Nutrition Exam 1 Practice Questions

Given the same intake (500 grams of carbohydrate, 30 grams of protein, and 75 grams of fat), what percentage of the kilocalories is from protein? a. 4 b. 24 c. 72 d. 81

4

Given the same 1800-kcalorie diet, how many grams of protein would meet the man in question 11's Daily Value goals? a. 25 b. 30 c. 45 d. 52

45

Given the same 1800-kcalorie diet, how many grams from fat would meet the man in question 11's Daily Value goals? a. 50 b. 70 c. 68 d. 65

70

Given the same intake (500 grams of carbohydrate, 30 grams of protein, and 75 grams of fat), what percentage of kcalories is from carbohydrate? a. 4 b. 24 c. 72 d. 81

72

Which food would NOT need to carry a Nutrition Facts panel? a. A smoothie purchased at a restaurant franchise with only 25 locations b. A cookie purchased from a vending machine c. A box of plain coffee to be brewed at home d. A box of popcorn purchased at a movie theater

A box of plain coffee to be brewed at home

Which term is a diet planning principle?

Adequacy

Which statement accurately describes the role played by the mouth in digestion? a. After a mouthful of food has been chewed and swallowed, it is called a bolus. b. The pharynx closes the airway so that choking doesn't occur when swallowing. c. When food is swallowed, it travels through the trachea. d. The five basic taste sensations are sweet, sour, bitter, salty, and herby.

After a mouthful of food has been chewed and swallowed, it is called a bolus.

Not considered a nutrient although it provides energy

Alcohol

In a recent nutritional assessment, 10-year-old Gabby shows higher-than-average weight and height measurements than others of her age and sex. What type of assessment provided these results? a. Historical information b. Physical examination c. Anthropometric data d. Laboratory tests

Anthropometric data

Which food is rich in prebiotics? a. Yogurt b. White rice c. Chicken breast d. Apples

Apples

Nutrient recommendations _____ a. Apply to both healthy and nonhealthy individuals. b. Are standardized to apply to all members of the population. c. Should be followed strictly by all individuals. d. Are not minimum requirements and may not represent optimal intakes for all individuals.

Are not minimum requirements and may not represent optimal intakes for all individuals.

Which step occurs first in the vascular system? a. Blood leaves the left side of the heart via the aorta. b. Blood leaves the right side of the heart via the pulmonary artery. c. Blood either leaves the aorta and goes to the upper body and head, or travels to the lower body. d. Blood loses carbon dioxide, picks up oxygen in the lungs, and then returns to the heart's left side via the pulmonary vein.

Blood leaves the right side of the heart via the pulmonary artery.

Which food would fall outside of the five major food groups in the USDA Food Patterns? a. Butter b. Eggs c. Strawberry yogurt d. White rice

Butter

Which key nutrient is NOT found in legumes? a. Calcium b. Protein c. Iron d. Zinc

Calcium

Which characteristic is a strength of epidemiological studies? a. Can narrow down the list of possible causes b. Can prove cause and effect c. Can control variables that may influence the development or prevention of a disease d. Can control conditions (for the most part)

Can narrow down the list of possible causes

A major fuel source that has 4 kcal per gram

Carbohydrate

The main function of bile is to _____

Emulsify fats

In the food lists system, each portion of food on any given list provides about the same amount of ______

Energy nutrient content

A grain product that has had nutrients added to replace those lost during processing is known as a(n) _______ product.

Enriched

What is the average daily amount of a nutrient that will maintain a specific biochemical or physiological function in half the healthy people of a given age and sex? a. Adequate Intake (AI) b. Upper Tolerable Intake Level (UL) c. Estimated Average Requirement (EAR) d. Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range (AMDR)

Estimated Average Requirement (EAR)

A cohort research design involves collecting data from individuals once at a specific time and location. a) True b) False

False

A primary deficiency occurs when the body is unable to use the nutrients consumed efficiently. a) True b) False

False

An emulsifier is a substance that prevents fats and water from mixing. a. True b. False

False

Cholecystokinin speeds up the process of digestion. a. True b. False

False

Diet-planning principles and dietary guidelines are primarily meant to be used when eating out. a. True b. False

False

Of the energy-yielding nutrients, protein has the highest number of kcalories per gram. a) True b) False

False

The Dietary Guidelines refrain from making recommendations about exercise because physical activity is not relevant to a person's diet. a. True b. False

False

The most calorie-dense nutrient

Fat

Which of these nutrients is energy-yielding? a. Vitamin C b. Iron c. Water d. Fat

Fat

If food A contains 400 mg of calcium and 250 calories, vehicle food B contains 65 mg of calcium and 115 calories, food C contains 575 mg of calcium and 235 calories, and food D contains 900 mg of calcium and 480 calories, which food is more nutrient-dense? a. Food A b. Food B c. Food C d. Food D

Food C

Which term defines any condition caused by excess or deficient food energy or nutrient intake or by an imbalance of nutrients?

