Nutrition Ex 3

Chronic alcohol abuse increases the risk of Select one: a. goiter. b. pancreatic cancer. c. fluorosis. d. chronic low blood pressure. e. heavy metal toxicity.

b. pancreatic cancer.

The human body needs vitamin K to Select one: a. absorb phosphorus from foods. b. produce blood clotting factors. c. make DNA. d. release the energy stored in glucose

b. produce blood clotting factors.

Paige is 6-weeks pregnant. Although Paige drank alcohol before she became pregnant, she refuses to drink any alcohol now, because she does not want to have a baby born with Select one: a. heart disease. b. pancreatic cancer. c. fetal alcohol spectrum disorder. d. cirrhotic liver disease. e. hepatitis.

c. fetal alcohol spectrum disorder.

____ helps the body maintain normal fluid balance. Select one: a. Mercury b. Copper c. Fluoride d. Iron e. Potassium

e. Potassium

Humans need vitamin B-6 for Select one: a. vitamin C recycling. b. amino acid metabolism c. blood clotting. d. magnesium absorption. e. activation of vitamin D.

b. amino acid metabolism

Which of the following substances enhances fat-soluble vitamin absorption in the small intestine? Select one: a. pepsin b. bile c. hydrochloric acid d. pancreatic amylase

b. bile

The body uses selenium to make Select one: a. hydrochloric acid in the stomach. b. polyunsaturated fatty acids. c. glucose from cholesterol molecules that are stored in liver cells. d. a group of proteins that have antioxidant function.

a group of proteins that have antioxidant function.

_____ is the primary source of direct energy for cells. Select one: a. ATP b. Glucose c. Protein d. All macronutrients e. Fat

a. ATP

Constance is making a vegetable soup that contains carrots, beans, water, salt, pepper, bits of ham, and onions. The soup has to cook for 4 hours. While the soup is cooking, what will happen to some of the minerals that are in its ingredients? Select one: a. Cooking the soup's ingredients for this extensive amount of time will enable the minerals to become antioxidants. b. The relatively high temperature that is needed to cook the soup will destroy the iron, phosphorus, and sulfur in the vegetables. c. The minerals will leach out of the ham and vegetables and lose their natural bioavailability. d. The minerals will leach out of the food and into the cooking water, retaining their bioavailability and becoming part of the soup in the process.

The minerals will leach out of the food and into the cooking water, retaining their bioavailability and becoming part of the soup in the process.

According to the "set point theory," a person's Select one: a. metabolic rate remains the same, regardless of environmental or physical factors. b. body fat level is largely genetically determined. c. body weight is influenced primarily by environmental factors. d. saturated fat intake strongly influences the rate at which he or she loses weight.

b. body fat level is largely genetically determined.

Chronic alcohol abuse increases the risk of Select one: a. vitamin toxicity syndrome. b. breast cancer. c. low blood pressure. d. post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis. e. thyroid enlargement.

b. breast cancer.

Which of the following statements is false? Select one: a. Efforts to reduce the risk of osteoporosis should begin early in life. b. Bones store calcium and can release the mineral when it is needed. c. Women generally have the highest risk of osteoporosis before menopause. d. Calcium is needed for muscle contraction and blood clot formation.

Women generally have the highest risk of osteoporosis before menopause.

Which of the following statements is true? Select one: a. Aerobic exercise involves rhythmic, sustained contractions of large muscle groups. b. If you can't have a conversation with your friends while exercising, you're working your large muscle groups at a moderate-intensity level. c. Walking, bowling and playing golf are forms of vigorous-intensity physical activity. d. You can't consider household chores as forms of physical activity because of the low-intensity level of the activities.

a. Aerobic exercise involves rhythmic, sustained contractions of large muscle groups.

Which of the following foods is a rich source of vitamin E? Select one: a. Almonds b. Enriched white wheat flour c. Ground beef d. Apples e. Fat-free milk

a. Almonds

Which of the following is a vitamin that plays a direct role in energy metabolism? Select one: a. Niacin b. Choline c. All of these d. None of these e. Folate

a. Niacin

To help conserve the vitamin content of foods, Select one: a. Steam or stir-fry until tender but not overcooked. Correct b. store in warm conditions, and expose to sunlight and air. c. cook slowly in large amounts of water. d. add fat to vegetables during the cooking process.

a. Steam or stir-fry until tender but not overcooked.

