Nutrition exam 2

The most familiar function of vitamin A is to sustain normal eyesight.

True

An endurance athlete can lose ____ of fluid an hour during activity.

1.5 quarts

About ____ percent of a meal's energy value is used up in stepped-up metabolism in the five or so hours following that meal.

10

The DRI Committee recommends _____ percent of total calories as the minimum amount of protein

10

For women and men in the 19- to 50-year-old range, the calcium DRI is _____ milligrams

1000

Sports nutrition experts recommend that endurance athletes consume _____ percent of their energy from fat.

20-35

The B vitamins work together with enzymes in the metabolism of energy nutrients and in the making of new cells.

True

The claim that supplements are necessary because today's foods lack sufficient nutrients to support health is a marketing trap.

True

Waist circumference indicates visceral fatness, and above a certain girth, disease risks rise.

True

The DRI for protein is determined using:

body size.

What is the most abundant mineral in the body?

calcium

Lactate buildup in working muscles:

causes muscle fatigue.

When trying to consume adequate dietary iron, it is helpful to:

combine vitamin C-rich foods with non-heme iron sources to increase absorption.

The process of protein turnover includes:

eating food sources of amino acids every day to grow new cells and replace worn-out ones.

High-protein, low-carbohydrate diets have been shown to be much more effective than other low-calorie plans in promoting successful weight loss.

false

The BMI is very valuable in helping muscular athletes determine their health risks.

false

Any disease that produces _____ malabsorption can bring about deficiencies of vitamins A, D, E, and K.

fat

Which group is most prone to iron deficiency?

female athletes

Which types of foods sustain satiety longer than other foods?

high in fiber

Characteristics of cardio-respiratory endurance include:

increased cardiac output and oxygen delivery.

A healthy person starting with average body fat can live totally deprived of food for as long as six to eight weeks due to:

ketosis

The hormone produced by adipose tissue in response to a gain in body fatness that helps to control obesity is:

leptin

A body mass index of 25.0 to 29.9 in an adult indicates:

overweight

A ____ bond is formed between the amine group end of one amino acid and the acid group end of the next amino acid in a protein.

peptide

The recommended source of fluid for healthy U.S. adults is:

plain drinking water, because it is safe and noncaloric.

Which food provides the highest amount of zinc?

shellfish

If amino acids are oversupplied:

the body stores them until they are needed or excreted

The amount of protein needed to fuel physical activity varies depending on:

the extent of training, with higher degrees of training requiring less protein at a given intensity.

Which of the following makes up about 60 percent of the body's weight?

water

All of the following are involved in signaling satiation except:

the heart.

Nutrition authorities other than the DRI committee recommend _____ grams protein per kilogram of body weight each day for an endurance athlete.

1.2 to 1.4

All of the following are fat-soluble vitamins except:

C

A deficiency of sodium is not harmful

False

Water-soluble vitamins are absorbed directly into the blood and thus stored more readily in tissues.

False

Anyone who eats a meal high in salt can temporarily increase his or her body's water content.

True

People who regularly engage in physical activity live longer on average than those who are physically inactive.

True

In making recommendations for protein intake, the committee on DRI took into consideration that the protein in a normal diet would be:

a combination of animal and plant sources.

Negative nitrogen balance occurs in:

a surgery patient.

By definition, a vitamin is all of the following except:

an energy-yielding nutrient

One of the major benefits of physical activity for weight management is:

an increase in lean muscle tissue, which burns more energy.

The best source of phosphorus is:

animal protein.

Water-soluble vitamins:

are not damaged by high temperatures or oxygen exposure.

Proteins attract water and hold it within blood vessels, preventing it from freely flowing into the spaces between the cells. This is an example of how protein is used for:

maintaining fluid and electrolyte balance.

Vitamin A plays an important role in:

maintenance of body linings and skin

What is the intensity level of a physical activity that causes some increase in breathing, is a perceived exertion of 5 or 6, and allows you to have a conversation while doing the activity?

moderate

Which of the following is found in protein but not in carbohydrate or fat?

nitrogen

For athletic performance, the diet should consist of all of the following except:

only energy-dense protein sources.

The first sign of dehydration is:

thirst

Amino acids are "wasted" (not used to build protein or nitrogen-containing compounds) in the body whenever there is:

too much dietary protein.

Vitamin D deficiency in children can cause bowed legs, an abnormality seen in the disease rickets.

true