nutrition chapter 9 smartbook

Anabolism

Smaller, simpler compounds used to build larger, more complicated compounds

What is another name for fatty acid oxidation? Multiple choice question.

beta oxidation

What is the main purpose of newborn screenings?

identify infants with genetic and metabolic disorders

During anaerobic glycolysis, which compounds can regenerate or accumulate?

lactate NAD+

Where can gluconeogenesis occur?

liver and kidney

During glycolysis, glucose is converted to two units of _____.

pyruvate

The transition reaction also ______ which will eventually enter the electron transport chain.

reduces NAD

The final pathway of aerobic respiration is _____. Multiple choice question.

the electron transport chain

The process of converting pyruvate into acetyl-CoA occurs in a process called _____.

the transition reaction

Cellular respiration

Removing electrons from food molecules to produce energy

Choose the best definition of cellular respiration.

Removing electrons from food molecules to obtain energy

How many turns of the citric acid cycle does it take to process one glucose molecule? Multiple choice question.

2

Adenosine triphosphate, also known as________, is the main form of energy used by the body.

ATP

Catabolism

Breaking down compounds to small units

Which of the following statements are true?

Carbohydrate can be used for fat synthesis. The glycerol part of triglycerides can be used to make glucose. Carbon skeletons from some amino acids can convert to glucose.

Carnitine

Choice, Carrier that shuttles fatty acids into the mitochondria Carrier that shuttles fatty acids into the mitochondria

Fatty acid oxidation

Choice, The breakdown of fatty acids to produce ATP The breakdown of fatty acids to produce ATP

Catabolic pathways produce which of the following from the production of ATP?

Heat Carbon dioxide Water

Anaerobic

Making ATP without oxygen

What part of the cell is the electron transport chain located in?

Mitochondria

_______ functions as the coenzyme nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide during intense aerobic exercise.

Niacin

Which two of the following vitamins assist dehydrogenase enzymes and therefore play a role in transferring the hydrogens from energy-yielding compounds to oxygen in the metabolic pathways of the cell?

Niacin Riboflavin

What are some of the key functions of the liver?

Nutrient storage Production of ketone bodies Alcohol metabolism

To prolong survival during fasting, the body goes through which of the following adaptations?

Reduction in energy requirements Slowing of metabolic rate Nervous system uses less glucose

Why is oxygen essential to energy production? Multiple choice question.

Oxygen is the final acceptor of electrons and hydrogen ions.

Aerobic

Process that requires oxygen

Lipolysis

The breakdown of triglycerides into free fatty acids and glycerol

What can happen when calorie supplies are insufficient or exceed needs?

The type of macronutrient used to generate energy changes. The rate at which macronutrients are converted to energy changes.

What are two functions of glycolysis?

To provide building blocks for synthesizing other needed compounds To produce energy

What are other names for the citric acid cycle?

Tricarboxylic acid cycle Krebs cycle

Combining glucose to make the more complex molecule of glycogen is considered __

anabolic