Nutrition Exam 2

Which of the following proteins is necessary to regulate blood glucose concentration? a) Insulin b) Collagen c) Hemoglobin d) Keratin e) Serotonin

a) Insulin

Which of the following statements is true of lactose intolerance? a) It is a condition in which the body fails to produce sufficient amounts of the enzyme needed to digest milk sugar. b) It is a disease in which the pancreas swells and stops functioning. c) It is a condition in which the body resists the digestion of proteins. d) It is a condition characterized by abnormally low blood glucose, anxiety, rapid heartbeat, and sweating. e) It is a condition characterized by abnormally high blood glucose concentration and weight gain.

a) It is a condition in which the body fails to produce sufficient amounts of the enzyme needed to digest milk sugar.

About 95% of the lipids in foods and in the human body are:​ a) triglycerides b) phospholipids c) sterols d) cholesterol

a) triglycerides

Which of the following is not a desirable blood lipid level? a) Low total cholesterol b) High LDL c) High HDL d) Low triglycerides

b) High LDL

Which of the following animal-derived foods contains significant amounts of carbohydrates? a) Chicken b) Beef c) Milk d) Pork e) Lamb

c) Milk

Cholesterol is the best known of the: a) phospholipids b) triglycerides c) sterols d) lipoproteins

c) sterols

The protein hemoglobin carries oxygen from the lungs to the tissues. This is an example of protein's role in: a) supporting growth and maintenance b) building enzymes and hormones c) transporting substances around the body d) maintaining acid-base balance e) maintaining fluid and electrolyte balance

c) transporting substances around the body

Which of the following is a DRI recommendation for fat intake for healthy people? a) Limit linoleic acid intake to less than 5% of calories. b) Keep saturated fat intake higher than 20% of calories. c) Consume at least 500 mg of cholesterol per day. d) Consume around 20 to 35% of calories as fat. e) Increase the percentage of calories from trans fat.

d) Consume around 20 to 35% of calories as fat.

Which of the following is MOST likely to contribute to weight gain? a) excess energy consumption in the form of fat b) excess energy consumption in the form of carbohydrates c) excess energy consumption in the form of protein d) excess energy consumption from ANY macronutrient

d) excess energy consumption from ANY macronutrient

Grapes and grape soda both provide sugars, but the grapes are a healthier choice because: a) they are more protein dense b) they contain more sucrose and less fructose c) they are less nutrient dense d) they provide fiber and phytochemicals e) they are essentially calorie-free

d) they provide fiber and phytochemicals

The minimum amount of carbs needed for an average-sized adult is _____ grams per day.

130

According to the Dietary Reference Intakes, people should obtain _____ of their daily energy from carbohydrates.

45 to 65 percent

How much protein does a healthy 32-year-old woman who weighs 61 kilograms require every day?

49 grams

There are _____ essential amino acids.

9

Carbohydrates have been rightly accused of being the fattening ingredient of foods; therefore, we need to avoid starchy foods. True or False

False

Nutrient-dense vegetarian diets require much less land, water, fuel, and other resources to produce when compared to diets high in meats, cheeses, and highly processed foods. True or false

True

Which of the following foods provides amino acids that are most easily digested and absorbed by the body? a) Poultry b) Vegetables c) Fruits d) Legumes e) Grains

a) Poultry

Poorly-planned vegetarian and vegan diets typically lack: (select all that apply) a) calcium b) iron c) folate d) Vitamin B12 e) zinc

a) calcium b) iron d) Vitamin B12 e) zinc

To replace saturated fats with monounsaturated fats in your diet, you could use _____ (monounsaturated fat) instead of _____ (saturated fat). a) canola oil; butter b) safflower oil; olive oil c) sunflower oil; avocado oil d) butter; olive oil e) coconut oil; canola oil

a) canola oil; butter

Which of the following are functions of fat in the human body? (select all that apply) a) cushions the internal organs from shock b) transports water-soluble nutrients c) provides the major materials for which cell membranes are made d) provides a source of energy e) provides satiety

a) cushions the internal organs from shock c) provides the major materials for which cell membranes are made d) provides a source of energy e) provides satiety