In the United States, which of the following statements is true? Select one: a. The Environmental Protection Agency regulates the sanitation of public water supplies. b. Bottled water is safer to drink than tap water c. The Food and Drug Administration permits manufacturers to add vitamins, minerals, and amino acids to their bottled water and flavored beverage products. d. No federal regulations cover bottled water that is sold throughout the country.

a. The Environmental Protection Agency regulates the sanitation of public water supplies.

he plastic that's used to make water bottles may contain Select one: a. bisphenol A. b. mercury. c. fluorides. d. electrolytes. e. vanadium

a. bisphenol A.

Which of the following groups of minerals are major minerals? Select one: a. potassium, magnesium, and sodium b. sodium, copper, and potassium c. iron, fluoride, and selenium d. calcium, phosphorus, and zinc

a. potassium, magnesium, and sodium

Adipose cells function to Select one: a. store fat and alter body functions through adipokines. b. only store fat. c. None of these answers are fully correct. d. store glucose and fat. e. store glucose and alter body functions through hypertrophy.

a. store fat and alter body functions through adipokines.

Performing weight-bearing exercise can Select one: a. strengthen bones. b. reduce the body's need for iron. c. increase intestinal absorption of zinc. d. delay the development of goiter.

a. strengthen bones.

Which of the following substances is a major factor that influences a person's metabolic rate? Select one: a. thyroid hormone b. leptin c. salivary amylase d. parathyroid hormone e. ghrelin

a. thyroid hormone

Jared is a vegan (total vegetarian). He can increase his intestinal tract's ability to absorb iron in his diet by combining iron-rich plant foods with sources of Select one: a. vitamin C. b. cadmium. c. copper. d. calcium. e. vitamin A. Feedback

a. vitamin C

Which of the following statements is true? Select one: a. Vomiting or diarrhea do not alter the body's fluid balance. b. A healthy person's average daily total water input usually equals his or her average total daily water output. c. Total body water does not include metabolic water. d. The liver is the major regulator of your body's water content and ion concentration.

b. A healthy person's average daily total water input usually equals his or her average total daily water output.

Which of the following statements is true? Select one: a. A blood pressure reading of 165/90 mm Hg is within the normal range. b. Approximately 30% of adult Americans have hypertension. c. "Deli" meats, such as bologna and ham, are rich sources of potassium and poor sources of sodium. d. The risk of developing hypertension decreases as a person grows older.

b. Approximately 30% of adult Americans have hypertension.

Which of the following vitamins can be made by the human body? Select one: a. C b. D c. Biotin d. E e. B12

b. D

Which of the following statements is true? Select one: a. A standard alcoholic drink is approximately 5 ounces of beer. b. Ethanol is a depressant drug. c. A typical beer is 12 to 14% alcohol. d. Each gram of alcohol provides 9 kcal.

b. Ethanol is a depressant drug.

Which of the following foods has the greatest bioavailable (absorbable) calcium? Select one: a. Spinach b. Fat-free yogurt c. Ground beef d. Red delicious apples e. Cottage cheese Feedback

b. Fat-free yogurt

_____ are fat-soluble vitamins. Select one: a. Niacin, riboflavin, and thiamin b. Vitamins K, E, and D c. Vitamins A, C, and D d. Pantothenic acid, vitamin A, and choline e. Vitamins B-12, B-6, and E

b. Vitamins K, E, and D

Which of the following statements is true? Select one: a. Women make higher amounts of an enzyme that helps metabolize alcohol, so they sober up faster than men, after drinking the same amounts of alcohol. b. When they drink the same amounts of alcohol, women tend to show the mind-altering effects of alcohol longer than men. c. When they drink the same amounts of alcohol, women tend to show the mind-altering effects of alcohol longer than men. d. A person's body size doesn't influence the rate at which he or she metabolizes alcohol.

b. When they drink the same amounts of alcohol, women tend to show the mind-altering effects of alcohol longer than men.

