Nutrition Exam 2
Which of these foods has the LEAST dietary protein? 3 ounces of skinless chicken breast 1 cup of steamed broccoli 1 cup of sliced peaches 1 cup of dried pinto beans
1 cup of sliced peaches
The AMDR recommendation is to consume no more than ________ percent of total kilocalories from saturated fats.
10
How many compounds are classified as vitamins?
13
Susan is consuming 70 grams of protein per day on her 2,000-kilocalorie-per-day diet. What percentage of Susan's diet is protein? 10 percent 14 percent 28 percent 35 percent
14 percent
How much protein should Sarah add to her diet if she gets pregnant?
19g
How much of your daily caloric intake should come from all fats?
20%-30%
An individual with an energy allowance of 1,800 kilocalories who consumes ________ grams of fat per day falls within the current AMDR recommendation for dietary fat intake.
48
What is the daily protein requirement for Sarah, a 136-lb, moderately active 32-year-old woman?
49 g
Connie is a healthy 22-year-old student who weighs 155 pounds. What is her Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA) for protein? 140 grams per day 70 grams per day 86 grams per day 56 grams per day
56 grams per day
Based on the RDA for protein, a healthy adult who weighs 80 kilograms should consume __________ grams of protein per day. 64 80 100 140
64
Dalila was speaking to her grandmother's reading group about healthful eating habits. Mrs. Cortez asked Dalila about the recent increase in the popularity of berries. She had heard that they were rich in antioxidants. She wanted to know what they could do for her. What do you think would be Dalila's best answer?
Antioxidants are essential because they fight the damage caused by free radicals, especially those formed as a result of pollutants and from smoking.
What foods should Ashley eat to increase vitamin C intake without taking a supplement?
Ashley can get her vitamin C from a variety of fruits and vegetables, including citrus fruits, broccoli, tomatoes, cantaloupe, and many other foods.
Ashley's multivitamin pill contains 1,000 percent of the RDA for vitamin C. After her experience with vitamin B6, she is concerned that there might be negative side effects associated with ingesting too much vitamin C. Should she be worried? How much vitamin C is considered safe?
Ashley has not reached the UL (Upper Limit) of vitamin C, which is 2,000 milligrams per day; she does not need to be worried at this point. The higher the level of vitamin C intake, the higher the excretion from the kidney and her urine. However, if she drastically increases her vitamin C supplement intake, she could experience some of the toxicity symptoms, which include nausea, diarrhea, fatigue, and insomnia. The recommended vitamin C intake for Ashley is 75 milligrams per day, which she could obtain by eating an orange. There is no need for her to waste her money on supplements. By the way, 1 raw bell pepper contains 225 milligrams of vitamin C!
Which food(s) should Ashley eat to increase her intake of B vitamins?
Ashley should eat a varied diet of lean meats, poultry, fish, fortified cereals and grains, fruits, and vegetables.
What foods should Ashley eat to consume sufficient amounts of vitamin B6?
Ashley, unless she is a vegetarian, could consume animal protein such as meat, fish, and poultry; chicken breast, in particular, provides a significant amount of vitamin B6. Fruits and vegetables are also good sources, with prunes and bananas leading the way. Nuts and peanut butter could also be included in her diet. Check out the food label on your next box of cereal and you will find that it is probably fortified with B6. Remember that "fortification" means adding vitamins and minerals to a food in which they do not occur naturally.
Which of the following vitamin's naturally occurring form is present only in foods from animal sources? biotin B6 pantothenic acid B12
B12
T/F Consumption of dietary cholesterol is necessary for good health.
False
T/F In the cis configuration of fatty acids, the hydrogens lie on the opposite side of the double bond.
False
T/F Individuals with dark skin need a shorter period in the sun to make the necessary vitamin D than individuals with light skin.
False
T/F There is no evidence to suggest that antioxidants can slow down the development of cancer.
False
T/F Trans fatty acids occur in foods only as a by-product of the process of hydrogenation; they do not occur naturally.
False
T/F Vitamin D deficiency occurs only in young children, not in adults.
False
T/F Vitamin deficiency is a minor issue with no serious consequences.
False
T/F Vitamins can be found only in fruits and vegetables.
False
In the stomach, protein is denatured by HCl. bile salts. heat. pepsinogen.
HCL
Once amino acids have entered the amino acid pool, their primary metabolic fate is to become part of a protein produced within individual cells. But this is not the only possible metabolic fate for amino acids. Which of the following could not be a metabolic fate for an amino acid after it becomes part of the amino acid pool? It could be used for energy production. It could be used to produce glucose. It could be used to make body fat. It could be stored intact to be used for protein production another day.
