Nutrition exam 2 Unit 7
what are amino acids
The basic building blocks of proteins are amino acids amino acids nitrogen-containing chemical units that comprise proteins
high-quality (complete) protein
protein that contains all essential amino acids in amounts that support the deposition of protein in tissues and the growth of a young person
low-quality (incomplete) protein
protein that lacks or has inadequate amounts of one or more of the essential amino acids
Antibodies
proteins that help prevent and fight infection
lactovegetarian
vegetarian who consumes milk and milk products for animal protein
Vegan
vegetarians who eat only plant foods
urea
waste product of amino acid metabolism The liver uses the ammonia to make urea, a less toxic substance.
A person following a lactoovovegetarian diet wouldn't eat
Fish
are high protein diets typically recommended for healthy individuals?
High-protein diets are generally not recommended for healthy individuals. Excess dietary protein may lead to higher-than-normal urinary losses of the mineral nutrient calcium. However, scientists don't agree on whether this excess contributes to poor bone health.
poor sources of protein
Most fruits and many kinds of vegetables are poor sources of protein. Therefore, not every mixture of plant foods creates a complementary combination.
healthy snacks after exercise
Nutritious choices include a bowl of cereal, chocolate milk, low-fat cottage cheese and a whole-wheat bagel, or a sandwich made with lean meat or poultry.
RDA
On average, adult Americans consume 83.6 g protein/day. This amount of protein is the RDA for a person who weighs 230 pounds!
Whats re some good sources for protein?
People often associate animal foods with protein, but beans, nuts, seeds, grains, and certain vegetables are good sources of protein, too. In fact, nearly all foods contain protein, but no naturally occurring food is 100% protein.
Which of the following substances is needed to digest proteins?
Pepsin
What's the RDA for protein of a healthy adult woman who weighs 71 kg?
56.8
What's a Food Allergy?
A food allergy occurs when the body's immune system reacts to one or more harmless substances (allergens) in the food. In most instances, the allergen is a protein.\ Allergic reactions generally occur within a few minutes to a couple of hours after eating the offending food.
muscle stat
About 70% of muscle tissue is water, and only about 22% is protein.
Which of the following foods generally provides the least amount of protein per serving?
Apples
What is not a source of complete protein
Broccoli
Which of the following nutrients is most likely to be lacking in a vegan's diet?
Calcium
What About High-Protein Weight-Loss Diets?
Certain popular weight-loss diets, such as the Atkins, Protein Power, and Sugar Busters! diets, promote high intakes of protein.
outgrowing food allergies?
Children tend to outgrow their food allergies by the time they're young adults. Allergies to peanuts and tree nuts, however, usually persist into adulthood.
Typical American diet vs vegetarian diet
Compared to the typical American diet, vegetarian diets provide more fiber, soy protein, folate (a B vitamin), beta-carotene, vitamins E and C, and the minerals potassium and magnesium.7 Furthermore, vegetarian diets often supply less saturated fat than do diets that include animal foods.
Vegans
Don't eat any animal products
How Much Protein Do Americans Eat?
In 2013-2014, adult Americans consumed an average of 83.6 g protein/day.1 This amount is about 15.6% of this population's total energy intake for a day. For healthy adults, diets that supply this percentage of calories as protein is within the Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range (AMDR), which is 10 to 35% of energy from protein.
The following tips can help you keep your food budget under control without sacrificing good nutrition:
Include only one animal source of protein in a meal and reduce its serving size. Replace meat with other high-quality protein sources. I.G. eggs, chicken, fat free milk, canned sardines and tuna Prepare meals that contain less animal protein and more plant protein.
Which of the following foods isn't a source of complementary protein?
Macaroni and cheese
Which of the following nutrients has nitrogen in its chemical structure?
Protein
Which of the following statements is false?
Proteins are the building blocks of triglycerides.
essential amino acids
amino acids the body cannot make or can't make enough to meet its needs
Proteins
are organic nutrients that are chemically similar to lipids and carbohydrates because they contain carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms large, complex organic nutrients made up of amino acids
People with celiac disease should
avoid foods that contain gluten.
Annie experiences diarrhea and abdominal discomfort a few hours after she eats wheat bread, barley cereal, and rye crackers. Based on this information, she should obtain medical testing that can diagnose
celiac disease.
Polypeptide
chains of two or more amino acids
peptide bond
chemical attraction that connects two amino acids together
autoimmune disease celiac disease is an autoimmune disease
chronic disease characterized by an autoimmune response in the small intestine to the protein gluten
nonessential amino acids
group of amino acids that the body can make
Gluten
group of related proteins in wheat, barley, and rye
acid-base balance
maintaining the proper hydrogen concentration of body fluids
DNA
master molecule that has the instructions for making proteins
Complementary combinations
mixing certain plant foods to provide all essential amino acids without adding animal protein
food intolerance
negative physical reactions to eating a food that don't involve the immune system
vegetarians
people who eat plant-based diets In 2012, about 5% of American adults described themselves as vegetarians; about 2% of adults reported being vegans.
semivegetarian or flexitarian
person who eats eggs, fish, and dairy foods but generally avoids meat
Legumes
plants that produce pods with a single row of seeds
Amino acids can bind together to form
polypeptides.