Consuela is an overweight young woman who wants to lose 10 pounds in 10 weeks. The most reliable and safe way for her to lose this weight is to Select one: a. increase her protein-rich food intake. b. decrease her usual energy intake by 500 kcal/day. c. increase her daily vitamin D intake. d. begin taking a supplement to blunt her appetite and increase her basal metabolic rate. e. decrease her physical activity.

b. decrease her usual energy intake by 500 kcal/day.

The best way to reduce your risk of cancer is to Select one: a. take dietary supplements that contain vitamins C and E. b. eat a variety of fruits and vegetables daily. c. eat red and processed meats at least 3 times per week. d. consume a high glycemic diet.

b. eat a variety of fruits and vegetables daily.

If the extracellular fluid has an excess of sodium ions , a. sodium ions move into cells b. intracellular fluid moves to the outside of cells c. phosphate and calcium ions ar eliminated in feces d. blood levels of arsenic and oxalate increase

b. intracellular fluid moves to the outside of cells

Vitamin C Select one: a. dissolves in the fatty portions of foods. b. is needed to properly form collagen. c. acts as a coenzyme in certain reactions that release energy from glucose. d. maintains rods and cones within the retina.

b. is needed to properly form collagen.

Overweight and obese people have a greater risk of _____ than people who aren't overfat. Select one: a. pernicious anemia b. type 2 diabetes c. skin cancer d. rickets e. low blood pressure

b. type 2 diabetes

Which of the following blood pressure values is normal? Select one: a. 145/60 mm Hg b. 80/120 mm Hg c. 118/69 mm Hg d. 70/120 mm Hg

c. 118/69 mm Hg

In 2009 to 2010, about _____ % of Americans who were 20 years of age and older were obese. Select one: a. 16 b. 24 c. 36 d. 48

c. 36

Which of the following statements is true? Select one: a. About 30% of an average person's body is water. b. A person's body water content increases with increasing age. c. Healthy young women have slightly less body water than healthy young men. d. Water comprises approximately 25% of lean muscle tissue.

c. Healthy young women have slightly less body water than healthy young men.

Wendy is a 17-year-old world class gymnast who suffers from female athlete triad. Based on this information, she has Select one: a. metabolic syndrome. b. type 1 diabetes. c. abnormal menstrual cycles. d. Hyperparathyroidism e. high bone density.

c. abnormal menstrual cycles.

Dennis wants to gain weight, primarily as lean tissue. In addition to performing resistance exercise regularly, he should Select one: a. avoid aerobic activities on the days he doesn't lift weights and eat about 50% of total calories from saturated fat. b. supplement his diet with essential amino acids and limit his total fat intake to no more than 10% of total kilocalories. c. add nutrient-dense, healthy sources of energy to his diet, including fatty fish, whole-grain cereals, nuts, peanut butter, and olive oil. d. increase his protein intake to 60% of total energy intake, eat more complex carbohydrates, and take a multivitamin/multimineral supplement.

c. add nutrient-dense, healthy sources of energy to his diet, including fatty fish, whole-grain cereals, nuts, peanut butter, and olive oil.

A researcher has isolated an organic, water-soluble chemical from roses. After performing tests, the scientist determines that the chemical supplies no energy for cells, but protects cell membranes from being damaged by certain environmental factors. Based on this information, the researcher may have discovered a (an) Select one: a. amino acid b. carcinogen c. antioxidant d. teratogen e. free radical d. teratogen e. free radical

c. antioxidant

The _____ is a numerical value that's based on the relationship between weight and risk of chronic health problems associated with excess body fat. Select one: a. skinfold thickness b. basal metabolic rate c. body mass index d. waist/hip ratio

c. body mass index

Which of the following minerals is necessary for proper muscle contraction? Select one: a. selenium b. cesium c. calcium d. aluminum e. cadmium

c. calcium

Becky's 2-year old son can't walk because he was born with spina bifida. To reduce the chances that her next baby is born with a neural tube defect, Becky should Select one: a. take iron, zinc, and magnesium supplements during the first month of pregnancy, then eat more whole-grain breads and cereals for the remaining months of pregnancy. b. eat at least 3 ounces of fatty fish three times a week, take vitamin A and D supplements and drink more fat-free milk during the first three months of pregnancy. c. consume green leafy vegetables and take a folic acid supplement before getting pregnant. d. take pantothenic acid, B-6, and B-12 supplements before getting pregnant.

c. consume green leafy vegetables and take a folic acid supplement before getting pregnant

In their efforts to avoid regaining the weight they have lost, members of the National Weight Control Registry tend to Select one: a. weigh themselves only once a month. b. skip meals, especially breakfast. c. exercise for at least 60 minutes daily. d. eat very low carbohydrate diets. e. eat high-protein diets.

c. exercise for at least 60 minutes daily.