It could be stored intact to be used for protein production another day.
Which of the following is the best dietary recommendation relating to fats to promote good health?
Limit intake of cholesterol, saturated fat, and trans fat.
What types of lipids do foods like meat and cheese contain?
Meat and cheese contain saturated fats.
Are megadoses of any of the vitamins A, D, and E likely to boost Justin's immune system? Why or why not?
Megadoses of each of these vitamins (doses much higher than the RDA) will not boost his immune system, and high doses of fat-soluble vitamins can be dangerous to his health.
Justin spends most of the day indoors either in the engineering lab or at work in the bookstore. Do you think Justin is likely to synthesize enough vitamin D? What recommendations would you make to ensure that he meets his vitamin D needs?
No, Justin is not likely to synthesize enough vitamin D to meet his needs because he does not get much sun exposure on his skin. He should be sure to include vitamin D-fortified foods (such as milk and milk products, fortified grain products, and certain types of fish such as salmon and sardines) in his diet.
What changes or substitutions could Patricia make to improve the nutritional quality of her cooking?
Patricia can replace all of her full fat dairy products with low fat versions of these foods. She can also use smaller portions of her favorite Italian meats in her recipes without losing the flavors of these foods.
Which of the following is true regarding the relationship between amino acids and protein? Protein is made of essential and nonessential amino acids. Protein is made of essential amino acids only. Protein consists of a carbon atom bound to hydrogen, an amine group, and a side chain. Protein is made of nonessential amino acids only.
Protein is made of essential and nonessential amino acids.
What would happen if Sarah consistently exceeded her daily protein requirement?
She could gain weight if the extra protein contributed to excess kilocalories over her energy needs.
What is the Acceptable Micronutrient Distribution Range (AMDR) for total fat; saturated fat, and trans-fat and why is it important?
The AMDR for total fat is 20% - 35% and 10% each for saturated and trans-fatty acids of our total calories.
Which of the following is true regarding enzymes? They are only used in anabolic reactions. They are biological catalysts that speed up reactions. They are only used in catabolic reactions. They are nonspecific.
They are biological catalysts that speed up reactions.
Patricia loves to cook, and uses a lot of cheese and Italian meats, including sausage, in her favorite dishes. Would you classify these foods as high in fat?
They are definitely high in total and saturated fat...but they sure taste good!
Which of the following statements about vitamins is false?
They are digested through hydrolysis
A diet of colorful fruits and vegetables ensures that antioxidant-rich foods are being consumed.
True
T/F Antioxidants are compounds that protect the body against damage from free radicals.
True
T/F Cholesterol is required for the production of bile and sex hormones.
True
T/F Cooking foods in high heat causes the loss of water-soluble vitamins.
True
T/F Some nutrients, such as vitamins A, D, and E, require dietary fat to be absorbed.
True
T/F Trans fats can raise LDL cholesterol levels and reduce HDL cholesterol levels more than saturated fats.
True
T/F Water-soluble vitamins are not stored in the body.
True
What roles do the fat soluble vitamins A, D, and E play in fighting infection?
Vitamin A is important in the production of mucus, vitamin D regulates the immune system, and vitamin E is an antioxidant that protects cell membranes and protects vitamin A.
Does Ashley's intake of 200 milligrams per day of vitamin B6 exceed the tolerable upper limit for the vitamin?
Yes, Ashley did exceed the UL of 100 milligrams per day of B6.
Justin was consuming 25,000 IU (7500 micrograms) of preformed vitamin A supplements to ward off his cold and boost his immune system. Is this level higher than the Tolerable Upper Intake Level (UL) for safety? What symptoms would you expect Justin to experience if this level resulted in vitamin A toxicity?
Yes, Justin is over the 3,000 micrograms per day UL for vitamin A. Justin could suffer toxicity symptoms including nausea, headaches, and vomiting.
An example of a biotin-rich meal consists of __________. salad greens with balsamic dressing a peanut butter sandwich on whole-wheat bread chocolate chip cookies potatoes with homemade aioli (containing raw eggs)
a peanut butter sandwich on whole-wheat bread
A provitamin is __________.
a vitamin precursor that is converted to a vitamin in the body
The primary function of the B vitamins is to __________. provide calories aid in blood clotting act as coenzymes in energy production act as antioxidants
act as coenzymes in energy production
Preformed vitamins areactive forms of vitamins found in foods.
active forms of vitamins found in foods.