Malnutrition

The nutrients from which food would be carried in the lymphatic system to the heart? a. Mayonnaise b. Apple slices c. Wheat bread d. Chicken breast

Mayonnaise

Some are environmental contaminants that can disrupt body functions

Minerals

Which class of nutrients does NOT contain carbon? a. Carbohydrates b. Vitamins c. Minerals d. Lipids

Minerals

A measure of the nutrients a portion of food provides relative to the energy it provides is known as a. Variety. b. Dietary control. c. Eating pattern. d. Nutrient density.

Nutrient density.

Foods that deliver the most nutrients for the least food energy are considered ______ foods.

Nutrient-dense

Which statement accurately describes a cross-sectional study? a. Carrying out laboratory experiments to examine the effects of a variable on cells. b. Comparing two groups of individuals in the same age and gender group, one with diabetes and one without. c. Observing how much and what kinds of foods a group of people eat and how healthy these people are. d. Interviewing a randomly chosen group of people about their current eating habits and physical activity over a period of time

Observing how much and what kinds of foods a group of people eat and how healthy these people are.

Which of the following is a health claim? a. Rich in potassium b. Builds strong bones c. Good source of fiber d. Reduces the risk of prostate cancer

Reduces the risk of prostate cancer

Which advice might help someone used to eating poor-quality foods out of habit? a. Order salad for dinner when out with friends. b. Journal about your feelings. c. Choose organic foods when possible. d. Remove unhealthy foods from the house.

Remove unhealthy foods from the house

Which of the following statements regarding risk factors for disease is accurate? a. The absence of a risk factor guarantees that a person will never develop the disease. b. Having multiple risk factors is the same as having only one risk factor when determining the likelihood of getting a disease. c. Risk factors tend to dissipate throughout a lifetime. d. Risk factors tend to cluster.

Risk factors tend to cluster.

Which health condition is related to vitamin C deficiency? a. Anemia b. Scurvy c. Rickets d. Xerophthalmia

Scurvy

Aretha's health history indicates that she is anemic because she is excreting too much iron. What type of deficiency does this suggest? a. Primary deficiency b. Secondary deficiency c. Subclinical deficiency d. Overt deficiency

Secondary deficiency

Absorption occurs primarily in the

Small intestine

Which information would be part of a person's historical information when completing a nutrition assessment? a. Socioeconomic status b. Anthropometric measurements c. Physical examination d. Laboratory tests

Socioeconomic status

Which of the following is NOT a member of the vegetable food group? a. Spinach b. Tomatoes c. Onions d. Soy products

Soy products

Which item is one of the eight most common allergy-causing foods? a. Corn b. Soybeans c. Citrus fruit d. Strawberries

Soybeans

The _______ muscles allow the contents of the GI tract to move along at a controlled pace by periodically opening and closing

Sphincter

Which vegetable provides the most folic acid? a. Sweet potatoes b. Carrots c. Black beans d. Spinach

Spinach

Aretha's blood and urine tests at a recent checkup show that her levels of iron are low. She is surprised by the results because she doesn't have any of the symptoms associated with low iron, such as fatigue and headaches. Which type of deficiency does this suggest? a. Subclinical b. Primary c. Secondary d. Abnormal e. Functional

Subclinical

Which of the following is a structure-function claim? a. Fat-free b. Less sodium c. Supports immunity and digestive health d. A diet low in total fat may reduce the risk of some cancers

Supports immunity and digestive health

Which value can specify the point at which a nutrient could become toxic? a. Tolerable Upper Intake Level (UL) b. Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range (AMDR) c. Estimated Energy Requirement (EER) d. Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA)

Tolerable Upper Intake Level (UL)

A 2000-kcalorie diet is considered about right for sedentary younger women, active older women, and sedentary older men. a. True b. False

True

Food labels present nutrient information based on one serving and must identify the size of a serving. a. True b. False

True

High-fat foods appear to be a universally common food preference. a) True b) False

True

Large fats and fat-soluble vitamins travel through the lymphatic system before making their way into the bloodstream. a. True b. False

True

Legumes contribute some of the same key nutrients as meats, poultry, and seafood. a. True b. False

True

Malnutrition occurs when a person receives an excess or deficiency of food energy or nutrient intake or an imbalance of nutrients. a) True b) False

True

One function of the liver is to detoxify potentially harmful substances before they enter the bloodstream. a. True b. False

True

The gastrointestinal tract extends from the esophagus to the anus. a. True b. False

True

Which of these refers to the maximum daily amount of a nutrient that appears safe for most healthy people and beyond which there is an increased risk of adverse health effects?