For the past 4 years, 23-year-old Maggie has been losing a lot of blood during her menstrual periods. Based on this information, which of the following conditions is she most likely to develop? Select one: a. goiter b. heavy metal toxicity c. iron deficiency d. cretinism e. osteoporosis

c. iron deficiency

Emma consumes dairy products, but she does not eat meat, fish, eggs or poultry. She eats some vegetables and fruits, but she avoids beans, breads and cereal products. Based on this information, her diet lacks adequate Select one: a. sodium. b. calcium. c. iron. d. magnesium. e. potassium.

c. iron.

Jameela is an Iranian woman living in poverty. She is not seen in public places without being covered almost completely in heavy veils. Her usual diet is comprised of legumes, small amounts of yogurt, whole-grain breads and rice, fruits, and a few vegetables. Based on this information, Jameela is most at risk of Select one: a. kwashiorkor b. pellagra c. osteomalacia d. scurvy e. beriberi

c. osteomalacia

The _____ is the primary site for vitamin absorption in the body. Select one: a. large intestine b. gall bladder c. small intestine d. stomach e. pancreas

c. small intestine

Which of the following statements is true? Select one: a. Vegetable oils are about 25 to 50% water by weight. b. Water and beverages comprise 100% of a person's total water intake. c. Most of the water that enters the digestive tract is excreted in feces. d. Cells produce water as a by-product of energy metabolism.

d. Cells produce water as a by-product of energy metabolism.

Why is taking excess amounts of fat-soluble vitamins more likely to cause toxicity than taking excesses of water-soluble vitamins? Select one: a. The body has higher requirements for fat-soluble vitamins. b. In general, water-soluble vitamins are more likely to be stored in the body than fat-soluble vitamins. c. The body has higher requirements for water-soluble vitamins. d. In general, excesses of fat-soluble vitamins cannot be excreted as easily as water-soluble vitamins.

d. In general, excesses of fat-soluble vitamins cannot be excreted as easily as water-soluble vitamins

While in class, Barry can't seem to sit still. He constantly taps his feet on the floor and frequently shifts his position. The energy Barry uses for these movements is classified as Select one: a. thermic effect of food. b. resting metabolism. c. basal metabolism. d. NEAT. e. hydrothermic exercise calorimetrics.

d. NEAT.

Melanie is a healthy 8-month-old baby who loves to eat carrots, peaches, apricots, and green beans. Recently, her skin turned yellow. Based on this information, Melanie has developed Select one: a. osteomalacia b. pernicious anemia c. kidney failure d. carotenemia e. rickets

d. carotenemia

Which of the following foods contains the least water by weight? Select one: a. chicken breast b. leaf lettuce c. whole-wheat bread d. corn oil e. apple with skin

d. corn oil

Which of the following groups of minerals are trace minerals? Select one: a. calcium, phosphorus, and zinc b. sodium, copper, and potassium c. calcium, magnesium, and sodium d. iron, copper, and zinc

d. iron, copper, and zinc

Which of the following conditions or behaviors is a characteristic sign of a person with anorexia nervosa? Select one: a. overeating in social situations b. consuming excessive doses of dietary supplements daily c. purging excessive caloric intake by inducing vomiting for over-exercising d. maintaining a body weight that's 15% or more below the normal weight for his or her height e. having a metabolic rate that's 10 to 25% above normal

d. maintaining a body weight that's 15% or more below the normal weight for his or her height

Your body needs iodine for Select one: a. transporting proteins in lymph. b. carrying oxygen in blood. c. making essential fatty acids. d. maintaining normal thyroid function.

d. maintaining normal thyroid function.

Since she was a 2-year-old "toddler," Gina has been drinking well water that contains a very high amount of fluoride. Based on this information, you would expect Gina to have Select one: a. type 1 diabetes b. goiter c. hair loss d. mottled teeth e. iron-deficiency anemia

d. mottled teeth

B vitamins function as Select one: a. chemical messengers. b. hormones. c. structural components of body cells. d. parts of coenzymes.

d. parts of coenzymes.