The body has an unlimited ability to store excess energy as fat in __________.
adipocytes
Which vitamin is sometimes called the "beauty vitamin" because it helps enhance hair and nails? vitamin C biotin vitamin B6 riboflavin
biotin
Excess protein consumed is converted to __________. amino acid pools hormones body fat glycogen stores
body fat
Amino acids found in the amino acid pool __________. must come from animal products can be used for protein synthesis require protein supplements to maintain their resources help to synthesize essential amino acids
can be used for protein synthesis
Proteins are made of which of the following atoms? carbon and hydrogen carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen hydrogen and oxygen carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen
carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen
Which of the following foods is a good source of provitamin A?
carrots
The liver is able to synthesize all the __________ the body needs.
cholesterol
The fate of most digested dietary protein is __________. conversion to glucose for energy circulation in the blood as amino acids storage as glycogen in muscle cells storage as triglycerides in adipose tissue
circulation in the blood as amino acids
B vitamins share a role as ________ in energy production. oxidants enzymes metabolites coenzymes
coenzymes
The chickpeas and sesame paste that make up the main ingredients of hummus are considered limiting proteins. complementary proteins. nitrogen-balanced. incomplete proteins unless eaten with pita bread.
complementary proteins.
Which of the following best characterizes fatty acids?
components of lipids
Which of the following does NOT constitute a heart-healthy dietary change?
consuming fried foods as soon as they are prepared
Factors that influence the ability to synthesize vitamin D from sunlight include all of the following except
dietary cholesterol consumption.
Vitamins differ from carbohydrates, proteins, and fats because they __________.
do not provide calories
Which of the following foods contains the highest quality protein? soy beans corn eggs whole wheat bread
eggs
When consumed in excess, water-soluble vitamins are most often stored in the liver. stored in body fat. excreted in the feces. excreted in the urine.
excreted in the urine.
All hormones are protein based.
false
Amino acids are bound together by a chemical bond known as an amino acid bond to form proteins.
false
Most fruits are a good source of protein.
false
Most water-soluble vitamins are highly toxic when consumed in excess.
false
The B vitamins contain 4 kilocalories per gram.
false
There are 20 essential amino acids.
false
Vitamin B12 is abundant in citrus fruits and cruciferous vegetables.
false
Vitamin B6 is found only in animal foods, so strict vegetarians need to take a supplement to meet their daily needs of this vitamin.
false
Vitamins that are stored after they are absorbed are __________.
fat-soluble vitamins
A good source of EPA and DHA in the diet is _____.
fatty fish
Which of the following is a good source of omega-3 fatty acids?
fish
The incidence of neural tube defects has decreased now that some foods are enriched with vitamin C. folic acid. niacin. carnitine.
folic acid.
The amino acids in protein CANNOT be converted to which of the following? glucose energy lipid glucagon
glucagon
Amino acid pools in the body contain amino acids from all of the following sources except degraded cellular proteins. gluconeogenesis. digested foods containing protein. protein turnover.
gluconeogenesis
Which of the following foods are good sources of vitamin K?
green vegetables
Colin has just come for a visit with his grandparents in their retirement community. His grandmother's eyesight has been failing lately and she tells him she has been diagnosed with macular degeneration. They go down to dinner in the communal dining room. Colin knows that vitamin A is good for eyesight, so he wants to choose a meal that will be high in vitamin A. Which meal supplies lots of vitamin A?
grilled liver and onions, and a baked sweet potato
High levels of triglycerides in the blood are associated with increased risk of
heart disease
Controllable risk factors for heart disease include __________.
high blood pressure and smoking
Proteins that work as messengers to regulate cell activity are called __________. antibodies buffers hormones enzymes
hormones
Saturated fatty acids are saturated with _____.
hydrogen
Ingesting megadose levels of vitamin supplements can lead to __________.
hypervitaminosis
Antibodies play an important role in the ________ system. cardiovascular digestive respiratory immune
immune
A lack of the essential fatty acid alpha-linolenic acid can result in what problem?
impaired vision
Fat-soluble vitamins are stored in the liver and adipose tissue and their concentrations can rise to very high levels. If this happens, which of the following is true?
it can be toxic to the body
Risk factors for the development of heart disease include all of the following except
kidney disease
Which of the following foods from the MyPlate protein group provides the most abundant source of protein? beans peanut butter lean meat eggs
lean meat
Which of the following is a good source of thiamin? banana milk white rice, unenriched lean pork
lean pork
The best way to decrease the amount of trans fat in your diet is to __________.
limit your intake of processed foods
The two essential fatty acids are __________.
linoleic acid and alpha-linolenic acid
Which of the following is true of lipids?
lipids are hydrophobic
Which of the following amino acids are considered essential? asparagine, tryptophan, and valine leucine, isoleucine, and proline histidine, tyrosine, and alanine lysine, methionine, and threonine
lysine, methionine, and threonine
Consumption of which dietary fat lowers LDL cholesterol levels but maintains (or improves) HDL levels?
monounsaturated fat
The lab report of Ximena's blood lipid profile revealed that her HDL cholesterol was low and her LDL cholesterol levels were high. The doctor asked her to look closely at her diet. He asked her to increase ________ fats and to decrease ________ fats in the diet.
monounsaturated; saturated
Essential amino acids can be synthesized by the body. are the only ones needed by the body. must be provided by the diet. are the only ones that contain nitrogen.
must be provided by the diet.
