on ______.
age or life stage
The two most abundant minerals in the body are:
calcium and phosphorus
Phosphorus is a critical constituent of cellular fluids because of its role:
in the synthesis of phospholipids to transport fats through the blood.
It is critical for body cells to maintain fluid and electrolyte balance. The body achieves this balance by:
increasing the intake of sodium when a person becomes dehydrated.
High doses of zinc inhibit _____.
iron absorption
Water excretion is regulated by the brain and the:
kidneys.
What is the principal positively charged ion inside body cells?
potassium
Magnesium and calcium work together to:
regulate the contraction and relaxation of muscles
The principal food source of chloride is _______.
salt
During outdoor physical activity, the body maintains its temperature by:
sweating to release body heat.
The first sign of dehydration is _________.
thirst
Which of the following makes up about 60 percent of an adult's body weight?
water
The DRI for calcium for adults between the ages of 19 to 50 years is _____ mg.
1,000
The best sources of phosphorus are _____.
Animal proteins
The kidneys filter wastes from the blood and then excrete them as urine. This process is an example of how the body uses water as a(an) ___________.
Cleansing agent
What mineral is present in Vitamin B12?
Cobalt
Which of the following proteins acts as a matrix on which mineral crystals of bone form?
Collagen
What effect does zinc deficiency have on the body?
Impaired immune response, leading to more infections
Severe mental and physical retardation of an infant, known as cretinism, is caused by a ______ deficiency during pregnancy.
Iodine
Which of the following elements must be present for the synthesis of thyroxine?
Iodine
Your best friend complains that she is tired all the time and has a problem concentrating. In addition, she craves ice. Based on her symptoms, which mineral deficiency does she have?
Iron deficiency
What is the RDA for iron for a 25-year-old vegan female who weighs 160 pounds?
NOT 18mg/day
It is critical for body cells to maintain fluid and electrolyte balance. The body achieves this balance by:
NOT: allowing minerals to slip freely across the cell membranes.
Compounds made of charged particles that dissolve in water are known as ______.
NOT: electrolytes
Magnesium plays a role in all of the following EXCEPT:
NOT: muscle contractions
How does the body respond to low cellular fluid, concentrated blood particles, and low blood pressure?
The hypothalamus initiates an immediate thirst response.
Why is medical supervision advised for a person suffering from chronic vomiting or diarrhea?
To prevent fluid and electrolyte imbalance
All of the following conditions increase a person's need for fluids EXCEPT:
decreased protein intake.