UL

What diet-planning principle calls for selecting foods from each of the food groups daily and varying your choices within each food group? a. Adequacy b. Moderation c. Balance d. Variety

Variety

The ________ system is a closed system of vessels through which blood flows.

Vascular

Which food group contributes vitamin C, fiber, and magnesium? a. Fruits b. Vegetables c. Grains d. Protein foods

Vegetables

The fingerlike projections of the small intestine that recognize and select nutrients the body needs are called

Villi

Which vitamin is produced by bacteria in the GI tract? a. Vitamin A b. Vitamin B12 c. Vitamin C d. Vitamin D

Vitamin B12

Which nutrient must be included on the Nutrition Facts panel? a. Vitamin A b. Vitamin C c. Vitamin D d. Vitamin E

Vitamin D

The new food label replaced the Daily Values of vitamins A and C with which of the following? a. Vitamins A and E b. Vitamin D and iron c. Vitamin D and potassium d. Vitamin C and calcium

Vitamin D and potassium

Which vitamin is contained in vegetable oils? a. Vitamin A b. Vitamin C c. Vitamin D d. Vitamin E

Vitamin E

Facilitate the release of energy from food

Vitamins

Which of the following is classified as a nutrient? a. Water b. Phytochemicals c. Alcohol d. Additives

Water

Which substance is found in the largest amount in both fruits and vegetables? a. Vitamins b. Carbohydrates c. Water d. Protein

Water

Which of the following is transported via facilitated diffusion in the small intestine? a. Water b. Glucose c. Water-soluble vitamins d. Small lipids

Water-soluble vitamins

Food labels list ingredients in _____ order of predominance by weight.

descending

"Low saturated fat" is an example of a _____ claim.

nutrient

Which of the following food servings is equivalent to 1 ounce of grains? a. 2 slices of bread b. 2 cups of popped popcorn c. ½ cup of cooked rice d. 1 cup cooked oatmeal

½ cup of cooked rice

How much fat can "low-fat" ice cream contain ? a. 6 grams or less per serving b. 4 grams per serving c. 3 grams or less per serving d. 8 grams per serving

3 grams or less per serving

A person consumes 8 grams of protein, 25 grams of carbohydrates, 6 grams of fat, and 4 grams of alcohol. What is the total energy value (in kcalories) from these stated amounts? a. 224 kilocalories b. 254 kilocalories c. 214 kilocalories d. 204 kilocalories

214 kilocalories

Given the same intake (500 grams of carbohydrate, 30 grams of protein, and 75 grams of fat), what percentage of the kilocalories is from fat? a. 4 b. 24 c. 72 d. 81

24

What value refers to the average daily amount of a nutrient that will maintain a specific biochemical or physiological function in half the healthy people of a given age and sex?

EAR Analysis

Added sugars should be limited to less than ______ percent of kcalories daily.

10

How many calories are discretionary and can be used for solid fats, added sugar, and possibly alcohol by someone on a 2000 calorie diet? a. 25-75 per day b. 80-120 per day c. 100-300 per day d. 200-600 per day

100-300 per day

According to the Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Ranges (AMDR), what percentage of kcalories should come from fat? a. 10-25% b. 20-35% c. 30-45% d. 40-55%

20-35%

Which food would begin to be digested in the mouth? a. Cheese b. Salami c. Olive oil d. Crackers

Crackers

A person who chooses a chicken leg that provides 0.5 milligram of iron and 95 kcalories instead of 2 tablespoons of peanut butter that also provide 0.5 milligrams of iron but 188 kcalories is using the principle of nutrient _______

Density

Which part of a typical research article draws tentative conclusions supported by the data? a. Discussion b. Abstract c. Results d. Methodology

Discussion

What is the top portion of the small intestine called? a. Duodenum b. Jejunum c. Colon d. Ileum

Duodenum

Which part of the intestines does chyme arrive in first upon exiting the stomach? a. Colon b. Ileum c. Jejunum d. Duodenum

Duodenum

Which choice is an example of an ultra-processed food? a. Fruit gummies b. Canned pear slices c. Frozen blueberries d. 100 percent pure orange juice

Fruit Gummies

Which digestive secretion is the most acidic? a. Bile b. Saliva c. Gastric juice d. Pancreatic juice

Gastric juice

Which hormone triggers the release of hydrochloric acid in the stomach? a. Secretin b. Cholecystokinin (CCK) c. Gastrin d. Leptin

Gastrin

A label of a food that provides 15 percent of the Daily Value of a given nutrient per serving can carry which of the following claims about that nutrient? a. Adequate source of b. Excellent source of c. Healthy source of d. Good source of

Good source of

According to the principle of ________, survival depends on a body's condition staying about the same.