A folate deficiency in pregnancy can result in __________. rickets neural tube defects beriberi pellagra
neural tube defects
One of the roles of vitamin E in the body is to __________.
neutralize free radicals before they can harm cell membranes
Which population is at risk for vitamin K deficiency?
newborn infants
Foods that are rich in the essential fatty acids include
nuts and vegetable oils
A lipid that the body requires to make several critical substances but can't synthesize on its own is _____.
omega-3 fatty acids
A breakfast high in antioxidants would include __________.
orange juice
Which vitamin is found in so many foods that its name is derived from a word meaning "everywhere"? riboflavin thiamin niacin pantothenic acid
pantothenic acid
Which of the following is a food source rich in biotin? egg whites white flour peanuts spinach
peanuts
The two essential fatty acids are both
polyunsaturated fatty acids.
Fatty acids vary in structure based on all of the following except
presence or absence of hydrogen
The continual process of degrading and synthesizing protein is called __________. protein turnover gluconeogenesis amino acid pooling protein digestion
protein turnover
Which of the following foods typically served at Thanksgiving would be the best choice for providing vitamin A?
pumpkin pie
Milk is generally stored in opaque containers to prevent the destruction of __________ by sunlight. niacin folate riboflavin vitamin C
riboflavin
Milk, yogurt, and whole grains are rich sources of which vitamin? riboflavin thiamin vitamin C vitamin B12
riboflavin
The condition of soft, weak bones in children caused by a deficiency of vitamin D is called
rickets
All of the following procedures help to preserve the vitamin content of foods except
rinsing rice before cooking
All of the following are functions of protein except serving as the primary fuel source for the resting body. maintaining fluid balance. acting as a chemical messenger. helping to form structural support.
serving as the primary fuel source for the resting body.
Which component of an amino acid confers its unique qualities? nitrogen side chain carboxyl group peptide
side chain
To reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease, it's best to increase the amount of __________ in your diet.
soluble fiber
Which category of lipids does NOT yield energy?
sterols
Which of the following steps will best reduce the loss of vitamins through exposure to oxygen?
storing fruits and vegetables in closed airtight containers as soon as they are purchased
A complete protein is a protein that supplies all the essential amino acids. is low in one or more nonessential amino acids. is likely to be from a plant source. is low in one or more essential amino acids
supplies all the essential amino acids.
Genes are DNA codes for synthesizing essential amino acids. synthesizing nonessential amino acids. degrading proteins. synthesizing more than 100,000 specific proteins.
synthesizing more than 100,000 specific proteins.
Which of the following is NOT a critical function of lipids in the body?
they prevent dehydration
Ninety-five percent of the lipids in foods are
triglycerides
A high-protein diet may increase the risk of heart disease and kidney stones. True False
true
A nonessential amino acid can become conditionally essential in times of illness.
true
An essential amino acid must be provided in the diet
true
During protein synthesis, displacement of just one amino acid can result in the disease sickle-cell anemia.
true
Folate found naturally in foods is less bioavailable than folate found in supplements or fortified foods.
true
Like beta-carotene and vitamin E, vitamin C acts as an antioxidant that may help reduce the risk of chronic diseases such as heart disease and cancer.
true
The body can synthesize niacin from tryptophan.
true
The liver is the organ responsible for metabolizing amino acids.
true
The side chain of an amino acid differentiates one amino acid from another.
true
Which of the following is converted to niacin when needed? methionine lysine tryptophan phenylalanine
tryptophan
Fatty acids that are liquid at room temperature are generally __________.
unsaturated
The most healthful dietary lipid to consume is __________.
unsaturated fat
Which of the following represent(s) a significant source of vitamin E in the diet?
vegetable oils
Which of the B vitamins are necessary for healthy nerves?
vitamin B12 and folate
Which vitamin acts as an antioxidant and helps neutralize free radicals? vitamin C biotin pyridoxine pantothenic acid
vitamin C
All of the following are involved in energy metabolism except vitamin C. pantothenic acid. vitamin B12. biotin.
vitamin C.