Scientists are uncertain whether ____ is an essential mineral for humans. Select one: a. zinc b. selenium c. iodide d. silicon e. magnesium

d. silicon

Yesterday, Jenny ran in a marathon race. While she ran, she drank several large cups of water at water stations along the race course. At the end of the race, she experienced difficulty making it to the finish line. She was confused, and she complained of having a headache and feeling dizzy. Based on this information, Jenny was probably suffering from Select one: a. kidney failure. b. heat cramps. c. brain cancer. d. water intoxication.

d. water intoxication.

Parathyroid hormone Select one: a. increases the body's rate of potassium excretion. b. enables glucose to enter cells. c. signals bone cells to take up calcium from the bloodstream. d. enhances the body's ability to absorb and retain calcium.

d.enhances the body's ability to absorb and retain calcium.

Which of the following statements is true? Select one: a. Fat cells require more energy to function than muscle cells. b. The aging process causes muscle cells to become fat cells. c. Inactivity causes muscle cells to become fat cells. d. An average woman has a higher metabolic rate than an average man. e. As people grow older, their metabolic rates decline. Correct

e. As people grow older, their metabolic rates decline.

Which of the following is a provitamin or precursor for vitamin A? Select one: a. Vitamin K1 b. Retinol c. Alpha-tocopherol d. Biotin e. Beta-carotene

e. Beta-carotene

Which of the following statements is true? Select one: a. Compared to a glucose molecule, a fatty acid molecule has more oxygen atoms in relation to carbon atoms. b. ATP is broken down into lactic acid during aerobic exercise. c. Glucose is the primary fuel for resting muscles. d. Amino acids are a major source of energy for contracting muscles. e. During high-intensity exercise, muscle cells burn more glucose than fat for energy.

e. During high-intensity exercise, muscle cells burn more glucose than fat for energy.

_____ is the iron-containing protein in red blood cells that carries oxygen. Select one: a. Myoglobin b. Parathyroid hormone c. Phytic acid d. Thyroxin e. Hemoglobin

e. Hemoglobin

Which of the following is a vitamin that plays a direct role in energy metabolism? Select one: a. Choline b. All of these c. None of these d. Folate e. Niacin

e. Niacin

_____ is the primary source of sodium in the typical American's diet. Select one: a. Tap water b. Whole milk c. Fresh fruit d. Well water e. Processed food

e. Processed food

The body can store large amounts of Select one: a. Vitamin C b. Thiamin c. Riboflavin d. Vitamin B6 e. Vitamin B12

e. Vitamin B12

Which of the following statements is true? Select one: a. Most vitamins can be made by the human body. b. The body excretes fat-soluble vitamins more easily than water-soluble vitamins. c. Foods generally contain larger amounts of vitamins than proteins or carbohydrates. d. Vitamins supply about 2 kcal per gram. e. Vitamins are partly defined by their ability to prevent a specific deficiency disorder.

e. Vitamins are partly defined by their ability to prevent a specific deficiency disorder.

By performing exercise regularly, people can reduce their risk of Select one: a. spina bifida. b. type 1 diabetes. c. pernicious anemia. d. goiter. e. cardiovascular disease.

e. cardiovascular disease.

Tim's body is shaped like a pear, because his excess body fat is distributed mostly below his waist. His body fat distribution is associated with Select one: a. increased risk of osteoporosis, cystic fibrosis, and autoimmune diseases. b. increased risk of type 2 diabetes, hypertension, and heart disease. c. None of these are correct because only females store fat in the pear-shaped pattern. d. more nutrient deficiency diseases than if the excess fat were in the upper part of his body. e. fewer serious chronic health problems than if the excess fat were in the upper part of his body.

e. fewer serious chronic health problems than if the excess fat were in the upper part of his body.

Marcia's BMI is 24.2. Based on this information, her weight is in the _____ range. Select one: a. morbid obese b. underweight c. obese d. overweight e. healthy

e. healthy

The _____ play a major role in regulating the body's fluid balance. Select one: a. tonsils b. salivary glands c. parathyroid glands d. thyroid gland e. kidneys

e. kidneys