Hoeostasis

While reading a research article, you note a prediction that "it seems likely that individuals who exercise more will lose weight more easily." How would you categorize this statement? a. Conclusion b. Cohort analysis c. Hypothesis d. Experiment

Hypothesis

Which statement accurately describes the Estimated Average Requirements (EAR) and Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDA)? a. If people consumed the EAR of a given nutrient daily, half would develop a deficiency. b. The RDA is probably closer than the EAR to meeting everyone's needs. c. The EAR is set to be greater than the RDA. d. Small amounts of intake greater than the daily requirements are likely to be harmful. Hide Feedback Correct

If people consumed the EAR of a given nutrient daily, half would develop a deficiency.

If a patient develops anemia as a result of their chronic kidney disease, and presents with fatigue and shortness of breath caused by the anemia, which accurately describes their deficiency? a. It is a primary deficiency. b. It is a secondary deficiency. c. It is a subclinical deficiency. d. It is anemia with covert symptoms.

It is a secondary deficiency.

If scientists were studying the effect of vitamin supplements on kidney disease, which of these would be the variable? a. The type of diet each participant eats b. Kidney disease c. The age of each participant d. Changes in blood lipids noted during the study

Kidney disease

Which part of the nutrition assessment is useful for finding early signs of malnutrition before symptoms appear? a. Historical information b. Anthropometric measurements c. Physical examinations d. Laboratory tests

Laboratory tests

According to the USDA Food Patterns: Food Groups and Subgroups, which of the following food items is listed in both the vegetable and protein groups? a. Dried fruit b. Popcorn c. Vegetable oil d. Legumes

Legumes

A food that is labeled "fat-free" contains which of the following? a. Less than 1 gram of fat per serving b. Less than 0.5 gram of fat per serving (and no added fat) c. 3 grams or less of fat per serving d. 25 percent or less of fat than the comparison food

Less than 0.5 gram of fat per serving (and no added fat)

All blood leaving the GI tract travels first to the _____

Liver

_______ is a clear fluid that transports fat and fat-soluble vitamins to the bloodstream from

Lymph

The muscular contractions that move food through the gastrointestinal (GI) tract are called ______

Peristalsis

Which type of diet promotes the most favorable changes in the gastrointestinal microbiota? a. Paleo b. Low-fat c. Ketogenic d. Plant-based

Plant-based

Which is the number one reason that most people choose certain foods? a. Preference b. Habit c. Social interactions d. Marketing

Preference

Forms part of body structures like muscle and skin?

Protein

What value refers to the average daily amount of a nutrient considered adequate to meet the known nutrient needs of practically all healthy people?

RDA

After reviewing Carla's food diary, the dietitian says, "Your score was 65 out of 100 this week." Which diet-planning guide is being used? a. MyPlate b. Food lists c. USDA food patterns d. The Healthy Eating Index

The Healthy Eating Index

Which statement accurately describes what it means if a person's intake of a nutrient falls between the Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA) and the Estimated Average Requirement (EAR)? a. The intake is probably excessive and the possibility of toxicity is likely. b. The intake is probably adequate. c. The intake may be adequate, but the chances are greater or equal that it is inadequate. d. The intake is probably inadequate and the possibility of deficiency likely.

The intake may be adequate, but the chances are greater or equal that it is inadequate.

Which risk factor causes the most deaths in the United States? a. Alcohol consumption b. Sedentary lifestyle c. Poor nutrition d. Tobacco abuse

Tobacco abuse

Which statement applies to the health status of vegetarians, on average? a. They have a lower rate of cancer than non-vegetarians. b. They have a slightly higher risk for heart disease than non-vegetarians. c. They consume more fat to increase their diet's palatability, thereby increasing their risk for hypertension. d. They are more likely to develop diverticular disease owing to increased consumption of fiber.

They have a lower rate of cancer than non-vegetarians.

The use of _____ poses the most prominent risk factor for chronic diseases in the United States.

Tobacco

Which of the following types of grain product retains its original content of nutrients and fiber? a. Refined-grain product b. Whole-grain product c. Enriched-grain product d. Fortified-grain product

Whole-grain product

Which nutrient is found in all foods designated as "protein foods" in the USDA Food Patterns? a. Fiber b. Vitamin C c. Zinc d. Calcium

Zinc