The best way to achieve a desirable fiber intake is to include _____ in the diet. a) fruits, vegetables, and whole grains b) enriched processed foods c) refined grains and added sugars d) yogurt with live cultures e) a variety of meats

a) fruits, vegetables, and whole grains

Which statements concerning cholesterol is FALSE?​ a) it is an essential nutrient b) it is a component of bile c) it can be made by the body d) It forms the major part of the plaques that narrow the arteries in atherosclerosis. e) it is a component of lipoproteins

a) it is an essential nutrient

Replacing saturated fats and trans fats with monounsaturated and polyunsaturated oils: a) reduces LDL cholesterol levels in blood while keeping the calorie intake reasonable b) raises LDL and HDL cholesterol, in addition to significantly increasing blood triglycerides c) reduces LDL and HDL cholesterol and significantly decreases blood triglycerides while keeping the calorie intake reasonable d) raises total and LDL cholesterol but significantly decreases blood triglycerides and reduces HDL cholesterol e) raises LDL cholesterol, decreases blood triglycerides, and significantly reduces HDL cholesterol

a) reduces LDL cholesterol levels in blood while keeping the calorie intake reasonable

Removing gluten from the diet has been shown to: a) resolve digestive problems in people with celiac disease b) help with weight loss in people trying to lose weight c) reduce problems with insomnia d) cause kidney impairment e) cause protein deficiency

a) resolve digestive problems in people with celiac disease

Carbohydrates are essential for providing energy to the body because: a) the glucose obtained from them is an important fuel for most of the body's cells b) they provide amino acids that are the preferred energy sources for body processes c) ketone bodies produced from proteins do not provide adequate energy for cells d) fats cannot provide energy for cellular processes e) they provide ketone bodies that are the preferred energy sources of the body's cells

a) the glucose obtained from them is an important fuel for most of the body's cells

Amino acids consumed through food may be used: (select all that apply) a) to build part of a growing protein b) altered some way to make a new compound such as the conversion of tryptophan to niacin c) stored in the liver and muscles d) used as fuel if carbohydrate and fat are inadequate e) broken down and amine group used to make another amino acid

a) to build part of a growing protein b) altered some way to make a new compound such as the conversion of tryptophan to niacin d) used as fuel if carbohydrate and fat are inadequate e) broken down and amine group used to make another amino acid

Insufficient dietary intake of protein can cause: (select all that apply) a. slowed protein synthesis b. weakened immune system c. increased breakdown of body tissues d. delayed growth in children

a. slowed protein synthesis b. weakened immune system c. increased breakdown of body tissues d. delayed growth in children

According to research, what is the relationship between dietary carbohydrates and body weight? a) People who eat a diet rich in carbohydrate-dense root vegetables are more likely to have a high body weight. b) Added sugars provide many of the excess calories that cause weight gain among U.S. adults. c) As people in other countries adopt "Western"-style diets, they lose weight. d) When body weight is taken into account, no significant link is found between higher sugar intakes and higher blood pressure e) Added sugar intake is most strongly linked with body weight in people with type 2 diabetes.

b) Added sugars provide many of the excess calories that cause weight gain among U.S. adults.

Which of the following carbohydrates is responsible for the intensely sweet taste of fruit? a) Lignin b) Fructose c) Galactose d) Cellulose e) Pectin

b) Fructose

Which statement about fatty foods is true? a) Fatty foods are low in energy density. b) The fat in foods contributes to satiety. c) Dietary fat is not necessary for the absorption of vitamin A. d) Fat gives foods a tough texture. e) Fat impairs the absorption of phytochemicals.

b) The fat in foods contributes to satiety.

Which of the following terms would you look for on a bread label to choose the most nutritious product? a) Wheat flour b) Whole grain c) Unbleached flour d) Brown bread e) Natural grain

b) Whole grain

The best way to increase consumption of omega-3 fatty acids is to:​ a) increase intake of seed oils b) choose fatty fish such as salmon and mackerel as a protein food often c) increase intake of vegetable oils d) increase intake of fish oil supplements

b) choose fatty fish such as salmon and mackerel as a protein food often

The role of bile in fat digestion is to: a) digest fats in the stomach b) emulsify fats in the small intestine c) transport fats through the circulatory system d) digest fats in the mouth e) hydrogenate the double bonds of fatty acids

b) emulsify fats in the small intestine

The extent to which a food raises the blood glucose level and elevates insulin concentrations can be measured and ranked on a scale called the: a) digestibility index b) glycemic index c) hypoglycemic index d) insulin index e) glucose index

b) glycemic index

When blood glucose concentration rises, the pancreas secrets __________, and when blood glucose levels fall, the pancreas secretes __________. a) glycogen, insulin b) insulin, glucagon c) glucagon, glycogen d) glycogen, glucagon

b) insulin, glucagon

Health benefits of insoluble fiber include: (select all that apply) a) it reduces excessive gas in the large intestine b) it alleviates constipation c) it lowers the risk of hemorrhoids d) it may reduce the risk of rectal cancer e) it reduces complications from diverticulosis

b) it alleviates constipation c) it lowers the risk of hemorrhoids d) it may reduce the risk of rectal cancer e) it reduces complications from diverticulosis

