Nutrition Exam 2

Jose's waist circumference is 42 inches. Based on this information, he has a high risk of ________.

cardiovascular disease

Ultra-processed foods may ________.

contribute to weight gain because a person can easily eat too many kilocalories of these foods

Max wants to limit the added sugar intake of his 5-year-old son. He should _______.

give the child low-fat milk with meals and snacks instead of regular soft drinks

Which of the following organs relies on enterohepatic circulation to recycle bile salts?

Liver

Jason is a college football player who works out for 60 minutes per day, at least 5 days a week. He weighs 230 pounds, and his BMI is 23.7. According to this information, Jason ________.

has more lean than fat tissue

A food scientist is developing a infant formula that simulates the composition of breast milk. Based on this information, which of the following substances would he add to the formula's recipe?

Lactose

Which of the following carbohydrates is in plain, fat-free milk?

Lactose

Which of the following measurement techniques is a convenient, practical, and inexpensive way to determine if a person has an unhealthy distribution of body fat?

Measuring the person's waist circumference

Victor is making cake batter. When he added corn oil, fat-free milk, baking powder, and salt together, the oil and milk separated into two layers. To make a mixture that does not separate into oily and watery components, Victor should add ________ and stir the ingredients together.

egg yolks

Which of the following body fat assessment techniques relies on the principle that lean tissue is denser than water?

Underwater weighing

The body can make limited amounts of ________ acid from alpha-linoleic acid.

eicosapentaenoic

The three most important dietary monosaccharides for humans are ______.

galactose, glucose, and fructose

Jillian is 3-months pregnant with her first child. Before she became pregnant, her BMI was 33.4. Based on this information, she has a high risk of developing ________.

gestational diabetes

Obese women have a higher risk of developing ________ during pregnancy than pregnant women who are not obese.

gestational diabetes

A scientist wants to develop a medication that safely reduces hunger to help obese people lose weight. Based on this information, this researcher will explore ways to block the production, release, or action of ________.

ghrelin

Glycogen is composed of ________ molecules.

glucose

When muscle cells have more glucose than they need for energy, they may store some of the excess as ______.

glycogen

According to national surveys, over the past 25 years the percentage of obese American adults has __________.

increased

Chronic alcohol abuse ________.

increases fat deposits in the abdominal region

A scientist wants to develop a medication that safely reduces hunger to help obese people lose weight. Based on this information, this researcher will explore ways to stimulate the production, release, or action of ________.

peptide YY

Sarah consumes approximately 2000 kcal/day. According to recommendations of the Dietary Guidelines for Americans, she should limit her saturated fat intake to fewer than ________ kcal/day.

200

Reggie consumes approximately 3000 kcal/day. According to recommendations of the Dietary Guidelines for Americans, he should limit his saturated fat intake to fewer than ________ kcal/day.

300

Which of the following persons is in a state of negative energy balance?

A 22-year old man who consumes 1900 kcal/day and is losing weight.

When he prepares food, Nick wants to use a product that is a rich source of unsaturated fat. Based on this information, which of the following fats should he select?

Canola oil

Hillary would like to add more soluble fiber to her diet. Which of the following foods should she add? Multiple Choice

Citrus fruits

Which of the following foods is a good source of omega-3 fatty acids?

Flaxseeds

Which of the following substances is a simple sugar?

Fructose

Which of the following substances is an important dietary monosaccharide for humans?

Fructose

Which of the following statements is true?

Most Americans do not consume enough dietary fiber.

Which of the following statements is true?

Oxidized LDL contributes to arterial plaque buildup.

Which of the following foods is a naturally rich source of monounsaturated fatty acids?

Peanuts

A weight loss program includes recommendations that are likely to be unsafe and not result in long-term weight loss and maintenance. Which of the following recommendations is a component of this particular weight loss program?

The person does not eat grains, starchy foods, or fruit.

Risk factors for eating disorders include ________.

being teased about one's weight

The liver recycles bile salts to make new ________.

bile

According to the "set-point theory," a person's ________.

body fat level is genetically determined and difficult to alter

Cholecystokinin (CCK) is a hormone that ________.

stimulates the gallbladder to secrete bile into the small intestine

Glycogen is _______.

the form of carbohydrate that is stored in liver and muscle tissue

People with central-body obesity are more likely to develop ________ than people who do not have excess fat in the midsection of their bodies.

type 2 diabetes

Which of the following fatty acids is an essential fatty acid?

Alpha-linolenic acid

Which of the following statements is true?

As people grow older, their metabolic rates decline.

Which of the following conditions increases a person's metabolic rate?

Being pregnant

Which of the following body fat assessment techniques relies on the principle that water and electrolytes conduct electricity?

Bioelectrical impedance

Which of the following activities is an aspect of basal metabolism?

Building bone tissue

Which of the following statements is true?

Disordered eating practices are usually temporary and occur when the person is under stress.

Maggie was a subject in a clinical study that was designed to determine the effects of certain diets on health. While participating in the study, she was given a synthetic formula diet that provided vitamins, minerals, egg protein, purified water, and potato starch. Within a few weeks, Maggie's hair began to fall out and she developed patches of scaly skin on her arms and legs. Which of the following substances should be added to her formula to treat her nutritional deficiency?

Essential fatty acids

Which of the following substances is a simple carbohydrate?

Glucose

Which of the following statements is true?

High-fiber diets are associated with weight loss in adults because fiber-rich foods are more filling than foods that contain sugars.

Which of the following lipoproteins contains the highest percentage of cholesterol?

LDL

If you wanted to include a starchy food to your meal, which of the following foods would you add?

Potatoes

Which of the following foods contains cholesterol?

Roast pork

What is the major difference between soluble and insoluble forms of fiber?

Soluble fiber dissolves or swells in water, whereas insoluble fiber generally does not change in water.

Which of the following substances is a complex carbohydrate?

Starch

When Leah parties with her friends, she usually drinks 6 beers during a 2-hour party. At this level of alcohol consumption, she is ________.

a binge drinker

Paige is 6 weeks pregnant. Although Paige drank alcohol before she became pregnant, she refuses to drink any alcohol now, because she does not want to have a baby born with ________.

a fetal alcohol spectrum disorder

Compared to an unsaturated fatty acid, a trans fatty acid ________.

is less likely to undergo oxidation

Gloria's BMI is 32.4; her waist circumference is 38 inches and her hip circumference is 37 inches. According to this information, she ________.

is likely to have fertility problems

Duncan's diet contains high amounts of protein and fat, but it is very low in carbohydrate. As a result of following this diet, Duncan's body forms more ________ than normal.

ketone bodies

Caden develops intestinal cramps and gas after he drinks more than a half cup of milk. He can eat yogurt and cheese without any discomfort. Based on this information, Caden probably has _______.

lactose intolerance

Chronic alcohol abuse increases the risk of ________.

liver cancer

In the United States, ________ are more likely to be obese than other adults.

non-Hispanic black women

Typical treatments for eating disorders include ________.

psychological therapy

Lydia thinks she is 6 weeks pregnant. While she was at a party, she ________, because she did not want to endanger the embryo that was developing inside her body.

refused all alcoholic beverages

To reduce her intake of added sugars, Isabelle should ______.

replace regular soft drinks with plain water

According to the ______ theory, a person's body fat level is genetically determined and difficult to alter.

set-point

Ashley's BMI is 16.8. Based on this information, her weight is in the ________ range.

underweight