___________ and ____________ are an example of complimentary proteins. a) Pot roast and beans b) Sweet potatoes and black beans c) Brown rice and lima beans d) Whole wheat bread and cheese

c) Brown rice and lima beans

How can you tell if a fat contains primarily saturated or unsaturated fatty acids? a) All plant oils are unsaturated because they are liquid at room temperature. b) Solid fats that melt at a high temperature are unsaturated. c) Oils that remain liquid at room temperature are primarily unsaturated. d) All fat that is solid at low temperatures is unsaturated.

c) Oils that remain liquid at room temperature are primarily unsaturated.

Which of the following factors helps distinguish one amino acid from another? a) The presence or absence of nitrogen b) The amine group c) The side chain d) The type of bonds e) The acid group

c) The side chain

Complex carbohydrates: a) include both single sugar units and linked pairs of sugar units b) are known as monosaccharides and disaccharides c) are long chains of sugar units arranged to form starch or fiber d) contain calcium, hydrogen, and nitrogen e) are small molecules containing six carbon atoms

c) are long chains of sugar units arranged to form starch or fiber

The main dietary factor associated with elevated blood cholesterol is: a) high intake of legumes b) high intake of vegetables c) high saturated and trans fat intakes d) high polyunsaturated fat intake e) high intake of lipoproteins

c) high saturated and trans fat intakes

The breakdown of fat that occurs when carbohydrates are not available produces: a) monosaccharides b) glycogen bodies c) ketone bodies d) amino acids e) disaccharides

c) ketone bodies

The current advice on following a diet to prevent heart disease is to: a) increase the total fat content to 20% to result in a reduction of total calorie intake b) switch to butter on your foods because margarine is higher in trans fats c) replace saturated fats with polyunsaturated fats d) increase the intake of partially hydrogenated oils because they are lower in trans fats e) limit total fat intake because total fat alone accounts for CVD risk

c) replace saturated fats with polyunsaturated fats

A point of unsaturation is a site on a fatty acid chain: a) where a carbon atom holds a sulfur atom b) from where a nitrogen is removed c) where additional hydrogen atoms can be attached d) where there is a single bond e) where carbon forms a double bond with hydrogen

c) where additional hydrogen atoms can be attached

Which of the following cooking methods would you use to increase the digestibility of protein? a) Grilling b) Smoking c) Frying d) Stewing e) Baking

d) Stewing

Which of the following is characteristic of type 1 diabetes? a) The patient usually does not develop symptoms until after age 45. b) The pancreas produces more insulin as blood glucose rises. c) The patient is usually malnourished. d) The patient's immune system attacks the cells of the pancreas do it no longer produces insulin. e) The muscle and fat cells do not respond to insulin normally.

d) The patient's immune system attacks the cells of the pancreas do it no longer produces insulin.

Fatty acids may differ from one another in: a) chain length and in the number of nitrogen atoms b) degree of saturation and in the number of sulfur atoms c) the number of calories and in whether they contain carbon atoms d) chain length and degree of saturation e) whether they contain carbon and in degree of saturation

d) chain length and degree of saturation

Jason has a high blood LDL cholesterol concentration that can lead to heart disease. A good way for Jason to lower his LDL would be to: a) top his usual ice cream dessert with nuts b) supplement his current diet with peanut oil c) eat fried potatoes in place of plain baked potatoes d) use low fat milk in place of whole milk

d) use low fat milk in place of whole milk

Compared to meat eaters, vegetarians tend to have: a) higher death rates from heart disease b) lower intakes of phytochemicals c) higher blood pressure d) lower intakes of nuts and fruits e) healthier body weight

e) healthier body weight

Essential fatty acids: a) can be obtained only from fish oils b) can be synthesized in the body c) are monounsaturated fatty acids d) are harmful for body health e) must be supplied by the diet

e) must be supplied by the diet